Category: Statistics

Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Sep 8. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04817-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate fluoride concentrations in a variety of commonly consumed teas and Herbal infusions in Brazil and assess potential Health risks associated with their ingestion. A total of 21 samples were analyzed, including 12 loose-leaf and 9 commercially bagged products. Fluoride quantification was performed using a validated spectrophotometric method, and a deterministic and probabilistic human Health risk assessment was conducted. Fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.5 mg/L (eucalyptus) to 52.8 mg/L (hibiscus) in loose-leaf samples, and from 7.5 mg/L (anis) to 47.9 mg/L (hibiscus) in bagged products. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in six of the nine comparable samples between formats. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that 3 out of 21 samples, hibiscus (both forms) and boldo (loose-leaf), exceeded the acceptable HQ > 1. Monte Carlo simulation confirmed these findings, with hibiscus infusions showing HQ > 1 in over 90% of the 10,000 iterations. Additionally, the average HI exceeded 1 in six loose-leaf and all bagged samples, with hibiscus reaching a peak HI of 18.06. These findings suggest that the consumption of certain teas and infusions, especially those with high fluoride concentrations, may contribute to excessive fluoride intake and potential health risks. The results support the need for clearer labeling and stricter regulation of fluoride content in tea and infusion products, particularly in countries like Brazil where their consumption is increasing.

PMID:40924350 | DOI:10.1007/s12011-025-04817-5

Odontology. 2025 Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01196-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the age-related alterations in mesial roots of mandibular first molar in terms of root canal curvature values, dentin thickness, interorifice distance, deviation from apical foramen, and location of apical foramen using a three-dimensional curvature measurement method and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Forty-five mesial roots of mandibular first molars from three age groups (Group 1: ≤ 30 years, Group 2: 31-59 years, Group 3: ≥ 60 years) were scanned using micro-CT. The central axis of each mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canal was analyzed using cubic B-spline curves to calculate canal curvature. Dentin thickness, deviation of apical foramen from the anatomical apex, and the location of apical foramen in mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were measured and recorded. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson’s correlation tests, were performed to assess age-related differences in curvature, interorifice distance, and dentin thickness with a 5% significance threshold. No statistically significant differences in root canal curvature were observed across the three age groups (p > .05), although a slight increase in curvature was noted in Group 3. Interorifice distance was significantly lower in Group 2 (p < .05), but no significant relationship was found between mesiobuccal curvature and interorifice distance. Dentin thickness, however, showed significant variations: Groups 1 and 2 exhibited thinner mesial dentin (2-6 mm levels), while Group 3 demonstrated greater distal dentin thickness (5-8 mm levels) (p < .05). Apical foramen location and deviation remained consistent across age groups (p > .05), predominantly situated centrally on the root surface. While root canal curvature did not vary significantly with age (p > .05), dentin thickness showed notable age-related differences (p < .05). A significant correlation was observed between the mesiolingual canal curvature and interorifice distance, but no such correlation was found for the mesiobuccal canal. A significant age-related increase in dentin thickness in both the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals underscores the impact of secondary dentin deposition, which is probably uniform as the root canal curvature seems to remain relatively stable across the lifespan in mandibular first molars.

PMID:40924341 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-025-01196-0

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Sep 9;197(10):1094. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14390-y.

