Category: Statistics

Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s10237-025-01984-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the treatment of severe aortic stenosis, yet paravalvular leakage (PVL) remains a significant complication, associated with increased mortality. Clinical studies have identified correlations between PVL and both anatomical features and calcification patterns. Numerical simulations, particularly patient-specific models, offer valuable insights into PVL, but the limited scale of these studies hinders robust statistical analysis. This study introduces a novel in silico clinical trial (ISCT) framework to investigate the correlation between calcification severity, localization and PVL. For this purpose, a synthetic cohort of calcified aortic roots was generated. A conditional convolutional variational autoencoder was used to create calcification patterns for an existing virtual cohort of the aortic root. The workflow includes finite element analyses for pre-dilation and deployment simulations as well as computational fluid dynamic simulations for PVL calculations of 243 virtual TAVR patients. The results show that the absolute amount of calcification in the device landing zone has no significant influence, but its regional distribution does, especially in the combined leaflet regions. In addition, sinotubular junction diameter, annular eccentricity index, oversizing as well as the combination of aortic angle and calcification in the combined non and left coronary leaflet region influence the occurrence of PVL. This framework not only advances our understanding of PVL mechanisms but also demonstrates the potential of ISCT to complement traditional clinical studies, enabling systematic exploration of complex factors influencing TAVR outcomes.

PMID:40782312 | DOI:10.1007/s10237-025-01984-1

Ophthalmol Ther. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s40123-025-01220-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a prevalent exudative maculopathy; however, exact details of its incidence and a global estimate of its annual incidence are lacking. It is paramount to understand the details of the incidence of CSC when discussing its societal and personal impact, the impact of medicine shortages and initiatives for healthcare policies, and organization of retinal service.

METHODS: In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the incidence of CSC and performed meta-analyses to provide an age-stratified estimate of its incidence. By using population statistics from the United Nations Population Division, we were able to estimate the global and country-specific incidence of CSC in 2025 and forecast until 2050.

RESULTS: Seven eligible studies included a total of 324,954 new patients with CSC during their time of investigation. The summary estimate incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 47.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.7-61.7) for individuals 30-39 years, 71.8 (95% CI 41.7-109.7) for individuals 40-49 years, 58.5 (95% CI 29.9-96.1) for individuals 50-59 years, and 36.2 (95% CI 16.8-62.6) for individuals 60-69 years. We confirmed male sex as a risk factor (odds ratio 2.73, P < 0.0001), and found that male individuals were significantly younger than female individuals at onset of CSC (average difference of 3.30 years, P < 0.0001). We estimated that in 2025, 1.97 million individuals globally will develop CSC, and that the incidence will increase to 2.03 million individuals in 2030, 2.30 million individuals in 2040, and 2.43 million individuals in 2050. The CSC incidence peaked between 40 and 49 years underscoring the significance in working-age individuals.

CONCLUSION: Numbers presented in this study highlight that CSC is one of the more prevalent maculopathies in our world and underscores the importance of education, research, and healthcare planning related to CSC.

PMID:40782298 | DOI:10.1007/s40123-025-01220-0

Dig Dis Sci. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s10620-025-09299-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious and sometimes life-threatening condition that can lead to complications like organ failure and infection. While early mobility has shown benefits in other hospital settings, its role in AP care remains underexplored. This study assessed the impact of a nurse-led early mobilization program on recovery in AP patients.

METHODS: A randomized controlled trial included 240 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, split equally between an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received a nurse-led early mobilization plan within 24 h of admission, while the control group followed standard care, with mobilization delayed until clinical stabilization. Primary outcomes included the Barthel Index score for functional recovery, measured at discharge, while secondary outcomes included complications, satisfaction, and readmission rates. Analyses used multivariate regression and propensity score matching.

RESULTS: Patients who received early mobilization had significantly higher Barthel scores (mean = 75.84 vs. 65.5, p < 0.001). Although complication rates were lower in the intervention group (2.1% vs. 4.6%), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.121). Patient satisfaction was notably higher in the intervention group (median = 8 vs. 7, p < 0.001). Readmission rates were slightly lower but not significant (0.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.313). Propensity score analysis supported these findings.

