Pharmacoeconomics. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1007/s40273-025-01510-2. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:40488987 | DOI:10.1007/s40273-025-01510-2
J Endocrinol Invest. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1007/s40618-025-02594-5. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) provides a quantitative assessment of left ventricular systolic performance, including myocardial motion and deformation. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a reliable and sensitive indicator of systolic function, with clinical and prognostic value in various settings, including secondary hypertension. There is limited data on GLS evaluation in patients with non-functioning adrenal adenomas (NF), despite emerging evidence suggesting its association with subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction. Investigating the cardiac impact of NF is essential for understanding its role in early cardiac remodeling compared to primary aldosteronism (PA) and essential hypertension (EH).
OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the utility of GLS in detecting early cardiac dysfunction in patients with NF, PA, and EH without adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 33 patients with NF, 33 with PA, and 33 with EH, matched by gender and age. Speckle tracking echocardiography was used to assess the GLS of the left ventricle. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29.0, with a significance threshold set at P < 0.050.
RESULTS: The GLS in NF patients (-20.63 ± 3.10%) was significantly lower than in EH patients (-22.17 ± 3.03%) but higher than in PA patients (-18.55 ± 2.45%), despite NF patients having the lowest prevalence of hypertension and systolic blood pressure. GLS was significantly correlated with cortisol levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and ARR across all patient groups, highlighting the complex interplay between metabolic and hormonal factors in cardiac dysfunction.
CONCLUSION: Cardiac function impairment in NF patients lies between that observed in EH and PA patients, suggesting a nuanced impact of non-functioning adrenal adenomas on cardiac health.
PMID:40488985 | DOI:10.1007/s40618-025-02594-5
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Jun 9;57(5):250. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04505-5.
ABSTRACT
This study compared fertility and parturition parameters in Limousin (L) and Charolais (C) heifers to identify the breed most suitable for beef production. A total of 234 L and 76 C Hungarian-origin heifers, aged 9-11 months, were managed under standardized housing and feeding conditions at Dogan Farm. Parturitions were categorized based on the time of day (day: 07:00-19:00; night) and season (cold, cool, hot). Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA and Chi-square tests Results showed that C heifers required significantly more inseminations to conceive (C: 3.39 ± 0.22, L: 2.32 ± 0.10, P < 0.0001), indicating lower reproductive efficiency. Additionally, C calves were significantly heavier at birth than L calves (C: 46.1 ± 0.8 kg, L: 40.2 ± 0.3 kg, P < 0.0001), with male calves being generally heavier than females (M: 43.7 ± 0.5 kg, F: 39.5 ± 0.3 kg, P < 0.0001). The incidence of dystocia was higher in C heifers (63.16%) compared to L heifers (41.88%), while L heifers experienced greater parturition ease (58.12% vs. 36.84%; X2 = 10.4244, P < 0.0054).
PMID:40488966 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-025-04505-5
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1007/s40615-025-02503-9. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Prior to March 2024, Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) individuals in the United States (US) were overlooked in the health literature. This scoping review aims to clarify current knowledge across domains of physical and mental health conditions, risk factors, and preventive/screening behaviors among MENA populations. It also provides a road map for advancing MENA health research and enabling valid and reliable comparisons to the health of White and other minority populations.
METHODS: The authors adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines to compile the existing health research. They used PubMed®, EMBASE®, and CINAHL® with an end search date of July 5, 2023. The final search yielded 1826 records, of which 510 articles met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) were calculated.
FINDINGS: Approximately 79% of the studies collected primary data and 75% were cross-sectional. Thirty-eight percent of the studies included Somalis, 29% Iraqis, and 18% Syrians. Thirty-one percent of the studies were conducted in Michigan, 17% in Minnesota, and 11% in California. The conditions that received the most attention in each domain were stress and trauma (approximately 11% each), infectious diseases (9.2%), cancer screening (6.1%), and diet (4.5%).
CONCLUSIONS: This review lays the groundwork for more accurate representation, improved surveillance, and the development of targeted interventions that promote health equity for MENA populations. The findings underscore the need for all organizations that collect race and ethnicity data to integrate MENA-specific identifiers into their practice.
PMID:40488957 | DOI:10.1007/s40615-025-02503-9
Int Ophthalmol. 2025 Jun 9;45(1):235. doi: 10.1007/s10792-025-03613-3.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ocular allergy (OA) is a significant public health concern, but its prevalence remains underreported due to underdiagnosis. This study aims to determine the prevalence of OA among adults in Trinidad and Tobago.
METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to assess OA prevalence. Sociodemographic, environmental, and systemic characteristics of participants were also evaluated. Data was analyzed using SPSS with both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: A total of 591 participants completed the survey with majority (73.6%) as female and aged 18-24 years (50.1%). The overall prevalence of OA was 41.6% (95% CI, 37.2-45.0), with seasonal OA being the most common (80.1%). OA symptoms were most prevalent in spring (62.1%), with light sensitivity reported by 57.7% of participants. Bi-variable analysis identified asthma, allergic rhinitis, pollen allergy, and exposure to environmental factors such as cigarettes and air conditioning as associated with OA. Multivariable analysis confirmed these associations, with significant p-values for asthma (0.017), allergic rhinitis (0.035), pollen allergy (< 0.001), mite allergy (0.038), cigarettes (0.006), air conditioning (< 0.001), and OA awareness (< 0.001).
CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of OA among adults in Trinidad and Tobago, with systemic and environmental allergens playing a significant role. Interventions to reduce exposure to allergens, such as using indoor air filters and managing allergic conditions, could help mitigate OA prevalence. Regular assessment of patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma for OA is recommended.
PMID:40488956 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-025-03613-3
Lasers Med Sci. 2025 Jun 9;40(1):264. doi: 10.1007/s10103-025-04512-w.
ABSTRACT
Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) is associated with an increased risk of tooth decay, oral infections, halitosis, xerostomia, and impaired speaking and swallowing functions, leading to decreased quality of life. Several therapies have been used to increase saliva production, and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has shown promising results in treating SGH. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PBMT in SGH and changes in the quality of life of these patients. Eight patients diagnosed with SGH (salivary flow ≤ 0.2 mL/min) who were on continuous systemic medication underwent ten sessions of PBMT applied to the major salivary glands. A follow-up appointment was performed 45 days after the last session. The effect of PBMT was evaluated in terms of quality of life (XeQoLS) and dysphagia (EAT-10). The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze sialometry and questionnaire data. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The unstimulated whole saliva flow (UWSF) rate improved in the fifth and tenth PBMT sessions (p = 0.005; p = 0.003, respectively). This improvement was also present 45 days after therapy (p = 0.04), thus demonstrating a long-term effect of PBMT in SGH treatment. Thus, our study demonstrates the efficacy of PBMT in treating salivary gland hypofunction, with a significant and sustained increase in UWSF rate even after the end of treatment. These findings suggest that PBMT may effectively improve saliva production in patients diagnosed with salivary gland hypofunction, including those on continuous systemic medication.
PMID:40488944 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-025-04512-w
J Vector Borne Dis. 2025 Jun 10. doi: 10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_29_25. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Dengue fever is a significant public health challenge in India. This threat has been amplified by rapid urbanization. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns of dengue transmission, the influence of climate on dengue transmission, and predict future trends of dengue incidence in Dakshina Kannada from 2024 to 2026.
METHODS: The study used retrospective data from January 1, 2019, to April 30, 2024, and covered 288 locations in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. Data was collected in Excel and analyzed using Jamovi 2.3.28 for descriptive statistics. Time series analysis was performed in R version 4.4.0, while spatiotemporal clusters were identified using SaTScan V10.1.2 and visualized in QGIS version 3.30.0. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to identify climate factors affecting dengue cases. ARIMA models were employed for predictive forecasting of future dengue cases.
RESULTS: A total of 1,836 recorded dengue cases was retrieved from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) at the district level. The study identified significant spatiotemporal clusters of dengue cases, with the primary cluster occurring from May 1, 2022, to April 30, 2024. Climatic factors, particularly rainfall and temperature, showed significant correlations with dengue incidence. The ARIMA (3,1,1) (1,0,0) [12] model demonstrated robust forecasting capability for dengue cases, indicating a continuing upward trend, which appears to be influenced by seasonal patterns.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: Dengue transmission in Dakshina Kannada is significantly influenced by climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity. The ARIMA-based predictive modeling forecasted increased dengue cases in the coming years. These findings show the need for targeted public health interventions in identified hotspot areas, along with continuous climate-based surveillance to support timely and effective dengue control measures.
