Category: Statistics

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:710-716. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.05.018. Epub 2021 May 18.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle strength of the lower limb and trunk during the acute phase after stroke are predictors of motor function and disability 90 days after hospital discharge.

METHODS: This prospective study used a nonconcurrent design to evaluate stroke patients at two time points: a) first 72 h: hip abduction and ankle dorsiflexion (HAAD) score, trunk sitting control, clinical evaluation, demographic profile, and stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS); b) 90 days after hospital discharge: modified Rankin scale (mRS). The participants were divided into two groups: good outcome (mRS 0-2) and worse outcome (mRS>2), and the differences between them were assessed statistically. Clinical and demographic variables were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis. The ROC curve was used to illustrate the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the HAAD score cutoff for the outcomes.

RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were included: 16 with mRS≤2 and 21 with mRS>2. Patients in the worse outcome group were older (p = 0.02) and presented with higher NIHSS scores (p = 0.002), lower HAAD scores (p < 0.001), higher pain sensation (p = 0.04), greater altered perception (p = 0.008), and no trunk control in the sitting position (p = 0.004). A lower HAAD score (OR = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.14-0.53; p < 0.001) and the absence of trunk control in the sitting position (OR = 0.55; 95%CI:0.54-0.95; p < 0.001) were associated with unsatisfactory outcomes.

CONCLUSION: A HAAD score <6 and the absence of trunk control while sitting during the first 72 h are predictors of worse long-term disability in stroke patients.

PMID:34391311 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.05.018

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:535-542. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.04.006. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There is controversy about the repercussions of high speed-low amplitude thrust (HVLAT) manipulation in the thoracic region on the autonomic nervous system.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate effects of the HVLAT in the high thoracic region on the heart rate autonomic modulation of judo athletes.

METHODS: In the experimental study, thirty-eight healthy men divided into 2 groups (Judo athletes and non-athletes) having heart rate variability (HRV) collected beat-to-beat using a cardio-pacemater during all stages of the manipulation: i) rest, ii) time 1 (participant positioning), iii) time 2 (positioning of the participant together with the therapist), iv) HVLAT manipulation, v) post 5min, vi) post 10min and vii) post 15min HVLAT. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), breath frequency (BF), and HRV were also analyzed.

RESULTS: A higher sympathetic modulation was observed with an increase in the standard deviation of successive normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and SD2 indices representing the total variability, however, there was no significant statistical difference in the root mean square of the mean squared differences (RMSSD), percentual of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50 ms (pNN50), and SD1 variables, which represent the parasympathetic nervous system.

CONCLUSION: HVLAT manipulation was able to decrease HRV during manipulation, reflecting sympathetic hyperactivity. However, the return of the HRV indices to the baseline conditions in the first minutes of recovery in Judo athletes and non-athletes reflected the safety of the application of the manipulation in these conditions studied.

PMID:34391283 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.04.006

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:55-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.01.007. Epub 2021 Jan 21.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability of the Thai version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients.

METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out in COPD subjects at Chiang Dao hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand in June and July 2019. COPD subjects were asked to complete the Thai version of the IPAQ-SF. Calculations for each level of activity were carried out separately (vigorous activity, moderate activity, walking, and sitting). This was carried out twice with an interval of four weeks between visits. The test-retest reliability of the IPAQ was assessed using the intraclass correlation (ICC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Cohen’s kappa coefficient and percentage agreement were used to test the repeatability of the physical activity classification between the two visits.

RESULTS: Sixty COPD subjects (50% male), with a mean age of 71.2 ± 7.7 years were included. The least reliability was established for sitting time (ICC = 0.439; 95%CI; 0.212, 0.621, p-value < 0.001) and the greatest for the total physical activity (ICC = 0.837; 95%CI; 0.741, 0.899, p-value < 0.001). The Kappa statistic was 0.433 with a 95%CI; 0.237, 0.639, p-value < 0.001 and the percentage agreement of the physical activity classification between the two visits was 66.7%.

CONCLUSION: The test-retest reliability was adequate for vigorous activity and total physical activity. Although there are concerns about the agreement for classification of physical activity, the IPAQ-SF may be a useful if not definitive tool for assessing physical activity in COPD.

