Nevin Manimala

Clin Ter. 2025 May_Jun;176(3):336-343. doi: 10.7417/CT.2025.5231.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The pervasiveness of social media has led to a growing cause for concern regarding potential adverse effects that may stem from excessive social media usage, particularly in relation to its psychological effects. The authors in this study investigated problematic social media use and it’s predictors among emerging adults in the Indian context.

METHODS: We employed stratified cluster sampling technique in this cross-sectional study to select a sample of 204 students from government and private institutions. The inclusion criteria was specific to emerging adults aged 18 to 22 years. Tools included a proforma on socio-demographic data, the Social Media Disorder Scale and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. We examined the prevalence and predictors of problematic social media use from self-reports of emerging adults.

RESULTS: Prevalence of problematic social media use was measured at 7.8%. There was a negative correlation observed (r = -0.270, p<0.0001) between problematic social media use and self-esteem of the participants. Living in low-income households and signing up on a single social media platform were protective while lower age at initially signing up and and having a felt need for followers on social media networks increased the odds of problematic social media use.

CONCLUSION: Problematic social media use is inversely correlated with self-esteem of emerging adults. Characteristics of social media usage such as the age at signing up, the number of platforms signed up on and the need for followers significantly predicted problematic social media usage among emerging adults.

PMID:40525366 | DOI:10.7417/CT.2025.5231

Clin Ter. 2025 May_Jun;173(3):310-316. doi: 10.7417/CT.2025.5227.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the De Ritis ratio, which is cheaper and easily accessible compared to celiac antibodies, in the diagnosis of celiac disease and in predicting dietary compliance in follow-up.

MATERIAL AND METHODS.: 152 patients over 18 years of age who were diagnosed with celiac disease during a 4-year period in the gastroenterology department of a tertiary care regional hospital and 237 patients without celiac disease as control group were included. Endoscopy and pathology results, laboratory values and pre-diagnostic De Ritis ratios of both groups were compared. Patients with celiac disease were divided into 2 groups as diet-compliant and diet-incompliant. Laboratory values and De Ritis ratios of these 2 groups at diagnosis and at the end of the first year were compared.

RESULTS: There were 152 patients in the celiac group and 237 patients in the control group. AST (p<0.001) and AST/ALT mean value (p<0.001) were higher in the celiac patient group compared to the control group. AST/ALT ratio at the time of diagnosis was similar to the AST/ALT ratio at the end of first year in the diet non-compliant group, but the difference between them was not statistically significant (p=0.945). However, AST/ALT ratio at the end of the first year in diet-compliant celiac patient group was lower than at the time of diagnosis (1.17; 1.02, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: De Ritis ratio may be a promising inexpensive, simple and easily accessible candidate to help clinicians differentiate Celiac disease and assess disease activity and dietary adherence.

PMID:40525362 | DOI:10.7417/CT.2025.5227

Clin Ter. 2025 May_Jun;176(3):301-309. doi: 10.7417/CT.2025.5226.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) and pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) reportedly exhibit variations in outcomes and treatment. This study aimed to investigate whether histogram analysis (HA) of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) imaging using a manually segmented three-dimensional (3D) volume of interest (VOI), excluding cystic or necrotic portions, could demonstrate a higher correlation with the tumor characteristics than an entire tumor VOI, therefore could improve the preoperative evaluation of supratentorial pediatric gliomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a current prospective study, 31 pediatric patients with pathologically-confirmed gliomas who underwent baseline DWI were enrolled. The patients were classified by histopathology according to tumoral grade: 15 had pLGGs and 16 had pHGGs. Tumoral VOIs were calculated and transferred to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Histogram analysis (HA) was performed to determine mean, maximum (max), minimum (min), kurtosis, skewness, entropy, standard deviation (SD), mean of positive pixels (MPP), and uniformity of positive pixel (UPP) values for ADC. Comparisons of the values of each ADC parameter within the entire tumoral VOIs (VOI 1) and the tumoral VOIs excluding cystic or necrotic portions (VOI 2) were performed.

RESULTS: In VOI 1 placement, ADCmin and rADCmin were significantly lower in pHGG compared with pLGG with p = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively. In VOI 2 placement, ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADCmin, ADC MPP, rADCmean, rADCmedian, rADCmin and rADC MPP were significantly lower in pHGG compared with pLGG with p < 0.001. The HA parameters and the ratio of HA parameters of peritumoral edema were not statistically significant difference between LGG and HGG groups with p < 0.05. In VOI 1 placement, the ratio of ADCmin had higher diagnostic ability (AUC = 0.838) compared with ADCmin (AUC = 0.800). In VOI 2 placement, ADCmin had highest diagnostic ability with AUC = 0.904. The optimal cut-off for ADCmin was 587×10-6 mm2/s with Se of 93.3%, Sp of 81.2% and Youden index of 0.746. Other parameters such as ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC MPP, rADCmin, rADC mean, rADCmedian and rADC MPP also showed higher AUC values compared with AUC values in VOI 1 placement.

CONCLUSION: The HA parameters showed value in grading pediatric gliomas. Excluding cystic and necrotic portions from the entire tumor in measuring HA parameters had higher diagnostic value than the entire tumor VOI method. By using this segmentation, ADCmin had the highest performance in the prediction of histological glioma grading, followed by ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC MPP, rADCmin, rADC mean, rADCmedian and rADC MPP.