PMID:40485564 | DOI:10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_29_25
J Vector Borne Dis. 2025 Jun 10. doi: 10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_131_24. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Malaria is a global health issue, causing over two million deaths annually. The development of new and potent antimalarial drugs is essential to combat the disease. Machine learning has been increasingly applied to predict antimalarial activity of compounds, offering a promising approach for antimalarial pharmaceutical research. This study aims to predict the antimalarial activity of potential compounds using weighted atomic vectors and machine learning algorithms.
METHODS: The research employs several machine learning algorithms, such as Decision Tree, Bagging Regressor, and Ada Boost. The study uses weighted atomic vectors to represent compounds and employs machine learning algorithms for prediction. The performance of the models is assessed using metrics like R2, MAE, and RMSLE, statistical validation using Friedman and Wilcoxon Tests.
RESULTS: The results highlight the remarkable efficacy of Ada Boost in predicting antimalarial activity, consistently outperforming other algorithms across different datasets, achieving a maximum precision of 93.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: The combination of weighted atomic vectors and machine learning emerges as a promising approach for antimalarial pharmaceutical research, emphasizing the significance of artificial intelligence in this field.
PMID:40485561 | DOI:10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_131_24
Discov Med. 2025 Jun;37(197):984-993. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202537197.88.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Whether seizure presentation in patients afflicted with primary brain tumors (PBT) is associated with clinical prognosis remains an open question. We explore this association using the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD).
METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize prior studies focusing on the association between the presence of seizure and outcomes of PBT/brain metastases (BM). The statistical power of the study was defined as a function of the effect size. We identified 50,380 and 32,789 PBT and BM patients in the NRD (2010-2018), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to assess the risk of mortality and the related factors.
RESULTS: In a multivariable model accounting for known survival pertinent variables (age, gender, insurance status, income, hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, hospital features), the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of death for PBT patients who presented with seizures and underwent craniotomy was 0.67 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.52-0.86, p = 0.002] relative to those presented without seizures. The aOR of death for PBT patients who presented with seizures and underwent biopsy was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.30-1.00, p = 0.048) relative to those without seizures. This association was not observed for BM patients; the aOR of death for BMs who presented with seizures was 0.91 (p = 0.483) and 0.32 (p = 0.090) relative to those presented without seizures for craniotomy and biopsy patients, respectively. A comprehensive review of the literature showed that the predominance of the available studies supported the reported association.
CONCLUSIONS: We report an association between seizure at presentation and decreased mortality risk for PBT patients. The association was robust in both patients who underwent craniotomy as well as stereotactic needle biopsy but was not observed in BM patients.
PMID:40485516 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202537197.88
Curr Med Res Opin. 2025 Jun 9:1-16. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2025.2516147. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Quantification of myasthenia gravis (MG) symptom severity and treatment satisfaction could differ whether reported by patients or physicians. The study objective was to explore concordance between assessments of symptom severity, symptom troublesomeness, and treatment satisfaction by patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and their physicians.Methods: Data were from the Adelphi Real World MG Disease Specific Programme (DSP), a multinational (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom [UK], United States [US]), cross-sectional survey with retrospective chart review independently completed by physicians and their patients in 2020.Results: Across all patients and all symptoms, physician-patient concordance about symptom severity was moderate (Cohen’s Weighted Kappa [κ] statistic = 0.45). However, there was high variability, and when each of the 17 symptoms was examined individually, agreement was slight or fair (κ = 0.00-0.40). The proportion of physicians describing a given symptom as less severe than the patient ranged from 30.9-74.5%. There were many instances where a physician reported a symptom as absent, but the patient self-reported it as present (e.g. fatigue/tiredness: physician-reported absence in 42% of patients [of whom 11% self-reported mild, 17% moderate, 5% severe], muscle ache after activity: physician-reported absence in 58% of patients [of whom 12% self-reported mild, 10% moderate, 6% severe]. There was generally greater physician-patient concordance in recognizing patients’ most troublesome symptoms; agreement was poor (κ < 0) or slight/fair (κ = 0.00-0.40) for 6 symptoms and moderate/substantial (κ = 0.41-0.80) for 11. Physician-patient concordance regarding treatment satisfaction was fair (κ = 0.37), with physicians reporting higher satisfaction than patients in 36.6% of cases.Conclusions: Although some degree of physician-patient concordance was observed, there remained many patients reporting greater symptom severity and/or lower treatment satisfaction compared with physicians.
PMID:40485493 | DOI:10.1080/03007995.2025.2516147