CONCLUSION: Nurse-led early mobilization appears to boost functional recovery and satisfaction in AP patients, with no added risks. These findings suggest early mobilization may be a valuable addition to standard AP care, warranting further research.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2000013176.

PMID:40782295 | DOI:10.1007/s10620-025-09299-y

Drugs Aging. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s40266-025-01241-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40782292 | DOI:10.1007/s40266-025-01241-1

Sports Med Open. 2025 Aug 9;11(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00898-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: School-based interventions aimed at improving physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep (i.e., 24-hour movement behaviours) are prevalent. However, the potential use of homework as an intervention method has been largely unexamined. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of school-based health interventions which implement homework to improve 24-hour movement behaviours in primary school-aged children, whilst examining the moderating effects of study characteristics on intervention effectiveness.

METHODS: We searched CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science on 4th March 2024 using the following eligibility criteria: (1) participants were aged 5-12 years old; (2) school-based interventions that implemented homework specifically designed to improve one or more 24-hour movement behaviours; (3) randomised- or non-randomised controlled trials, or mixed methods studies where quantitative components included experimental or quasi-experimental data that could be clearly extracted; (4) device-based measured changes in individual or combined 24-hour movement behaviours, or their compositions, were reported. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers with study quality rated using the NIH quality assessment tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute standardised mean difference (Hedges’ g), with subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions also conducted.

RESULTS: From 2,281 studies, 19 studies involving 13,160 participants were included for data extraction. Meta-analyses revealed significant favourable association for school-based interventions which implemented homework for sleep outcomes (g = 1.06, p < 0.0001) and SB (g = -0.20, p = 0.0034). No significant effects of the interventions compared to controls were found for PA. Meta-regressions revealed that longer intervention durations significantly improved PA (counts per minute; β = 0.14, p = 0.0241), with no significant effects found for sleep or SB. Subgroup analyses showed significant effects of intervention on SB in RCT’s in both theory-based and non-theory-based studies, though differences between subgroups were not statistically significant. Effects varied between pre- and post-implementations of 24-hour movement guidelines on SB, but these differences were also not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: These results highlight a significant gap in school-based interventions implementing homework targeting all 24-hour movement behaviours, emphasising the need for future interventions to focus on reducing SB and improving sleep for more beneficial outcomes.

REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024518271.

PMID:40782289 | DOI:10.1186/s40798-025-00898-7

World J Urol. 2025 Aug 9;43(1):480. doi: 10.1007/s00345-025-05864-2.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the predictive value of quantitative parameters derived from conventional MRI for determining the pathological WHO/ISUP grade in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) before surgery, and to construct a nomogram based on these parameters.

METHODS: This study analyzed ccRCC patients who underwent preoperative abdominal multi-sequence MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and nephrectomy at our hospital. Patients were pathologically classified into low-grade (WHO/ISUP 1/2) and high-grade (WHO/ISUP 3/4) groups. Information on clinical characteristics and quantitative MR parameters was collected. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to create a nomogram incorporating the quantitative MR parameters with statistical significance to preoperatively predict the pathological grade of ccRCC. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the nomogram’s predictive performance.

RESULTS: Binary univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified maximum tumor diameter, ADC value, and corticomedullary enhancement as independent predictors of high-grade ccRCC. The quantitative MRI-based nomogram demonstrated high predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.936 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.901-0.972). What’s more, we found an ADC value of 1.47 × 10^-3mm²/s and a corticomedullary enhancement value of 0.90 were determined to be the optimal cut-off values, yielding the highest Youden index for differentiating between low-grade and high-grade ccRCC. The calibration curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test revealed that the predicted probability of the quantitative-MR nomogram had a good fitness (χ2 = 12.542, p = 0.129).

CONCLUSION: The quantitative MR-based nomogram demonstrated excellent performance in the preoperative prediction of pathological WHO/ISUP grade in ccRCC.