ABSTRACT

Understanding the intricate relationship between land use/land cover (LULC) transformations and land surface temperature (LST) is critical for sustainable urban planning. This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC and LST across Delhi, India, using thermal data from Landsat 7 (2001), Landsat 5 (2011) and Landsat 8 (2021) resampled to 30-m spatial resolution, during the peak summer month of May. The study aims to target three significant aspects: (i) to analyse and present LULC-LST dynamics across Delhi, (ii) to evaluate the implications of LST effects at the district level and (iii) to predict seasonal LST trends in 2041 for North Delhi district using the seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) time series model. LULC classification is performed using the random forest (RF) approach, and the LULC-LST relationships are statistically examined using a one-way ANOVA paired with Tukey’s HSD post hoc test, Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analysis. The SARIMA model is employed to predict district-level LST for North Delhi in 2041. The results highlight significant LULC-driven LST variations across Delhi, with urban expansion and post-harvest agriculture lands contributing to the temperature increase. Bare land and urban areas exhibited the highest LST, while vegetation and waterbodies consistently recorded lower temperatures. The surface urban heat island intensity was predominantly pronounced in densely built-up areas including the Aerocity region. The district-level analysis reveals substantial spatial heterogeneity, with western districts predominated by agriculture and major urban expansion recording the highest LST, while the southern-central districts experienced lower temperatures due to influence of floodplains, vegetation and ridges. The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive association between urban expansion and LST (r = 0.98), while the one-way ANOVA test indicated significant differences in LST across LULC classes (F(4, 148,238) = 9646, p < 0.05, n = 3). The SARIMA-based projections for North Delhi predict escalating temperatures in all seasons by 2041, with a root mean squared error of 2.1. The finding emphasises the need for adaptive urban planning, advocating for strategic integration of vegetation buffers around industrial zones, landfills and along agriculture-urban interfaces to mitigate heat and inform future urban development policies such as the Master Plan Delhi 2041.

PMID:40924334 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14390-y

J Neurooncol. 2025 Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s11060-025-05212-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer among women and the second leading cause of central nervous system (CNS) metastases. While the epidemiology of CNS metastases from BC has been well described, little is known about the treatment patterns and outcomes of young women < 40 years of age with BC that is metastatic to the CNS.

METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, we identified patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to the CNS who were treated at the Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Toronto, Canada between 2008 and 2018. Young women were defined as those who were < 40 years of age at the time of diagnosis of CNS metastases. Descriptive statistics were completed, and survival analyses performed.

RESULTS: Similar clinical and pathological characteristics were observed among young and older women with CNS metastases. However, young women were significantly more likely to develop leptomeningeal metastatic disease (LMD) than older women (39.6% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.004). Additionally, young women were significantly more likely to be re-treated for CNS metastases (43.4% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in median brain-specific progression-free survival (bs-PFS) (log-rank p = 0.35) or overall survival (OS) (log-rank p value = 0.52) between young and older women.

CONCLUSIONS: Women < 40 years of age were more likely to develop LMD than women ≥ 40 years of age. Although young women were also more likely to be re-treated for progression of CNS metastases, their bs-PFS and OS were not inferior to those ≥ 40 years of age.

PMID:40924327 | DOI:10.1007/s11060-025-05212-9

J Neurooncol. 2025 Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s11060-025-05206-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Resection of glioblastomas infiltrating the motor cortex and corticospinal tract (CST) is often linked to increased perioperative morbidity. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) motor mapping has been advocated to increase patient safety in these cases. The additional impact of patient frailty on overall outcome after resection of cases with increased risk for postoperative motor deficits as identified with nTMS needs to be investigated.

METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed motor eloquent glioblastomas were retrospectively evaluated. Patients underwent nTMS- and tractography-based neuronavigation. Demographic, imaging- and nTMS-derived data and the 11-item modified frailty index (mFI-11) were collected. Primary endpoint was discharge home after tumor resection. A 4-item score comprising preoperative motor deficit, mFI-11 ≥ 2 points, distance to the CST < 12 mm and infiltration of nTMS-positive cortex was established to predict overall outcome.

RESULTS: N = 64 patients with a mean age of 64.8 ± 9.6 years (60.9% male) were included. 46 patients (71.9%) could be discharged to their homes. Risk factors for non-home discharge were greater mFI-11 (p = 0.027), surgery-related motor deficit (p < 0.001) and overall complications (p < 0.001 for non-surgical and p = 0.006 for surgical complications). In multiple regression analyses, mFI-11 and surgery-related deficit were statistically robust. The 4-item score predicted non-home discharge with an AUC = 0.745, 95%CI = 0.62-0.87, p < 0.001.

