Category: Statistics

Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021 Apr 16;55:e03679. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2019023003679. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate telephone monitoring for symptoms, quality of life, distress, admissions to the emergency center and the satisfaction of cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy and gastrectomy.

METHOD: Randomized controlled study in two groups, carried out at the Cancer Institute of the State of Sao Paulo; the intervention group received telephone monitoring for four moments after the surgery, while the control group received only institutional care.

RESULTS: Of the 81 patients evaluated, the domain most affected by quality of life was social relationships domain. Distress had no significant difference between groups and moments. In both groups, admissions to the emergency center were similar (p=0.539). Pain was the most reported symptom in telephone monitoring. There was statistical significance regarding patient satisfaction with monitoring (p=0.002).

CONCLUSION: Telephone monitoring provided greater patient satisfaction in the intervention group, demonstrating the real impact of this process on the care of cancer patients.

PMID:33886909 | DOI:10.1590/S1980-220X2019023003679

Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2021 Mar 12;42:e20190406. doi: 10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20190406. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate workplace violence against nursing professionals, its relationship with personal, health and work variables, and to know possibilities for prevention.

METHOD: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, with quantitative approach, conducted with 267 nursing professionals from urgency and emergency units between 2015 and 2017. The Questionnaire of socio-demographic, life style and work and health aspects and Questionnaire on Workplace violence collected data, after submitted to statistical analysis.

RESULTS: 61.6% reported having been victims of verbal abuse, sexual harassment, or physical violence at work in the last 12 months. Statistically significant relationships were identified between suffering or not violence and personal, health and work variables. Possibilities for prevention were revealed and constituted a multidimensional model.

CONCLUSION: More than half of the sample reported having suffered workplace violence in the previous year, and possibilities of how to avoid it were revealed to support prevention protocols.

PMID:33886920 | DOI:10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20190406

Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021 Apr 16;55:e03669. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2019011803669. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To map and analyze the knowledge produced about strategies aimed at promoting support to health professionals in the condition of second victim.

METHOD: Scoping review, developed in portals, databases and academic websites, whose inclusion criteria were articles and materials indexed in the respective search sites, between January 2000 and December 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The findings were summarized and analyzed based on descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.

RESULTS: A total of 64 studies were included, 100% international; 92.2% in English and 50% from secondary research. The support strategies were grouped into four categories and most of the studies referred to the use of the forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services and Resilience in Stressful Events programs and the interventions represented, through dialogue with peers, family, friends and managers.

CONCLUSION: Support strategies for the second victim are pointed out in international studies and mostly developed through programs/services and interventions. It is recommended to develop studies to learn about the phenomenon and to structure feasible support strategies in Brazilian health organizations.

PMID:33886900 | DOI:10.1590/S1980-220X2019011803669

Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021 Apr 16;55:e03672. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2019019103672. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To correlate caring ability with overburden, stress and coping of urban and rural family caregivers of patients undergoing cancer treatment.

METHOD: Cross-sectional study, carried out in a referral hospital for cancer treatment, with urban and rural caregivers who responded the following instruments: questionnaire of sociodemographic characterization of the caregiver and the care provided, Perceived Stress scale, Burden Interview scale and Brief COPE. Pearson’s correlation test was used for statistical analysis, with a significance level ≤5%.

RESULTS: A total of 163 urban caregivers and 59 rural caregivers participated in the study. Between the caring ability and stress, a negative and moderate correlation was found in rural caregivers. In the relationship between the caring ability and the overburden, there was a statistically significant correlation in urban caregivers in the interpersonal relationship and perception of self-efficacy factor. Between coping and the caring ability, a positive and moderate correlation was identified in coping focused on the problem in the knowledge dimension in urban caregivers.

CONCLUSION: Urban caregivers had greater intensity of overburden and coping focused on the problem in relation to the caring ability.

