Nevin Manimala

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):15978. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00799-5.

ABSTRACT

To compare postoperative changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness between macula-off and macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Patients with RRD who had undergone a single, uncomplicated vitrectomy and been followed for ≥ 3 years postoperatively were included. Based on preoperative status, patients were categorized into a macula-on group (Group 1) and a macula-off group (Group 2). The baseline was established after complete gas dissipation from the vitreous cavity, followed by three additional examinations at 1-year intervals. In total, 62 eyes were analyzed: 30 in Group 1 and 32 in Group 2. Global pRNFL thicknesses in Group 1 were 100.0 ± 19.5, 99.4 ± 19.6, 98.4 ± 19.4, and 97.0 ± 20.3 μm at baseline, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years, respectively (P = 0.001). In Group 2, the corresponding values were 99.6 ± 15.0, 96.2 ± 16.4, 95.4 ± 16.3, and 94.1 ± 17.6 μm (P < 0.001). Sectoral analysis showed statistically significant changes in the inferotemporal (P < 0.001) and inferonasal (P = 0.003) sectors in Group 2. The reduction rates of global pRNFL thickness were – 0.89 μm/y in Group 1 and – 1.81 μm/y in Group 2; these rates significantly differed between the groups (P = 0.026). Among RRD patients, pRNFL thickness gradually declined over time, with a more pronounced reduction in the macula-off group. A substantial decrease in inferior pRNFL thickness was observed in macula-off patients.

PMID:40341713 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-00799-5

Trop Med Int Health. 2025 May 8. doi: 10.1111/tmi.14116. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected parasitic transmitted disease that the world has pledged to eliminate by 2020. Burkina Faso has initiated an elimination programme from 2001 to 2017. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of annual mass drug administration of ivermectin and albendazole on lymphatic filariasis transmission.

METHODS: This was an ecological study conducted covering the period from 2001 to 2017. The data were collected from 1 January to 31 December 2017. In this study, we have considered data pertaining to the annual distribution of treatment according to geographical location, sex, age, and the various post-treatment evaluations, including the antigenic test and the microscopic search for microfilariae. All health districts implementing mass drug administration were included. The statistical analyses were descriptive using STATA software version 15.

RESULTS: During reviewing 16 years data of program implementation, the geographical coverage of health districts was complete 70/70 (100%). The average treatment coverage was 80%. Microfilaremia was less than 1% in 21 of the 30 sentinel sites. Post-treatment surveillance showed that the prevalence of filarial antigen was less than 1% at 2, 4, and 6 years after. Of the 70 endemic health districts, 87% (61/70) interrupted transmission.

CONCLUSION: Lymphatic filariasis transmission was interrupted in several health districts. Transmission assessment surveys showed a significant reduction of immunoparasitological indicators during program implementation. However, the country had to make efforts to reach the WHO target by 2020.

PMID:40341688 | DOI:10.1111/tmi.14116

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):16088. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98926-9.

ABSTRACT

Mucormycosis, a severe fungal infection, has exhibited a concerning increase in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak. This three-year cohort study aims to investigate an overview of the epidemiology, clinical and radiographic signs, treatment, and prognosis of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM). This prospective cohort study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 at Khalili Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. It focused on proven cases of ROCM. Patients underwent a stepwise treatment protocol, with meticulous documentation of findings from ophthalmological examinations and imaging studies. Additionally, a three-year follow-up period was implemented to monitor patient progress and assess the effectiveness of treatment strategies. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS statistics. In this study, 77 patients with ROCM participated. Most patients presented with facial pain (75.3%), swelling (62.3%), and vision loss (51.9%). Treatment included combined antifungal therapy and surgical debridement, with 7.8% undergoing ocular exenteration. Notably, despite the extensive disease, all cases that underwent orbital exenteration survived during the 3-year follow-up. Impaired V2 nerve function was associated with higher mortality rates, and patients presenting with an initial visual acuity of No Light Perception (NLP) had higher mortality compared to those with other degrees of visual impairment. The convergence of mucormycosis, specifically in the form of ROCM, with COVID-19 has led to an outbreak characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates. This cohort study meticulously documented the long-term follow-up of these patients, aiming to provide novel insights into the epidemiology, clinical and radiographic signs, treatment, and prognosis of this fungal infection.

PMID:40341683 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98926-9

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):16019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01197-7.