PMID:34391285 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.01.007

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:48-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Depressed level of consciousness and delirium are associated with multiple complications in cognitive, perceptual and sensory functions in the patients of the intensive care units. The present study aimed to determine the effect of foot massage by a nurse and patient’s family on the level of consciousness and delirium in patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU).

METHODS: This was a randomized parallel single-blind controlled trial. Seventy-five ICU were assigned in three groups (massage by a nurse, massage by patient’s family and control group) by stratified block randomization method. Both feet were massaged with Swedish massage (10 min) once a day for six days by a nurse or patient’s family. Delirium and level of consciousness was measured before, and post-intervention.

RESULTS: The mean level of consciousness in all the three groups increased significantly one-week post-intervention. However, there was no significant difference in the level of consciousness among the three groups during the study. The frequency of delirium in the massage group by the family was 20% before the intervention, which decreased to 12% after intervention. In the massage group by a nurse and control group, 16% of the samples had delirium before the intervention. After the intervention, the prevalence of delirium was 8% in the massage group by a nurse, and it decreased to 12% in the control group, none of which was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The use of Swedish foot massage did not change the level of consciousness and delirium of patients admitted to the ICU.

PMID:34391275 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.008

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:507-511. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.02.013. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Activation of the trunk and lower limb muscles, namely the multifidus, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior, was analyzed using surface electromyographyin 40 young, healthy, and sedentary individuals.

METHODS: Data were collected from sneaker-clad subjects with independent gait and during hippotherapy using saddles and blankets, with the feet in and out of the stirrups.

RESULTS: Surface electromyography results demonstrated a statistically significantly greater activation of the rectus femoris comparison to tibialis anterior muscle during hippotherapy. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing variables related to the mount materials used in hippotherapy and human gait.

CONCLUSION: In this study, similarities were observed between activation of the trunk and lower limb muscles during hippotherapy and human gait. In addition, the mount materials and practices used in hippotherapy did not influence muscle activity.

PMID:34391279 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.02.013

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:402-409. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.018. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have analyzed the effects of manual therapy techniques (MTT) in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Clinicians treat patients according the finding-oriented MTT approach. This approach is seldom pursued in research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of finding-oriented MTT applications in patients with CAI.

METHOD: In this randomized controlled, blinded assessor crossover feasibility trial, participants were randomized to receive nine finding-oriented MTT treatments or no treatment during a three-week period, followed by a six-day washout period after which participants were crossed-over. Criteria under evaluation were adherence and attrition rates, safety (adverse events (AEs)) and acceptability and preliminary effects of finding-oriented MTT on muscular activity (measured by surface Electromyography (sEMG)) and on dynamic balance (measured by time to stabilization (TTS) and the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (modified STBT)).

RESULTS: Seven women and two men (mean age: 26 ± 6.1 years) with CAI enrolled in this feasibility study. Success criteria showed a high adherence (90%) and low attrition rate (10%). All data could be used for analysis. AEs such as tingling in the foot during a short time frame were reported after four finding-oriented MTT interventions. Preliminary effect sizes showed divergence and few statistically significant results for sEMG.

CONCLUSION: The participants were adherent to the finding-oriented MTT intervention. The acceptability of data recording and data analysis was good. In addition, the study protocol should be adapted by adding a 10-min warm up period, a participant familiarization to TTS and modified STBT, and test repetitions.

PMID:34391263 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.018

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:447-454. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.007. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of sling-based manual therapy on the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) area in patients with neck pain and forward head posture.

DESIGN: Single-blind randomized controlled trial.

SETTING: Outpatient, Chonbuk National University hospital, Republic of Korea.

SUBJECTS: A total of 22 participants with neck pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale >3) and forward head posture (craniovertebral angle <51) were randomly assigned to a CTJ group or a control group (n = 11 each).

INTERVENTION: In the control group, joint mobilization and motor control training was applied for the upper cervical spine (C0-C1). The CTJ group applied the same intervention to the upper cervical spine and cervicothoracic junction (C7-T3).

MAIN MEASURES: Numeric pain rating scale and neck disability index, craniovertebral angle, active range of motion, and muscle activity were evaluated before and after 4 weeks of intervention.