PMID:33886903 | DOI:10.1590/S1980-220X2019019103672

Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2021 Apr 16;24(suppl 1):e210020. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720210020.supl.1. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence at birth and the spatial and temporal distribution of congenital anomalies (CAs) among live births in the state of Maranhão in 2001 to 2016. To describe demographic, gestational and neonatal variables of interest.

METHODS: Ecological, population-based study, using secondary data from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). Annual prevalence of total and per-group CAs was calculated. Spatial analyzes were based on the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) and the Moran I Index, and interactive maps were generated. Demographic, gestational and neonatal variables of interest available from SINASC were described in the group of newborns with CAs.

RESULTS: 1,831,830 live births, 6,110 with CAs (33.4/10,000) were included. Higher frequencies occurred in more recent years. Spatial clusters have been observed in specific years. The prevalence of newborns with CAs was different between categories of variables considered as risk factors for this outcome.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence at birth of total CAs was lower than expected for major human defects (3%). The temporal peak of records in 2015/2016 is probably related to the increase in CAs caused by gestational infection by the Zika virus. The spatial clusters were probably due to variations at random due to the small number of births as they are not repeated in other years. Studies like this are the basis for the establishment of CA surveillance programs.

PMID:33886893 | DOI:10.1590/1980-549720210020.supl.1

Rev Bras Enferm. 2021 Apr 14;74Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e20200762. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0762. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the daily activities performed by children from 6 to 12 years of age incomplete and analyze children’s behavior during social distancing in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study with children in a learning stage living in Brazil. The data were collected via online form. Fisher’s exact test was applied to analyze the association of categorical variables with child behavior; when significant, it was used the odds ratio. It was considered results considered statistically significant those presenting values of p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Data from 530 children were analyzed: 50.3% female, 71.3% from the Southeast Region, 73% in fulltime social distancing, 52% presented anxiety, which was significantly associated with changes in sleep and appetite.

CONCLUSION: The results indicate the need for parents/caretakers to stimulate moments for the child to express themselves, not minimizing their feelings and providing emotional support to mitigate the negative impact of these feelings on the child’s mental and physical health.

PMID:33886839 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0762

Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2021 Jan-Mar;33(1):75-81. doi: 10.5935/0103-507X.20210007.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To detect early respiratory and hemodynamic instability to characterize pulmonary impairment in patients with severe COVID-19.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data collected from COVID-19 patients suffering from acute respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. We used transpulmonary thermodilution assessment with a PiCCO™ device. We collected demographic, respiratory, hemodynamic and echocardiographic data within the first 48 hours after admission. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.

RESULTS: Fifty-three patients with severe COVID-19 were admitted between March 22nd and April 7th. Twelve of them (22.6%) were monitored with a PiCCO™ device. Upon admission, the global-end diastolic volume indexed was normal (mean 738.8mL ± 209.2) and moderately increased at H48 (879mL ± 179), and the cardiac index was subnormal (2.84 ± 0.65). All patients showed extravascular lung water over 8mL/kg on admission (17.9 ± 8.9). We did not identify any argument for cardiogenic failure.

CONCLUSION: In the case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, hemodynamic and respiratory presentation is consistent with pulmonary edema without evidence of cardiogenic origin, favoring the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID:33886855 | DOI:10.5935/0103-507X.20210007

Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2021 Apr 16;24(suppl 1):e210016. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This research analyzed a joint spatial distribution and explored the possible associations between epidemiological aspects and feminicide rates, in towns of the Sergipe State in Northeastern Brazil.

METHODOLOGY: An exploratory ecological study investigated the global spatial autocorrelation of epidemiological aspects with femicide rates from towns in Sergipe State, Brazil, (n = 75), in the 2013-2017 period, using the “global” and “local” Moran statistic method and a multiple spatial regression. The exposure variables included socioeconomic and demographic conditions, services and health condition, and femicide rates. We used the software Stata 11.0, SPSS 18.0 and GeoDa 0.95-i.