ABSTRACT

Several new surgical techniques for managing refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) have demonstrated favorable short-term outcomes. However, no studies have reported the long-term outcomes of these treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of cystotomy for DME retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients (31 eyes; 16 male, 11 female) who underwent cystotomy for DME between January 2015 and April 2019, with a follow-up period of 3 years were included. Statistical analyses involved variables including age, sex, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), number of treatments (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide, direct photocoagulation for microaneurysms, vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling), number of clinic visits, and DME recurrence. The mean age was 67.2 ± 9.3 years. BCVA (logMAR) and CMT(µm) significantly improved from preoperatively to 3 years postoperatively (P < 0.001). Total treatments significantly decreased from the year before surgery to the third year after surgery (P < 0.001). The mean number of clinic visits significantly decreased from the year before surgery to the third year after surgery (P < 0.001). Fibrinogen clot removal was performed in 14 eyes. and DME recurrence occurred in 12 eyes. Cystotomy may be a viable treatment option for DME.

PMID:40341676 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-01197-7

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):15982. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01152-6.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of health education based on self-determination theory on hemodialysis knowledge, self-management, interdialytic weight gain and anxiety and depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The study is a quasi-randomized control trial, a total of 86 maintenance hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria were included equally in the intervention and control groups. The control group received routine care, and the intervention group received health education based on self-determination theory. Three months after the intervention, the intervention effects were evaluated using the Hemodialysis Related Knowledge Scale, Self-Management Behavior Scale, Interdialytic Weight Gain, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Three months after the intervention, the hemodialysis knowledge scores of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group and baseline; the scores of the intervention group in problem solving, partnership, emotional processing, executive self-care dimensions and the total self-management scores were higher than that of the control group and baseline; the interdialytic weight gain of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group and baseline; the anxiety and depression scores of the intervention group were lower than that of the control group and baseline. All these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Health education based on self-determination theory can improve the hemodialysis knowledge level and self-management ability of maintenance hemodialysis patients, and reduce the interdialytic weight gain and anxiety and depression level.

PMID:40341669 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-01152-6

Ther Drug Monit. 2025 Jun 1;47(3):330-336. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000001272. Epub 2024 Nov 15.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Posaconazole (POSA), a second-generation triazole antifungal drug, inhibits CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Here, the interaction between POSA and tacrolimus (TAC) in patients undergoing early renal transplantation was studied.

METHODS: Twenty-two renal transplant recipients who received POSA as antifungal therapy were studied. The following indicators were analyzed statistically: the blood concentration (C), dose (D), and concentration-dose ratio (C/D) of TAC before and after introducing POSA; the change of C/D (ΔC/D) after starting POSA; the genotypes of CYP3A5*3, ABCB1 3435, ABCB1 1236, and POR*28; other routine clinical indicators.

RESULTS: After starting POSA, the C, D, and C/D values of TAC were 1.29, 0.57, and 2.74 times the original values, respectively. A linear correlation was observed between the plasma levels of POSA and ΔC/D. The CYP3A5*3 gene polymorphism showed a significant impact on C, D, and C/D of TAC; however, it did not affect the ΔC/D. Polymorphism of the ABCB1 3435 gene had a significant effect on ΔC/D, and patients with the CC genotype in ABCB1 3435 had significantly lower ΔC/D than the CT/TT patients.

CONCLUSIONS: In renal transplant patients, considerable interindividual variability was observed in the drug interactions between POSA and TAC. The genotypes of CYP3A5*3 and ABCB1 3435 and the plasma level of POSA had strong impact on the interaction between POSA and TAC.

PMID:40341589 | DOI:10.1097/FTD.0000000000001272

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):16118. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00091-6.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40341585 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-00091-6

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):16076. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01241-6.

