Nevin Manimala

Acta Paediatr. 2021 Apr 20. doi: 10.1111/apa.15881. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Treatment of childhood obesity is often insufficient and may be aggravated by high co-occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to investigate whether children with overweight or obesity normalised in weight when receiving stimulant treatment for ADHD.

METHODS: Growth data of 118 children were obtained from medical records at outpatient paediatric and children’s psychiatric services in the Gothenburg area, Sweden. The children were diagnosed with ADHD and were between 6-17 years at the start of stimulant treatment. The pre-treatment data act as an internal control where every child is their own control.

RESULTS: At the start of treatment 74 children had normal weight and 44 had either overweight or obesity. During the year with stimulants, the mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) in standard deviation score (SDS) decreased significantly: -0.72 (0.66) compared to 0.17 (0.43) during the year before treatment (p<0.01). After one year with treatment 43% of those with overweight or obesity had reached normal weight.

CONCLUSIONS: Stimulant treatment for ADHD yield significant weight loss. In children with overweight or obesity and ADHD, this is an important finding showing additional benefit in terms of weight management.

PMID:33876865 | DOI:10.1111/apa.15881

J Prosthodont. 2021 Apr 20. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13366. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the trueness and precision of virtual facebow records using a smartphone as a 3D face scanner.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty repeated virtual facebow records were performed on two subjects using a smartphone as a 3D face scanner. For each subject, a virtual facebow was attached to his/her maxillary arch, and a face scan was performed using a smartphone with a 3D scan application. The subject’s maxillary arch intraoral scan was aligned to the face scan by the virtual facebow fork. This procedure was repeated 10 times for each subject. To investigate if the maxillary scan is located at the right position to the face, these virtual facebow records were superimposed to a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) head scan from the same subject by matching the face scan to the face 3D reconstruction from CBCT images. The location of maxillary arch in virtual facebow records was compared with its position in CBCT. The “trueness” of the proposed procedure is defined as the deviation between maxilla arch position in virtual facebow records and the CBCT images. The “precision” is defined as the deviation between each virtual facebow record. The linear deviation at left central incisor (#9), left first molar (#14), and right first molar (#3), as well as angular deviation of occlusal plane were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Differences between two objects were also explored with Mann Whitney U test.

RESULTS: The 20 virtual facebow records using the smartphone 3D scanner deviated from the CBCT measurements (trueness) by 1.14 ±0.40 mm at #9, 1.20 ±0.50 mm at #14, 1.12 ±0.51 mm at the #3, and 1.48 ±0.56° in the occlusal plane. The VFTs deviated from each other by 1.06 ±0.50 mm at #9, 1.09 ±0.49 mm at #14, 1.11 ±0.58 mm at #3, and 0.81 ±0.58° in the occlusal plane. When all sites combined, the trueness was 1.14 ±0.40 mm, and the precision was 1.08 ±0.52 mm. Out of eight measurements, three measurements were significantly different between subjects. Nevertheless, the mean difference was small.

CONCLUSIONS: Virtual facebow records made using smartphone-based face scan can capture the maxilla position with high trueness and precision. The deviation can be anticipated as around 1 mm in linear distance and 1° in angulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:33876857 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.13366

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Apr 20. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14163. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of injection of autologous keratin gel and fibroblast for static forehead rhytides rectification as new soft tissue filler.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 48 volunteers suffering static forehead rhytides received the injection of autologous keratin and fibroblast and 6 volunteers received botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and hyaluronic acid(HA) treatment as parallel control. The follow-up study was carried out 1,3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment, photographs and satisfactions questionnaire were collected and assessed. All volunteers were independently assessed by blinded evaluators using global aesthetic improvement scores(GAIS). One-way-Anova was used for statistical analysis, and the significant level was α=0.05).

RESULTS: The static forehead rhytides was improved observably after the treatment. It still showed good result even at month 24 after the injection. There is no severe adverse effects observed in the whole procedure.

CONCLUSION: Autologous fibroblast and keratin combined injection might be an ideal therapy in mini-invasiveplastic injection area, which is safe and effective for static forehead rhytides correction, and has a long-term efficacy.