CONCLUSION: In patients with newly diagnosed motor-eloquent glioblastomas, nTMS-based planning helps to predict postoperative surgery-related motor deficits. Patient frailty needs to be respected in decision making in addition to nTMS- and tractography-based planning in order to avoid postsurgical motor deficits and to keep overall surgical morbidity on a low level.

PMID:40924322 | DOI:10.1007/s11060-025-05206-7

Int Urol Nephrol. 2025 Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s11255-025-04725-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Living donor kidney transplantation is a critical strategy to address the growing burden of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Malaysia. Whilst living donation is generally safe, concerns remain regarding long-term donor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate renal function and morbidity changes in living kidney donors 1 year post-donation, and to identify predictors of impaired kidney function.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using clinical records of 230 living kidney donors who underwent nephrectomy at University Malaya Medical Centre between 2003 and 2021. Donor sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed pre-donation and at 1 year post-donation. Impaired kidney function was defined as eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73m². Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS: At 1 year post-donation, 76.2% of donors exhibited impaired kidney function. Additionally, the proportion of donors with diabetes and dyslipidaemia increased significantly post-donation. Male sex and increasing age were significant predictors of reduced eGFR. Ethnic Chinese and ‘Others’ ethnicities were found to have a lower risk of impaired renal function compared to Malays. No significant association was found between baseline comorbidity status and post-donation eGFR.

CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of age, gender, and ethnicity in predicting renal outcomes post-donation. These findings underscore the need for standardised pre-donation screening and structured post-donation surveillance. Strengthening clinical protocols and policy frameworks is essential to ensure donor safety and the sustainability of living donor transplantation in Malaysia.

PMID:40924294 | DOI:10.1007/s11255-025-04725-6

Anal Sci. 2025 Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s44211-025-00846-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique; however, its quantitative application has been limited by the instability of substrates and significant signal fluctuations. In this study, we demonstrated that 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ATP) can be quantitatively detected through statistical analysis of SERS signal intensity distributions obtained using citrate-stabilized AuNPs, biotin-functionalized AuNPs, and gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-bound polystyrene (PS) microparticles. Raman spectra obtained in bulk aqueous solution under static conditions showed that the detection sensitivity of 4-ATP using AuNP-bound PS microparticles was approximately twice that achieved with citrate-stabilized AuNPs or biotin-modified AuNPs. Furthermore, the detection sensitivity of 4-ATP was enhanced by introducing AuNP-bound PS microparticles into a microfluidic chip and delivering an aqueous 4-ATP solution under controlled flow conditions. Analysis of the flow rate dependence of SERS signal intensity revealed that the optimal detection sensitivity for 4-ATP was achieved at a flow rate of 0.66 μL·min⁻¹, with a corresponding detection limit of 1.9 μM under these conditions. These results demonstrate that AuNP-bound PS microparticles introduced into the microfluidic chip serve as efficient SERS substrates, enabling highly sensitive and quantitative detection under flow conditions.

PMID:40924288 | DOI:10.1007/s44211-025-00846-1

Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2025 Sep 8. doi: 10.1007/s12928-025-01185-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still controversial for patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. This multicenter cohort study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of LMCA disease patients who underwent PCI or CABG. We reviewed 875 consecutive patients diagnosed with LMCA disease between January 2009 and December 2020 who underwent coronary revascularization by PCI (n = 404) or CABG (n = 471). A one-to-one propensity score matching was employed to control the potential biases. The primary outcome was any major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which were composed of all causes of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Before propensity score matching, both groups significantly differed in essential baseline characteristics. Patients undergoing PCI were significantly older (age 72.4 vs. 70.5 years). They had a better baseline left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 59.1% vs. 55.8%). Moreover, patients in the PCI group had less coronary artery disease burden, such as less frequency of SYNTAX scores ≥ 33 (25.1% vs. 49.0%) and true left main bifurcation disease (18.6% vs. 33.1%). After propensity score analysis, 191 pairs of patients were successfully matched, and the median follow-up time was 4.5 years. A primary outcome event occurred in 8.9% of the patients in the PCI group and 15.2% in the CABG group (HR 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-1.28; P = 0.253). All causes of death were lower in the PCI group than in the CABG group (8.4% vs. 13.6%; P = 0.347), but the difference was insignificant. In PCI and CABG groups, the incidence of cardiovascular death (1.6% vs. 1.1%), myocardial infarction (1.1% vs. 1.1%), and stroke (0% vs. 1.6%) were also not significantly different. However, the incidence of any revascularization and hospitalization for heart failure tended to be higher in the PCI group than in the CABG group, but the difference was not significant. In this propensity-matched study, PCI showed a statistically insignificant difference in all causes of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke compared with CABG for the treatment of LMCA disease. Furthermore, PCI showed no statistically significant difference compared to CABG in overall endpoints, including any revascularization.

