Category: Statistics

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2026 Jan 30;14:e70534. doi: 10.2196/70534.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines recommend early postoperative mobilization to reduce complications, but adherence is often suboptimal, highlighting the need for effective tools to monitor and encourage movement. The Mindray enhanced patient monitoring (ePM)/electrophysiology (ep) pod, capable of tracking activity, vital signs, sleep, and pain, offers high-precision postoperative monitoring and is well-suited for research on activity feedback.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to assess whether wearable device-based (ePM/ep pod) activity feedback could reduce postoperative complications within 30 days of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.

METHODS: We conducted an open-label, evaluator-blind, randomized controlled trial involving patients aged ≥18 years scheduled for CRC surgery. Patients were randomized to a feedback group or a control group. Both groups were set the same target activity time postoperatively based on ERAS guidelines. The feedback group received real-time visual feedback of movement time daily through the ePM/ep pod device, while the control group did not receive feedback. The primary outcome was the comprehensive complication index (CCI) within postoperative 30 days. Secondary outcomes included daily activity time, pain Numeric Rating Scale scores for rest and movement during the first 3 postoperative days, length of stay, percentage of reaching the scheduled mobilization target, 30-day postoperative mortality rate, and the times of first exhaust and defecation.

RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-nine patients were recruited between February 2023 and September 2023, with 216 randomized (n=108 for each group). There was no significant difference in CCI within 30 postoperative days between the control group (median CCI 0, range 0-20.90) and the activity feedback group (median CCI 0, range 0-12.20). The estimated mean difference was -0.59 (95% CI -3.56 to 2.38; P=.66). Sensitivity analysis excluding patients with low device compliance did not alter these findings. No significant differences between groups were found in daily activity time, length of hospital stay, or pain scores. Post hoc analysis revealed significant negative correlations between 30-day CCI and activity on the second day after operation (r=-0.166) and the third day after operation (POD3) (r=-0.264; P<.05 for both). Linear regression indicated that POD3 activity significantly reduced CCI (β=-.025; 95% CI -0.045 to -0.006; P=.01), with peak CCI reduction at 215 minutes of activity.

CONCLUSIONS: In the context of ERAS, this study found no evidence that activity stimulation based on feedback from the wearable device (ePM/ep pod) could reduce 30-day postoperative CCI in patients undergoing CRC surgery. However, the ePM/ep pod could accurately record daily activity duration, which may be negatively correlated with CCI on POD3.

PMID:41616372 | DOI:10.2196/70534

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):021001. doi: 10.1103/k5yr-3h6d.

ABSTRACT

We present the tightest cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing constraints to date on the growth of structure by combining CMB lensing measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), the South Pole Telescope (SPT), and Planck. Each of these surveys individually provides lensing measurements with similarly high statistical power, achieving signal-to-noise ratios of approximately 40. The combined lensing band powers represent the most precise CMB lensing power spectrum measurement to date with a signal-to-noise ratio of 61 and an amplitude of A_{lens}^{recon}=1.025±0.017 with respect to the theory prediction from the best-fit CMB Planck-ACT cosmology. The band powers from all three lensing datasets, analyzed jointly, yield a 1.6% measurement of the parameter combination S_{8}^{CMBL}≡σ_{8}(Ω_{m}/0.3)^{0.25}=0.825_{-0.013}^{+0.015}. Including dark energy spectroscopic instrument baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data improves the constraint on the amplitude of matter fluctuations to σ_{8}=0.829±0.009 (a 1.1% determination). When combining with uncalibrated supernovae from Pantheon+, we present a 4% sound-horizon-independent estimate of H_{0}=66.4±2.5 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}. The joint lensing constraints on structure growth and present-day Hubble rate are fully consistent with a ΛCDM model fit to the primary CMB data from Planck and ACT. While the precise upper limit is sensitive to the choice of data and underlying model assumptions, when varying the neutrino mass sum within the ΛCDM cosmological model, the combination of primary CMB, BAO, and CMB lensing drives the probable upper limit for the mass sum towards lower values, comparable to the minimum mass prior required by neutrino oscillation experiments.