RESULT: The CTJ group participants showed significant improvement in the craniovertebral angle and cervical extension range after the intervention than the control group (P = 0.025, P = 0.001). While both groups presented significant differences after the intervention regarding Numeric pain rating scale, neck disability index, and muscle activity (sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene muscle), there were no statistically significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the CTJ and the upper cervical region in patients with neck pain and forward head posture represent an area which if approached by manual therapy, improves cervical mobility and posture.

PMID:34391270 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.007

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:464-471. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.05.008. Epub 2021 May 12.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Trunk rotations are important functional movements which form the foundations of human motion pattern, especially in the functions of walking and running. They prevent the functional impairments and structural lesions resulting from axial overloading in static positions such as sitting.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of rotational movement training exercises on the abdominal muscle thickness and spinal mobility range.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.

METHODS: The study involved 73 individuals aged 18-45. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The study group (TG) comprised 40 people who performed rotational movement exercises over the period of 4 weeks (16 training sessions). In the control group (CG) the training was not applied. Changes in the thickness of selected abdominal muscles on ultrasound imaging were evaluated, as well as trunk mobility, based on the trunk lateral flexion test.

RESULTS: The analysis of the obtained data has demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the thickness of the abdominal internal (IO) (p < 0.05) and external oblique muscles (EO) (p < 0.001) in the study group (TG) between measurements I and II, and measurements I and III. A similar increase in the thickness was found in the summation measurement of TrA + IO + EO. Bilateral increase in the trunk lateral flexion range in the frontal plane has also been noted.

CONCLUSIONS: Rotational movement training of the trunk leads to an increase in the thickness of the abdominal oblique muscles. Rotational movement exercise training increases trunk mobility in the frontal plane.

PMID:34391272 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.05.008

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:352-357. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.01.014. Epub 2021 Jan 28.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common ailment causing pain and functional limitations. There is an inadequate understanding of its etiopathogenesis. Involvement of the radial nerve (RN) as the primary causative factor for this condition remains debatable. The aim of the present study was to assess the RN thickness in patients with LE and compare it with the unaffected side.

METHODS: The study included seventy eligible patients (M:F, 22:48) in the age group of 30-60 years with a clinical diagnosis of LE. The cross-sectional area of RN was measured at the spiral groove (SG) and around the antecubital fossa (AF) using ultrasound and compared with the unaffected side. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the QuickDASH scale were used to assess pain and functional impairment.

RESULTS: Thickness of RN at the AF (p = 0.026) and the SG (p = 0.0117) on the affected were statistically significant compared to the unaffected side in the cohort comprising of all the 70 patients. Out of 70 patients, increased thickness was seen in 23 at the SG and 19 at the AF. QuickDASH was statistically significant in patients who had thickened nerves compared to the unaffected side at the SG (p = 0.04) but not at the AF (p = 0.16). NPRS was not statistically significant at either the AF (p = 0.34) or the SG (p = 0.71) in patients with thickened nerves.

CONCLUSION: Tennis elbow needs to be no longer acknowledged only as tendinopathy. It also requires consideration of the involvement of the RN.

PMID:34391257 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.01.014

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.02.027. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effect of the Kinesio Tape on the muscle power of the elite weightlifters.

METHODS: A randomized controlled trial, single blind. Forty-two male weightlifters were randomly assigned to the experimental Kinesio Tape and sham Kinesio Tape groups of the study. The participants then performed a single leg vertical jump and a single leg horizontal jump with three attempts of each to obtain the measurement of muscle power. Outcome measures were included single-leg vertical countermovement jump, estimated peak power, and single-leg horizontal countermovement jump.

RESULT: Significant effect of Kinesio Tape on horizontal jumps distance among the weightlifters in the experimental group (p = 0.002). The study showed that the vertical jump height (p = 0.433), estimated peak power (p = 0.542) and horizontal jump distance (p = 0.841) measurements did not improve significantly between the groups at level p = 0.05.

CONCLUSION: There is a small and better improvement noticed on the outcome measurements after Kinesio Tape application, which may be considered clinical importance for the sport. However, there was no statistically significant effect of Kinesio Tape between the groups.

PMID:34391243 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.02.027