Category: Statistics

Dental Press J Orthod. 2022 May 6;27(1):e222079. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.1.e222079.oar. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the discrepancy of crown-root morphology of anterior teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to provide a guidance for proper torque expression.

METHODS: A total of eligible 200 CBCT were imported into Invivo v. 5.4 software, to obtain the middle labio-lingual sections of anterior teeth. AutoCAD 2007 software was applied to measure the crown-root angulation (Collum angle) and the angle formed by a tangent to the center of the labial surface and the long axis of the crown (labial surface angle). SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical comparisons of the two measurements, at the level of p< 0.05, and the Pearson correlation analysis was applied to investigate the association between the two measurements.

RESULTS: The value of Collum angle in maxillary central incisor was close to 0°. Significantly negative Collum angle in lateral incisors and maxillary canine, and positive value in mandibular canine were detected (p < 0.001). The labial surface angle in canine was significantly greater than the intra-arch incisors (p< 0.001), and no significant difference was detected between the central and lateral incisors (p > 0.05). Notably, there was also a significant positive correlation between the two measurements.

CONCLUSIONS: The crown-root angulations were greatly different among anterior teeth. Accompanying the obvious crown-root angulations, the canines both in maxillary and mandibular arches presented considerable labial surface curvatures. Hence, equivalent deviation during bracket bonding might cause greater torque expression error and increase the risk of alveolar fenestration and dehiscence.

PMID:35544841 | DOI:10.1590/2177-6709.27.1.e222079.oar

Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 May 9:S0066-782X2022005005201. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210191. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Contemporary diagnosis of ACS and risk stratification are essential for appropriate management and reduction of mortality and recurrent ischemic events, in the acute phase of disease and after hospitalization. The Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction recommends the detection of troponin levels above the 99th percentile.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of early death and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients without elevation of troponin (<0.034 ng/mL), patients with mild elevation (above the 99th percentile [>0.034 ng/mL and <0.12 ng/mL)], and patients with significant elevation of troponin (above the diagnostic cutoff for AMI defined by the troponin kit (≥0.12 ng/mL)]; and to analyze the impact of troponin on the indication for invasive strategy and myocardial revascularization.

METHODS: Cross-sectional cohort study of patients with ACS with assessment of peak troponin I, risk score, prospective analysis of 30-day clinical outcomes and two-sided statistical tests, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.

RESULTS: A total of 494 patients with ACS were evaluated. Troponin > 99th percentile and below the cutoff point, as well as values above the cutoff, were associated with higher incidence of composite endpoint (p<0.01) and higher rates of percutaneous or surgical revascularization procedures (p<0.01), without significative difference in 30-day mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: Troponin levels above the 99th percentile defined by the universal definition of AMI play a prognostic role and add useful information to the clinical diagnosis and risk scores by identifying those patients who would most benefit from invasive risk stratification and coronary revascularization procedures.

PMID:35544848 | DOI:10.36660/abc.20210191

Cien Saude Colet. 2022 May;27(5):2023-2034. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232022275.08632021. Epub 2021 Aug 1.

ABSTRACT

The scope of this study was to analyze the possible impacts of climate change on respiratory health in the municipalities of Santo André and São Caetano do Sul. Historical meteorological data (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure), air quality data (concentrations of PM10 and O3) and respiratory health data (incidence rates of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases – IRHRD) were related through statistical models of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Meteorological data from future climate projections (2019-2099) from three different climate models (one global and two regionalized) in two emission scenarios were applied to the MLR models. The results showed that the IRHRD will suffer an increase of up to 10% in relation to the current levels for São Caetano do Sul in the 2070-2099 period. In Santo André, projections indicated a reduction of up to 26% in IRHRD. The most important variable in the MLR models for Santo André was temperature (-2,15x), indicating an inverse relationship between global warming and an increase in IRHRD, while in São Caetano the atmospheric pressure had the greatest weight (2.44x). For future studies, the inclusion of future projections of PM10 concentrations is recommended.

PMID:35544828 | DOI:10.1590/1413-81232022275.08632021

Braz J Biol. 2022 May 4;84:e257884. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.257884. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Buffalo is one of the leading milk-producing dairy animals. Its production and reproduction are affected due to some factors including inadequate monitoring around parturition, which cause economic losses like delayed birth process, increased risk of stillbirth, etc. The appropriate calving monitoring is essential for dairy herd management. Therefore, we designed a study its aim was, to predict the calving based on automated machine measured prepartum behaviors in buffaloes. The data were collected from n=40 pregnant buffaloes of 2nd to 5th parity, which was synchronized. The NEDAP neck and leg logger tag was attached to each buffalo at 30 days before calving and automatically collected feeding, rumination, lying, standing, no. of steps, no. of switches from standing to lying (lying bouts) and total motion activity. All behavioral data were reduced to -10 days before the calving date for statistical analysis to use mixed model procedure and ANOVA. Results showed that feeding and rumination time significantly (P<0.05) decreased from -10 to -1 days before calving indicating calving prediction. Moreover, Rumination time was at lowest (P<0.001) value at 2h before the calving such behavioral changes may be useful to predict calving in buffaloes. Similarly, lying bouts and standing time abruptly decreased (P<0.05) from -3 to -1 days before calving, while lying time abruptly increased (P<0.01) from -3 to -1 days before calving (531.57±23.65 to 665.62±18.14, respectively). No. of steps taken and total motion significantly (P<0.05) increased from -10 to -1 days before calving. Feeding time was significantly (P<0.02) lowered in 3rd parity buffaloes compared with 2nd, 4th and 5th parity buffaloes, while standing time of 5th parity buffaloes were lowered (P<0.05) as compared to 2nd to 4th parity buffalos at -1 day of prepartum. However, rumination, lying, no. of steps taken and total motion activity at -1 day of prepartum was independent (P>0.05) of parity in buffaloes. Neural network analysis for combined variables from NEDAP technology at the daily level yielded 100.0% sensitivity and 98% specificity. In conclusion NEDAP technology can be used to measured behavioral changes -10 day before calving as it can serve as a useful guide in the prediction calving date in the buffaloes.