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is a significant global health burden, with drug-resistant TB, especially multidrug-resistant TB, causing severe challenges to treatment. In Ethiopia, a high TB-burden country, drug resistance has continued spreading. However, some studies indicate genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and resistance-conferring mutations by using targeted amplification, there are limited reports of whole genome sequencing analysis to uncover the antimicrobial resistance and virulent genes. Based on that, the objective of this project was to identify antimicrobial resistance regions and characterize virulence factors in M. tuberculosis isolates through in silico whole-genome sequence analysis. A FASTQ file of 45 M. tuberculosis isolates whole genome sequence was downloaded from the SAR database. Following quality control using FASTQC coupled with MultiQC and trimming with Trimmomatic, de novo assembly was conducted using SPAdes. The Burrows-Wheeler Aligner was used for mapping against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv reference genome, followed by variant calling with FreeBayes. In silico spoligotyping was performed using SpoTyping, and drug resistance mutations were identified with TB-Profiler and validated using Mykrobe. Virulence factors were detected through ABRicate and the Virulence Factor Database. STRING was used to network the virulent genes. All statistical analyses were performed using R software. This study revealed the most prevalent TB-lineage in the Amhara region was L4 (58.53%), followed by L3 (34.15%), and L1 (4.88%), and in silico spoligotyping classified 90.24% of the isolates into 12 shared types, with SIT 149 (41.46%) and SIT 21 (14.63%) as the most frequent spoligotypes. Seven major genotypic families were identified, with T3-ETH being the dominant family (48.78%). Drug resistance analysis revealed that 38 isolates (92.7%) were multidrug-resistant, and 1 (2.4%) was pre-extensively drug-resistant. Lineage 4 (59%) and its sub-lineage 4.2.2 (51.3%) show the highest resistance. The most frequent mutations to rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin, ethionamide, fluoroquinolone, and 2nd-line injectable drugs occurred at rpoB Ser450Leu, katG Ser315Thr, pncA c.-11A > G, embB Gly406Ala, rpsL Lys43Arg, Lys88Thr, ethA Met1, gyrA Ala90Val, Asp94Asn, and rrs 1401A > G, respectively. Additionally, a mutation at the mmpR5 gene for bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance occurred in one isolate. A total of 67 virulence genes were identified and 63 of them occurred in all isolates. The high prevalence of MDR-TB and the detection of resistance to both first- and second-line drugs in this study underscore the urgent need for enhanced TB control measures in the Amhara region.

PMID:40341578 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-01241-6

Adv Skin Wound Care. 2025 May 8. doi: 10.1097/ASW.0000000000000276. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic potential of procalcitonin in identifying osteomyelitis in patients with pressure injuries (PIs).

METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 21 patients with PIs from 2017 to 2022. Inflammatory markers (white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin) and radiologic images were analyzed to determine osteomyelitis presence. Patients were divided into osteomyelitis-positive and osteomyelitis-negative groups, with marker levels compared statistically.

RESULTS: Both C-reactive protein and procacitonin levels were significantly higher in the osteomyelitis group (Ps = .05). Elevated procalcitonin (>0.5) indicated a 10.67 times higher likelihood of osteomyelitis.

CONCLUSIONS: Procalcitonin may serve as a valuable marker for diagnosing osteomyelitis in patients with PIs, aiding in early detection and treatment planning. Further research with larger cohorts is needed to confirm its diagnostic and monitoring potential.

PMID:40341559 | DOI:10.1097/ASW.0000000000000276

Am J Ind Med. 2025 May 8. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23732. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem and the most common chronic liver disease today. In Korea, the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD are currently very high, causing a serious social burden. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been consistently implicated as a potential cause of NAFLD, but research in Koreans is limited.

METHODS: Using data from the 4th Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS, n = 2859), we investigated the association between PFAS blood levels and NAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the effects of PFAS. A mediation analysis was also conducted to examine the mediating effect of obesity. Finally, weighted quantile sum (WQS) and G-computation methods were implemented to evaluate the joint effect of PFAS mixtures. Hepatic steatosis index was used as a diagnostic tool for NAFLD.

RESULTS: Through multivariable logistic regression, statistically significant associations with NAFLD were observed for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (OR 1.09-1.39), perfluorooctansulfonate (PFOS) (1.09-1.40), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (1.04-1.22), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (1.12-1.42), and total PFAS (1.21-1.81). We also found that obesity was a significant mediator for PFOA, PFNA, and total PFAS. The ORs for NAFLD obtained by WQS and G-computation methods in the multivariable adjusted model were 1.10-1.46 and 1.08-1.32, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed a significant association between some PFAS and increased odds of NAFLD. Excessive exposure to PFAS might explain the high prevalence and incidence of chronic liver disease in Koreans. Long-term cohort studies are needed to assess geographic and occupational exposures in the Korean population.

PMID:40341549 | DOI:10.1002/ajim.23732