PMID:40782267 | DOI:10.1007/s00345-025-05864-2

Bull Math Biol. 2025 Aug 9;87(9):126. doi: 10.1007/s11538-025-01504-3.

ABSTRACT

Nonlocal perception plays a crucial role in studying animal cognitive movement modeling. In this paper, the impact of nonlocal perception on pattern formation is analyzed, and it is applied to study the control of pine wilt disease. It turns out that perceptual movement can provide a theoretical scientific basis for the multi-point outbreaks and spatiotemporal aggregation of pine wilt disease. For the top-hat kernel, we concentrate on the joint effect of perception scale and delay on the stability, and find that Turing-Hopf bifurcation occurs due to their interaction. Besides, the patterns near the bifurcation points are simulated in detail by adopting parameters with actual biological meaning, which are selected by analyzing real data, and diverse complicated spatiotemporal patterns are obtained, such as peak alternating periodic patterns and spatiotemporal aggregation patterns. Finally, we demonstrate that the artificial release of the parasitic natural enemy of the pest can drive the populations to reach stability in the form of the steady state or periodic solutions. The obtained results not only well explain the transmission mechanism of pine wilt disease, but also contribute to the study of biological phenomena such as the formations of flocks and swarms.

PMID:40782263 | DOI:10.1007/s11538-025-01504-3

Arch Toxicol. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s00204-025-04142-9. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40782261 | DOI:10.1007/s00204-025-04142-9

Clin Exp Med. 2025 Aug 9;25(1):284. doi: 10.1007/s10238-025-01734-8.

ABSTRACT

While machine learning (ML) approaches are commonly utilized in medical diagnostics, the accuracy of these methods in identifying psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains uncertain. To evaluate the accuracy of ML approaches in the medical diagnosis of PsA. As a result, we thoroughly searched PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) between their inception and October 1, 2024. The overall test performance of ML approaches was evaluated using the following metrics: pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the area under the curve (AUC), and Fagan plot analysis. Additionally, we assessed the publication bias using the asymmetry test of the Deeks funnel plot. Six studies were included. The combined diagnostic data showed sensitivity of 0.72 (95% CI 0.60-0.81), specificity of 0.81 (95% CI 0.61-0.92), PLR of 4.00 (95% CI 3.06-5.23), NLR of 0.41 (95% CI 0.34-0.49), DOR of 11.06 (95% CI 6.42-19.06), and AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.78-0.84). The Fagan plot showed that the positive probability is 48% and the negative probability is 8%. Meta-regression identified country and sample size (all P < 0.05) as key sources of heterogeneity. The Deek funnel plot suggested that publication bias has no statistical significance (P = 0.99). The study suggests a promising accuracy of ML approaches in diagnosing PsA.

PMID:40782250 | DOI:10.1007/s10238-025-01734-8

High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s40292-025-00734-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), a favorable surrogate index for assessing visceral fat distribution and function, has been proven to be associated with various conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and strokes. Nevertheless, evidence on the association of CVAI with the risk of incident hypertension among older adults is limited.

AIM: This study aimed to explore the association between CVAI and the risk of incident hypertension among older adults.

METHODS: Data were collected from the annual health examination dataset in Xinzheng, Henan Province from 2018 to 2023. A total of 10,353 participants aged ≥ 60 years were included. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between CVAI and the risk of incident hypertension by using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the association’s robustness. Additionally, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to fit the dose-response association between CVAI and the risk of incident hypertension.

RESULTS: During a median of 2.72 years of follow-up, hypertension developed in 6990 participants. In the fully-adjusted model, compared with participants in the tertile 1 of CVAI, the tertile 3 (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19-1.34) of CVAI was associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension and per standard deviation (SD) increase was associated with a 12% (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09-1.15) increased risk of incident hypertension. Similar significant associations were observed in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Additionally, the RCS analysis showed a significant dose-response association of CVAI with the risk of incident hypertension (P overall < 0.001 and P nonlinear = 0.238).

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested a positive association between CVAI and the risk of incident hypertension among older adults.

PMID:40782245 | DOI:10.1007/s40292-025-00734-9