PMID:41616358 | DOI:10.1103/k5yr-3h6d

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):021801. doi: 10.1103/4c4g-31zx.

ABSTRACT

By analyzing a data sample of e^{+}e^{-} collisions with center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=3.773 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.9 fb^{-1} collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we study semileptonic decays of the D^{0(+)} mesons into the axial-vector meson b_{1}(1235) via the decay b_{1}(1235)→ωπ. The decay D^{0}→b_{1}(1235)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} is observed with a significance of 5.2σ after considering systematic uncertainty, while evidence for the decay D^{+}→b_{1}(1235)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} is obtained with a 3.1σ significance. The product branching fractions are determined to be B[D^{0}→b_{1}(1235)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}]×B[b_{1}(1235)^{-}→ωπ^{-}]=(0.72±0.18_{-0.08}^{+0.06})×10^{-4} and B[D^{+}→b_{1}(1235)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}]×B[b_{1}(1235)^{0}→ωπ^{0}]=(1.16±0.44±0.16)×10^{-4}, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The ratio of their partial decay widths is determined to be {Γ[D^{0}→b_{1}(1235)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}]/2Γ[D^{+}→b_{1}(1235)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}]}=0.78±0.19_{-0.05}^{+0.04}, which is consistent with unity, predicted by isospin invariance, within uncertainties.

PMID:41616357 | DOI:10.1103/4c4g-31zx

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):021802. doi: 10.1103/k2mk-mffq.

ABSTRACT

Compton scattering is a fundamental process in QED with broad applications, yet its theoretical description at high energies is challenged by substantial next-to-leading order corrections arising from double-logarithmic enhancements. To address this, we report the first calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) total cross section with full electron mass dependence. Our analysis reveals that the NNLO correction, albeit still containing double logarithms, is numerically small due to a suppressing prefactor. By identifying the origin of these logarithms in a kinematic regime featuring a Glauber electron exchange, we successfully resum the leading logarithmic series to all orders, obtaining a compact result in terms of a modified Bessel function. The all-order structure reveals a suppression mechanism, which explains the rapid convergence of higher-order contributions. The combination of our NNLO calculation and all-orders resummation delivers a reliable and precise prediction, poised to serve the needs of high-precision experiments in the foreseeable future.

PMID:41616355 | DOI:10.1103/k2mk-mffq

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):020401. doi: 10.1103/6msb-cxbc.

ABSTRACT

Ergodicity, the property that all allowed configurations are explored over time, plays a pivotal role in explaining the equilibrium behavior of classical dynamical systems. Yet, such a property is typically precluded in quantum systems owing to stationary energy eigenstates. However, recent theoretical works have argued that ergodic explorations of the Hilbert space, occurring at varying levels as measured by statistical pseudorandomness of the time-evolved states, may happen for aperiodic driven quantum systems. Here, we experimentally investigate the hierarchy of Hilbert-space ergodicities (HSEs) achievable in the dynamics of a single spin. Through subjecting a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond to various time-dependent modulations and continuously monitoring the spin trajectories with full state tomography, different degrees of HSE were observed, ranging from no HSE in a time-periodic drive, to partial HSE in a smoothly kicked time-quasiperiodic drive, to complete HSE in an aperiodic Fibonacci drive. We formulate a theoretical understanding of the increasing levels of HSE by attributing them to increasing levels of complexity associated with the drive sequences. Our Letter provides the first unambiguous experimental evidence of Hilbert space ergodicity, promoting deeper investigations into the mechanisms and fine-grained levels with which closed quantum systems reach equilibrium.

PMID:41616353 | DOI:10.1103/6msb-cxbc

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):021804. doi: 10.1103/fsj9-89jt.