RESULTS: The spatial distribution of femicide rates was not random and showed high spatial autocorrelation and predominance of significant spatial groupings of towns with the highest mortality rates due to femicide in the central region of Sergipe State. In the multiple regression analysis, the percentage of women in charge of families and the Municipal Human Development Index were positively associated with the femicide rates in towns in Sergipe’s municipalities in the studied period (p < 0.05). The opposite situation occurred between the Income Concentration Index (GINI) and the femicide rates.

CONCLUSION: This is the first study that has analyzed the factors associated with the spatial clusters of femicide rates in a geographical space where there is a predominance of patriarchal culture. There was a femicide increase in locations with the lowest social inequality, the highest human development and authority exercised by women in the family environment.

PMID:33886889 | DOI:10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2021 Apr 12;54:e0851. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0851-2020. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Ourinhos is a municipality located between the Pardo and Paranapanema rivers, and it has been characterized by the endemic transmission of schistosomiasis since 1952. We used geospatial analysis to identify areas prone to human schistosomiasis infections in Ourinhos. We studied the association between the sewage network, co-occurrence of Biomphalaria snails (identified as intermediate hosts [IHs] of Schistosoma mansoni), and autochthonous cases.

METHODS: Gi spatial statistics, Ripley’s K12-function, and kernel density estimation were used to evaluate the association between schistosomiasis data reported during 2007-2016 and the occurrence of IHs during 2015-2017. These data were superimposed on the municipality sewage network data.

RESULTS: We used 20 points with reported IH; they were colonized predominantly by Biomphalaria glabrata, followed by B. tenagophila and B. straminea. Based on Gi statistics, a significant cluster of autochthonous cases was superimposed on the Christoni and Água da Veada water bodies, with distances of approximately 300 m and 2200 m from the points where B. glabrata and B. straminea were present, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The residence geographical location of autochthonous cases allied with the spatial analysis of IHs and the coverage of the sewage network provide important information for the detection of human-infection areas. Our results demonstrated that the tools used for direct surveillance, control, and elimination of schistosomiasis are appropriate.

PMID:33886822 | DOI:10.1590/0037-8682-0851-2020

Nanoscale. 2021 Apr 7;13(13):6447-6460. doi: 10.1039/d0nr08597a. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

ABSTRACT

The two ends of rodlike cellulose II nanocrystals (CNC-II) were regioselectively functionalized either with gold nanoparticles or thermosensitive polymer chains. In the first case, after the introduction of sulfur atoms at both ends of the rods, CNC-II were labelled using a method based on the in situ nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from soluble derivatives. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that such a method resulted in the grafting of one monodisperse AuNP at each extremity of the CNC-II, i.e. to the formation of hybrid dumbbell-shaped objects. No AuNP was detected on the lateral surfaces of the CNC-II and almost all observed CNC-II exhibited this dual labeling. This result confirmed with a good statistics when compared to previous works the possibility to derivatize only the two ends of the CNC-II, thanks to the antiparallel arrangement of cellulose chains in these nanoparticles. In the second case, the localized grafting of temperature-sensitive macromolecules onto the ends of the CNC-II was performed using an oxidation reaction followed by a peptide coupling. This end-specific grafting of thermosensitive chains onto CNC-II enhanced their colloidal stability when the temperature was below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer. Above the LCST, the TEM images revealed the formation of a network extending to tens of microns resulting from end-to-end associations of the derivatized rods through attractive interactions between collapsed polymer chains. Rheology experiments further evidenced a temperature-induced sol-gel transition from a liquid-like (sol) behavior below the LCST to solid-like (gel) behavior above the LCST, in agreement with a change from purely repulsive interactions to interconnections via the hydrophobic collapsed chains. Importantly, all results concurred with a full reversibility of the phenomena upon cooling and reproducibility when samples were subjected to temperature cycles around the LCST. This work reveals that the dual site-specific derivatization of CNC-II can provide symmetric hybrid particles with innovative assembling and macroscopic properties that cannot be obtained through homogeneous chemical modifications.

PMID:33885525 | DOI:10.1039/d0nr08597a