PMID:40924282 | DOI:10.1007/s12928-025-01185-8

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2025 Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s11239-025-03176-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this review, we aimed to evaluate Sonothrombolysis when combined with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in STEMI patients with regard to improving cardiac function and clinical outcomes. This study primarily assesses short-term efficacy outcomes, while long-term impacts, such as mortality, were not evaluated. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) to identify eligible studies reported up to November 2024. Four studies, with a total population of 252 participants, were included. The sonothrombolysis group demonstrated an overall greater improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction compared to the control group (MD = 3.07, 95% CI [1.20 to 4.94], p = 0.001), with no heterogeneity (p = 0.44, I² = 0%). When subgrouped according to the follow-up period, there was no significant difference between the two groups (MD = 2.56, 95% CI [-0.35 to 5.46]) after 2 to 6 months. Infarction size, microvascular obstruction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular end-systolic volume showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Sonothrombolysis following pPCI is associated with better left ventricular ejection fraction, emphasizing the potential role of sonothrombolysis as an adjunctive therapy to pPCI in the management of STEMI.

PMID:40924279 | DOI:10.1007/s11239-025-03176-1

Adv Ther. 2025 Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s12325-025-03339-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hemophilia A, an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder, is characterized by reduced factor VIII (FVIII) activity. Hemophilia A can significantly impact a person’s quality of life because of the risk of spontaneous bleeding. Treatment for hemophilia A aims to prevent bleeding from occurring. The innovation of gene therapies for use in hemophilia has the potential to replace prophylaxis treatment by enabling a single treatment infusion that sustains endogenous FVIII production for years. This analysis assessed the comparative effectiveness of valoctocogene roxaparvovec, a gene therapy, versus prophylactic FVIII replacement therapy with efanesoctocog alfa, given the current lack of comparative evidence between these treatments.

METHODS: Comparison between valoctocogene roxaparvovec and efanesoctocog alfa was conducted using matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC). Patient-level data from the phase III GENEr8-1 trial of valoctocogene roxaparvovec were reweighted to align with baseline characteristics of aggregate-level data from XTEND-1, a phase III trial of efanesoctocog alfa. Matching variables included proportion of patients with zero treated bleeds and mean annualized bleed rate (ABR) for treated bleeds prior to initiating therapy. Following reweighting, the proportion of patients who had experienced zero bleeds after 52 weeks was compared, along with mean ABR-each population was assessed for treated bleeds, treated joint bleeds, and treated spontaneous bleeds.

RESULTS: Following MAIC weighting, patients treated with valoctocogene roxaparvovec had higher odds of experiencing zero treated bleeds (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.18-6.14) and zero treated joint bleeds (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.09-6.86) compared with efanesoctocog alfa. Odds of zero treated spontaneous bleeds were also higher for valoctocogene roxaparvovec, but not statistically significant. Mean ABRs for treated bleeds, treated joint bleeds, and treated spontaneous bleeds were similar between groups, with no statistically significant differences.

CONCLUSION: This MAIC suggests that valoctocogene roxaparvovec provides a greater likelihood of patients experiencing zero treated bleeds compared with efanesoctocog alfa during the first year following treatment initiation.

PMID:40924278 | DOI:10.1007/s12325-025-03339-9