PMID:35544790 | DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.257884

Braz J Biol. 2022 May 9;84:e256132. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.256132. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to determine the association between environmental organic pollutants with type 2 diabetes. This prospective study was conducted in Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology (FUUAST) Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus Karachi in duration from January 2016 to June 2017. This study was ethically approved from the Institutional Review Board of FUUAST. The study included 50 male and female convenient subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subject with other type of diabetes was excluded. Consent was obtained by each individual. Self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The comparative results suggest that the maximum level of summation polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) mean value was found in age group 27-33 as 0.695 mg/kg in 73% having total individual eleven. Median (interquartile range) of pesticides levels among subjects with normal weight, over weight and obesity were 0.49 (0.26-2.13), 1.53 (0.60-2.65), and 1.60 (1.23-2.05) respectively. It was observed that Organochlorine pesticides (OCS) levels of subjects with overweight and obesity were almost similar (P-value > 0.05) but significantly higher as compared to subjects with normal weight (P-value < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between PCB levels of subjects in terms of body mass index (BMI). In present study we trace the important elements involve in the deposition of persistent organic pollutants and established an association between pollutants with etiology of diabetes and associated disorders such as obesity.

PMID:35544786 | DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.256132

Wound Manag Prev. 2022 Apr;68(4):34-43.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) can occur after colorectal surgery. Ionic silver has been used to prevent the development of SSIs. New-generation dressings, defined as total occlusive ionic silver-containing dressings, have been shown to reduce bacterial colonization in SSIs.

PURPOSE: To evalute the effect of a silver hydrofiber dressing on the development of SSIs at the abdominal incision after ostomy closure.

METHODS: There was a total of 37 eligible patients who underwent temporary ostomy closure. Five patients required an associated intervention during ostomy closure and were excluded. One patient was lost to follow-up. Hence, 32 patients were included in the study. Silver-containing occlusive dressings and conventional dressings were used in patients who underwent ostomy closure. In the control group (n = 16), the wound area was covered with a standard sterile gauze dressing for 24 to 48 hours, and then wound cleansing was performed with 10% povidone iodine, followed by daily dressing replacement with sterile gauze for 5 days. The patients in the study group (n = 16) were treated with a silver-containing hydrofiber dressing, which was not changed for 5 days following application in the operating room.

RESULTS: At the end of the 30-day follow-up period, no SSIs were observed in the study group. When the dressing methods applied to the patient groups with and without SSIs were compared, SSIs developed at a higher rate in the control group (n = 4; 26.7%) compared with the study group (n = 0); this result was statistically significant (P = .043).

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the use of a wound care product containing ionic silver reduced the rate of SSIs related to ostomy closure. Multicenter, randomized, clinical studies involving a larger number of patients are needed. In addition, occlusive wound dressings with and without silver should be investigated in further studies.

PMID:35544780

J Proteome Res. 2022 May 11. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00137. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a widely used model system for investigating conserved biological functions and pathways. Advancements in sample multiplexing have facilitated the study of the yeast proteome, yet many yeast proteins remain uncharacterized or only partially characterized. Yeast deletion strain collections are powerful resources for yeast proteome studies, uncovering the effects of gene function, genetic interactions, and cellular stresses. As complex biological systems cannot be understood by simply analyzing the individual components, a systems approach is often required in which a protein is represented as a component of large, interacting networks. Here, we evaluate the current state of yeast proteome analysis using isobaric tag-based sample multiplexing (TMTpro16) to profile the proteomes of 75 yeast deletion strains for which we measured the abundance of nearly 5000 proteins. Using statistical approaches, we highlighted covariance and regulation subnetworks and the enrichment of gene ontology classifications for covarying and coregulated proteins. This dataset presents a resource that is amenable to further data mining to study individual deletion strains, pathways, proteins, and/or interactions thereof while serving as a template for future network-based investigations using yeast deletion strain collections.