PMID:33876856 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14163

Chemistry. 2021 Apr 20. doi: 10.1002/chem.202100922. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Heavy-atom-free sensitizers forming long-living triplet excited states via the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) process have potential to replace transition metal complexes in photonic applications. The efficiency of SOCT-ISC in BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads can be tuned by structural modification. Predicting the triplet state yields and reactive oxygen species generation quantum yields in a particular solvent is challenging due to a lack of quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. We analyzed data on 1 O 2 generation quantum yields (Φ Δ ) for >70 heavy-atom-free BODIPY in toluene, acetonitrile, and THF. To build reliable QSPR models, we synthesized new BODIPYs containing different electron donating groups, studied their optical and structural properties and the solvent dependence of 1 O2 , which confirmed the formation of triplet states via SOCT-ISC. More than 5000 quantum-chemical descriptors were calculated including descriptors using DFT, namely M06-2X functional. QSPR models predicting ΦΔ values were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR), which perform significantly better than other machine learning methods and show sufficient statistical parameters (R = 0.88 ̶ 0.91 and q 2 = 0.62 ̶ 0.69) for all three solvents. A small root mean squared error of 8.2% was obtained for ΦΔ values predicted using MLR model in toluene. QSPR and machine learning techniques can be useful for predicting ΦΔ values in different media and virtual screening of new heavy-atom-free BODIPYs with improved photosensitizing ability.

PMID:33876842 | DOI:10.1002/chem.202100922

Biometrics. 2021 Apr 20. doi: 10.1111/biom.13476. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In many studies, related individuals are phenotyped in order to infer how their genotype contributes to their phenotype, through the estimation of parameters such as breeding values or locus effects. When it is not possible to phenotype all the individuals, it is important to properly sample the population to improve the precision of the statistical analysis. This article studies how to optimize such sampling designs for pedigrees and association studies. Two sampling methods are developed, stratified sampling and D optimality. It is found that it is important to take account of mutation when sampling pedigrees with many generations: as the size of mutation effects increases, optimized designs sample more individuals in late generations. Optimized designs for association studies tend to improve the joint estimation of breeding values and locus effects, all the more as sample size is low and the genetic architecture of the trait is simple. When the trait is determined by few loci, they are reminiscent of classical experimental designs for regression models and tend to select homozygous individuals. When the trait is determined by many loci, locus effects may be difficult to estimate, even if an optimized design is used.

PMID:33876835 | DOI:10.1111/biom.13476

Pain Med. 2021 Apr 20:pnab144. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab144. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Pain catastrophizing is an important psychological predictor of pain. Recent evidence suggests the relationship between catastrophizing and pain intensity could be bidirectional, but most studies have been conducted on chronic pain patients and using criticized statistical methods. The present study aimed to examine if the relationship between pain intensity and catastrophizing was bidirectional in the context of childbirth.

METHODS: A total of 504 women without chronic pain were recruited on their 32-37 gestational week. They completed measures of catastrophizing and pain intensity on the first encounter and then again at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. The temporal relationship between the variables was assessed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model.

RESULTS: The hypothesis of reciprocal association did not receive support, as pain intensity predicted catastrophizing during the postpartum period, but catastrophizing did not show an effect over pain intensity at any moment.

CONCLUSIONS: Pain intensity predicting catastrophizing is consistent with previous literature, while the lack of effect of catastrophizing over pain intensity is an unexpected result, which may suggest that catastrophizing plays a different role in the postpartum period. These results highlight the importance of timely efforts for pain management during the postpartum period and contribute to the theoretical conceptualization of catastrophizing.

PMID:33876826 | DOI:10.1093/pm/pnab144

Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 19;11(1):8435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87713-x.

ABSTRACT

Expansion of COVID-19 worldwide increases interest in unraveling genomic variations of novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Metadata of 408,493 SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GISAID database were analyzed with respect to genomic clades and their geographic, age, and gender distributions. Of the currently known SARS-CoV-2 clades, clade GR was the most prevalent worldwide followed by GV then GH. Chronological analysis revealed expansion in SARS-CoV-2 clades carrying D614G mutations with the predominance of the newest clade, GV, in the last three months. D614G clades prevail in countries with more COVID-19 cases. Of them, the clades GH and GR were more frequently recovered from severe or deceased COVID-19 cases. In contrast, G and GV clades showed a significantly higher prevalence among asymptomatic patients or those with mild disease. Metadata analysis showed higher (p < 0.05) prevalence of severe/deceased cases among males than females and predominance of GR clade in female patients. Furthermore, severe disease/death was more prevalent (p < 0.05) in elderly than in adults/children. Higher prevalence of the GV clade in children compared to other age groups was also evident. These findings uniquely provide a statistical evidence on the adaptation-driven evolution of SARS-CoV-2 leading to altered infectivity, virulence, and mortality.