ABSTRACT

Searches are presented for B_{c}^{+}→Dh^{+}h^{-} decays, where D is a charmed meson and h^{±} is a charged pion or kaon, using pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. The decays B_{c}^{+}→D^{+}K^{+}π^{-}, B_{c}^{+}→D^{*+}K^{+}π^{-}, and B_{c}^{+}→D_{s}^{+}K^{+}K^{-} are observed for the first time. Their branching fractions, expressed as ratios relative to that of the B_{c}^{+}→B_{s}^{0}π^{+} decay, are determined to be R(B_{c}^{+}→D^{+}K^{+}π^{-})=(1.96±0.23±0.08±0.10)×10^{-3}, R(B_{c}^{+}→D^{*+}K^{+}π^{-})=(3.67±0.55±0.24±0.20)×10^{-3}, R(B_{c}^{+}→D_{s}^{+}K^{+}K^{-})=(1.61±0.35±0.13±0.07)×10^{-3}, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the limited precision on the D-meson branching fractions. The decay channels proceed primarily through excited K^{0} or D^{0} resonances or ϕ mesons, and open a new avenue for studies of charge-parity violation in beauty mesons.

PMID:41616350 | DOI:10.1103/fsj9-89jt

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):021901. doi: 10.1103/rvgc-sgv7.

ABSTRACT

We propose a novel strategy to systematically isolate the nucleon’s intrinsic nonperturbative three-dimensional structure by employing zero jettiness to suppress initial-state radiation in transverse-momentum-dependent observables. Applying this method to transverse single spin asymmetries (SSAs) in W^{±} and Z^{0} boson production at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), we demonstrate a substantial enhancement of the asymmetry signal (e.g., by 115% for W^{-} SSA at q_{⊥}=5 GeV). We show that this enhancement yields a substantial net gain in experimental sensitivity-even after accounting for the statistical cost of the veto-facilitating a more definitive test of the predicted Sivers function sign change. We further explore its applicability to spin-dependent measurements at the Electron-Ion Collider. Our analysis is formulated within a joint resummation framework that systematically resums large logarithms associated with both the veto scale and the gauge boson’s transverse momentum.

PMID:41616349 | DOI:10.1103/rvgc-sgv7

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):026201. doi: 10.1103/ppc1-ntn6.

ABSTRACT

Zero- and two-dimensional crystal defects form in open statistical ensembles, such as the grand canonical, that are usually inaccessible with conventional simulation techniques. This longstanding challenge is overcome with a new Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method that samples energy-biased gradual transformations. The method enables free energy calculations for nonideal point defects and the direct prediction of finite-temperature interface structures.

PMID:41616326 | DOI:10.1103/ppc1-ntn6

J Neurosurg Spine. 2026 Jan 30:1-6. doi: 10.3171/2025.9.SPINE25745. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery is complex and may lead to postoperative cervical deformity (CD) and/or proximal junctional kyphosis. The Roussouly classification describes four types of baseline thoracolumbar (TL) morphology, which differentially influence surgical outcomes. However, their role in predicting CD remains underexplored. This study aimed to stratify TL-ASD patients by Roussouly types and examine postoperative CD development patterns.

METHODS: The authors included operative ASD patients with no prior fusion and complete radiographic data at baseline, 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. Patients were categorized into Roussouly types 1-4 using baseline pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis apex. CD was assessed using a point system: cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA) of 40-80 mm = 1 point, T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (TSCL) of 15°-20° = 1 point, cSVA > 80 mm = 2 points, and TSCL > 20° = 2 points. CD was defined as a score ≥ 2. Statistical comparisons and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess CD risk across Roussouly types.