PMID:35544774 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00137

Qual Manag Health Care. 2022 May 10. doi: 10.1097/QMH.0000000000000330. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Unanticipated adverse events could harm not only patients and families but also health care professionals. These people are defined as second victims. Second victim distress (SVD) refers to physical, emotional, and professional problems of health care professionals. While positive patient safety cultures (PSCs) are associated with reducing severity of SVD, there is a dearth of research on the association between PSCs and SVD and the mediation effects in those associations.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between PSCs and SVD and verify the multiple mediation effects of colleague, supervisor, and institutional supports.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a self-report questionnaire was conducted among 296 nurses in South Korea. The participants were selected by quota sampling in 41 departments including general wards, intensive care units, etc. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and multiple mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 and the PROCESS macros.

RESULTS: Nonpunitive response to errors, communication openness, and colleague, supervisor, and institutional supports had negative correlations with SVD (Ps < .05). In the multiple mediation model, a nonpunitive response to error showed a significant direct effect on SVD (direct effect β = -.26, P < .001). Colleague, supervisor, and institutional supports showed a significant indirect effect between nonpunitive response to error and SVD; colleague (indirect effect β [Boot LLCI-Boot ULCI] = -.03 [-0.06 to -0.00]), supervisor (.03[0.00 to 0.07]), and institutional support (-.04 [-0.07 to -0.01]).

CONCLUSION: The study suggests that establishing nonpunitive organizational cultures is an effective strategy to reduce SVD. The findings highlight the importance of promoting programs that strengthen PSCs in hospitals and prioritizing support resources to reduce SVD among nurses.

PMID:35544767 | DOI:10.1097/QMH.0000000000000330

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2022 May 11;10(5):e15719. doi: 10.2196/15719.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity in India is increasing at an alarming rate. Obesity-related mHealth apps have proffered an exciting opportunity to remotely deliver obesity-related information. This opportunity raises the question of whether such apps are truly effective.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify existing obesity-related mHealth apps in India and evaluate the potential of the apps’ contents to promote health behavior change. This study also aimed to discover the general quality of obesity-related mHealth apps.

METHODS: A systematic search for obesity-related mHealth apps was conducted in both the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store. The features and quality of the sample apps were assessed using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and the potential of the sample apps’ contents to promote health behavior change was assessed using the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (PPM).

RESULTS: A total of 13 apps (11 from the Google Play Store and 2 from the Apple App Store) were considered eligible for the study. The general quality of the 13 apps assessed using MARS resulted in mean scores ranging from 1.8 to 3.7. The bivariate Pearson correlation between the MARS rating and app user rating failed to establish statistically significant results. The multivariate regression analysis result indicated that the PPM factors are significant determinants of health behavior change (F_3,9=63.186; P<.001) and 95.5% of the variance (R²=0.955; P<.001) in the dependent variable (health behavior change) can be explained by the independent variables (PPM factors).

CONCLUSIONS: In general, mHealth apps are found to be more effective when they are based on theory. The presence of PPM factors in an mHealth app can greatly influence the likelihood of health behavior change among users. So, we suggest mHealth app developers consider this to develop efficient apps. Also, mHealth app developers should consider providing health information from credible sources and indicating the sources of the information, which will increase the perceived credibility of the apps among the users. We strongly recommend health professionals and health organizations be involved in the development of mHealth apps. Future research should include mHealth app users to understand better the apps’ effectiveness in bringing about health behavior change.

PMID:35544318 | DOI:10.2196/15719

J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2022 May 11. doi: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0223. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To describe the cancer incidence burden and trends among adolescent and young adults (AYAs) in Alberta, Canada over a 35-year period. Methods: We obtained data from the Alberta Cancer Registry on all first primary cancers, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, diagnosed at ages 15-39 years among residents in Alberta from 1983 to 2017. Cancers were classified by using Barr’s AYA cancer classification system. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in incidence rates were calculated. Statistically significant changes in the AAPC during the study period were assessed using Joinpoint regression. Results: Overall, 23,652 incident cases of AYA cancer were diagnosed in Alberta. Females accounted for ∼60% of the diagnoses. AYA cancer increased significantly over the study period overall (AAPC: 0.5%; 95%CI: 0.3%-0.7%), for each sex (AAPC_male: 0.7%; 95%CI: 0.4%-0.9%; AAPC_female: 0.4%; 95%CI: 0.2%-0.6%), and among male and female 20-39 year-olds. Although statistically significant increases were observed in 11 out of 29 cancer sites for at least a portion of the study period, with significant AAPCs ranging from 0.8% (95%CI: 0.01%-1.5%) to 6.6% (95%CI: 4.6%-8.5%), the main driver was thyroid cancer (AAPC: 3.7%; 95%CI: 3.2%-4.2%). Statistically significant decreases were observed for six cancer sites, with AAPCs ranging from -6.4% (95%CI: -8.7% to -4.1%) to -1.1% (95%CI: -1.8% to -0.5%). Conclusions: There is a growing cancer burden among AYAs in Alberta, which is driven primarily by thyroid cancer and early-onset cancers in males. These results highlight the need for etiological studies and tertiary strategies to prevent and mitigate morbidity and mortality in the AYA population.

PMID:35544316 | DOI:10.1089/jayao.2021.0223