PMID:33875719 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-87713-x

Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 19;11(1):8433. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87584-2.

ABSTRACT

Endovascular treatment of strokes caused by large vessel occlusion enables the histopathological investigation of the retrieved embolus, possibly providing a novel opportunity to contribute to the diagnostic workup of etiology and to define secondary prevention measures in strokes with uncertain genesis. We aimed to develop a classification rule based on pathophysiological considerations and adjustment to reference thrombi for distinction between cardiac and arteriosclerotic emboli and to validate this classification rule on a patient cohort. From 125 patients with stroke due to large vessel occlusion and thrombectomy, 82 patients with known etiology (55 cardioembolic and 27 arterioembolic strokes) were included. The corresponding emboli were histologically evaluated by two raters blinded to the etiology of stroke by means of a novel classification rule. Presumed etiology and classification results were compared. Agreement concerning cardiac emboli was 72.2% (95% CI: 58.4-83.5) for rater I and 78.2% (95% CI: 65.0-88.2) for rater II. Agreement concerning arteriosclerotic emboli was 70.4% (95% CI: 49.8-86.3) for rater I and 74.1% (95% CI: 53.7-88.9) for rater II. Overall agreement reached 71.6% (95% CI: 60.5-81.1) for rater I and 76.8% (95% CI: 66.2-85.4) for rater II. Within the limits of generally restricted accuracy of histological evaluations, the classification rule differentiates between cardiac and arteriosclerotic emboli of acute ischemic stroke patients. Further improvement is needed to provide valuable complementary data for stroke etiology workup.

PMID:33875717 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-87584-2

Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 19;11(1):8432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87777-9.

ABSTRACT

We developed a novel technology using the photoacoustic effect that improve needle tip visibility. We evaluated whether this technology improves needle tip visibility when performing a deep peripheral nerve block in a cadaver model. A photoacoustic needle was developed using a conventional echogenic needle with an intraluminal optical fiber. A pulsed laser sends light from a source through the fiber, which is converted to ultrasound at the needle tip using the photoacoustic effect. A nerve block expert performed deep nerve blocks using the photoacoustic needle and the ultrasound views recorded, with or without photoacoustic ultrasound at the needle tip. Needle tip visibility was evaluated by questionnaire (Likert scale 1: very poor, 5: very good) completed by anesthesiologists evaluating recorded images. The score was presented as median [first quartile, third quartile]. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The scores of needle tip visibility with photoacoustic ultrasound from the needle tip (4.3 [4.0, 4.5]) was significantly higher than that without photoacoustic ultrasound (3.5 [3.2, 3.8]) (p < 0.01). Ultrasound emitted at the needle tip using the photoacoustic effect improves needle tip visibility during deep peripheral nerve blocks.Clinical trial number University Hospital Medical Information Network Center Clinical Trials Registration System (UMIN000036974).

PMID:33875687 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-87777-9

Transl Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 19;11(1):226. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01265-2.

ABSTRACT

Psychotic experiences (PE) are associated with poorer functioning, higher distress and the onset of serious mental illness. Environmental exposures (e.g. childhood abuse) are associated with the development of PE. However, which specific exposures convey risk for each type or dimension of PE has rarely been explored. The Oxford Wellbeing Life and Sleep (OWLS) survey includes 22 environmental risk factors for psychosis and was designed to examine how environmental risks are associated with specific dimensions of PE. Multivariate logistic regression models were fit using these risk factors to predict six dimensions of PE (perceptual abnormalities, persecutory ideation, bizarre ideas, cognitive disorganisation, delusional mood and negative symptoms). Models were built using only 70% of the data, and then fit to the remaining data to assess their generalisability and quality. 1789 (27.2% men; mean age = 27.6; SD = 10.9) survey responses were analysed. The risk factors predictive of the most PE were anxiety, social withdrawal during childhood and trauma. Cannabis and depression predicted three dimensions with both predicting bizarre ideas and persecutory ideation. Psychological abuse and sleep quality each predicted two dimensions (persecutory ideation and delusional mood). Risk factors predicting one PE dimension were age (predicting cognitive disorganisation), physical abuse (bizarre ideas), bullying and gender (persecutory ideation); and circadian phase (delusional mood). These results lend support for a continuum of psychosis, suggesting environmental risks for psychotic disorders also increase the risk of assorted dimensions of PE. Furthermore, it advocates the use of dimensional approaches when examining environmental exposures for PE given that environmental risks distribute differently across dimensions.

PMID:33875641 | DOI:10.1038/s41398-021-01265-2