RESULTS: A total of 546 patients (77% female, mean age 60.9 ± 14.3 years, mean BMI 27.3 ± 5.7 kg/m2, mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score 1.7 ± 1.7) were included. The mean number of fused posterior levels was 10.6 ± 4.5, with a mean estimated blood loss of 1548 ± 1450 mL, mean operative time of 438 ± 180 minutes, and mean length of stay of 7.7 ± 4.2 days. At baseline, 239 (43.8%) patients met CD criteria. The Roussouly distribution was as follows: type 1 (8.4%), type 2 (12.6%), type 3 (47.3%), and type 4 (31.7%). Among 307 patients without baseline CD, 174 (31.9%) developed CD within 2 years: 99 (32.2%) at 6 weeks, 44 (14.3%) at 1 year, and 31 (10.1%) at 2 years. Type 2 patients had higher odds of developing CD at 2 years compared to type 3 patients (OR 2.15, p = 0.019). Type 4 patients had lower odds of developing CD (OR 0.22, p = 0.12).

CONCLUSIONS: Roussouly type influences the timing and likelihood of CD following ASD correction. Type 1 patients tended to develop CD earlier, while type 2 patients showed delayed onset. Type 4 morphology may be protective against CD.

PMID:41616324 | DOI:10.3171/2025.9.SPINE25745

J Med Internet Res. 2026 Jan 30;28:e80958. doi: 10.2196/80958.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Social media platforms such as Reddit have become important spaces where individuals articulate their distress, seek support, and explore alternative ways of understanding mental health outside traditional institutional frameworks. These environments provide an opportunity to examine mental health discourse at scale, offering perspectives that extend beyond traditional clinical and research settings.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the structure of mental health communities on Reddit by identifying patterns of association between mental disorders reflected in user activity and assessing how these relationships align with established diagnostic categories in the ICD (International Classification of Diseases).

METHODS: We manually curated 114 Reddit communities focused on specific mental health conditions from the 20,000 most active subreddits in 2022. Each community was labeled into 49 disorders and categorized under 9 ICD diagnostic categories within the group of mental and behavioral disorders, collectively known as the F codes. We constructed a disorder association network by identifying statistically significant user overlaps based on coposting across subreddit pairs using a bipartite configuration model, with Bonferroni-corrected significance (P<.001). We analyzed the connectivity of the network within and across diagnostic categories, examining inter- and intracategory links. Finally, we compared the structure of disorder associations inferred from Reddit with the ICD classification derived from diagnostic criteria using hierarchical clustering.

RESULTS: The inferred Reddit network of psychopathology revealed an interconnected structure (density=0.135), with all but 6 disorders forming a single giant component that spans across all 9 diagnostic categories. The most prominent disorders by number of users included hyperkinetic disorders (85,000), depressive episodes and recurrent depressive disorders (73,000), habit and impulse disorders (69,000), pervasive developmental disorders (52,000), and generalized anxiety disorder (44,000). In terms of connectivity, posttraumatic stress disorder (17/48 of all possible connections), obsessive-compulsive disorder (16/48), and depersonalization-derealization disorder (15/48) emerged as the most central in the network of positive disorder associations, while schizotypal disorder, avoidant personality disorder, and agoraphobia were the most central when accounting for the association strength. At the level of disorder categories, several disorders, such as bipolar disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, displayed high intercategory associations but weak intracategory ties, indicating blurred diagnostic boundaries. The network of negative coposting associations revealed a divergence from the expectations of past research; for instance, addiction-related communities (eg, alcohol and opioids) were negatively associated with much of the broader mental health discourse. Finally, hierarchical comparisons showed moderate overlap between the Reddit network of disorder associations and the ICD network of diagnostic criteria, both in pairwise edge similarity (13% of edges present in both networks) and overall clustering (Adjusted Rand Index=0.295).

CONCLUSIONS: Reddit-based mental health communities reveal a complementary structure of disorder associations shaped by lived experience, often diverging from formal diagnostic criteria and exhibiting patterns of association that do not align with established diagnostic boundaries.

PMID:41616321 | DOI:10.2196/80958