PMID:40525361 | DOI:10.7417/CT.2025.5226

J Prim Care Community Health. 2025 Jan-Dec;16:21501319251346417. doi: 10.1177/21501319251346417. Epub 2025 Jun 17.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Surgery-induced losses in physical fitness may have detrimental consequences for patients with low reserve capacity at start. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of preoperative exercise on physical fitness in older patients with low physical fitness scheduled for colorectal cancer surgery.

METHODS: In this randomized, controlled trial, patients ≥65 years of age, who were scheduled for colorectal cancer surgery were included if they had a low maximal walking speed. Exercise for 2 to 3 weeks before surgery was home-based, high-intensity, and partly supervised by a primary care physiotherapist. The intervention consisted of inspiratory muscle training, aerobic, and strength exercises. A control group underwent usual preoperative care. Physical fitness was assessed with the 6-min walk test (primary outcome), the 30-s chair stand test and maximal inspiratory pressure which estimates inspiratory muscle strength (secondary outcomes). The effect of preoperative exercise on these outcomes before and after surgery was analyzed with linear mixed-models for the 6-min walk test and maximal inspiratory pressure and with a non-parametric Friedman rank sum test for the 30-s chair stand test. To evaluate adherence, physical activity was measured and compared for both groups.

RESULTS: A total of 52 participants were included. Analyses showed a statistically significant effect of preoperative exercise on postoperative inspiratory muscle strength. We did not find an effect of preoperative exercise on 6-min walk test or 30-s chair stand test performance. Regarding preoperative physical activity, the intervention group engaged more in high-intensity physical activity in relation to their total stepping time compared to the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: Short-term exercise before colorectal cancer surgery can provide benefits in terms of increased postoperative inspiratory muscle strength in older patients with low physical fitness. While we could not demonstrate an effect of preoperative exercise on any other outcomes, these results should be interpreted with caution due to a small sample size.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, identification number: NCT04878185, URL: Study Details | Optimizing Physical Function Before Cancer Surgery in Older People at Risk | ClinicalTrials.gov.

PMID:40525350 | DOI:10.1177/21501319251346417

Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Jun;41(6):531-535.

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the causal relationship between serum total bile acid (TBA) levels and gastric cancer (GC) using regression discontinuity design (RDD). Methods A total of 1244 GC patients and 1333 healthy controls were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, gallbladder disease history, tumor markers, and serum TBA levels were collected from both groups. Logistic regression was used to construct a risk prediction model to estimate the risk of GC. RDD was employed with serum TBA as the grouping variable and the individual risk of developing GC as the outcome variable. Results The predictive factors in the GC risk prediction model included age, sex, body mass index(BMI), serum TBA, carcinoembryoniv antigen(CEA), alpha fetoprotein(AFP), carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199), and CA125. Serum TBA was identified as an independent risk factor for GC (OR=1.054, 95% CI: 1.030 to 1.079). RDD analysis indicated that when serum TBA levels reached 8 μmol/L, the probability of developing GC increased sharply by 23.7%. The breakpoint remained statistically significant following validity and robustness assessments. Conclusion The study demonstrates a positive causal relationship between serum TBA levels and GC, when the serum TBA level reaches 8 μmol/L, the risk of an individual developing GC increases sharply.

PMID:40525341

J Prim Care Community Health. 2025 Jan-Dec;16:21501319251346102. doi: 10.1177/21501319251346102. Epub 2025 Jun 17.

ABSTRACT

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have lasting effects into adulthood. This study examines the relationship between ACEs and the frequency of substance use among high school students in the United States. Data were drawn from the 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative survey of high school students. A cumulative ACE score was calculated based on 8 self-reported lifetime experiences. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between cumulative ACEs and substance use (alcohol, binge drinking, cannabis, and e-cigarettes). A significant positive association was found between cumulative ACEs and substance use. Higher ACE scores were associated with greater odds of substance use across all categories. Specifically, cumulative ACEs were associated with more frequent alcohol use (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.48, 2.43), binge drinking (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.40, 2.05), cannabis use (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.65, 1.99), and e-cigarette use (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.78, 2.00). Similar results were observed for occasional alcohol use (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.31-1.66), binge drinking (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.36-1.72), cannabis use (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.01-1.57), and e-cigarette use (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.32-1.94). This study highlights the significant associations between ACEs and substance use behaviors among adolescents. Addressing ACEs through comprehensive strategies, such as fostering supportive relationships, may be beneficial and promote healthier development.

PMID:40525333 | DOI:10.1177/21501319251346102

J Prim Care Community Health. 2025 Jan-Dec;16:21501319251346702. doi: 10.1177/21501319251346702. Epub 2025 Jun 17.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Effective hypertension management requires long-term lifestyle and medication adherence facilitated by regular physician. Higher continuity of care (CoC) is postulated to lead to better outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: This study compares health outcomes of patients with hypertension receiving CoC from single family physicians over 5-year period with those treated by multiple physicians.

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records from multi-ethnic Asian adults with hypertension and other non-communicable diseases. Patients managed in Family Physician Clinic (FPC) across 7 Singapore public primary care polyclinics from 2015 to 2019 were propensity scores matched with those treated by multiple physicians in General Clinic (GC) of the same polyclinics. CoC Index (COCI), health outcomes including blood pressure (BP), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), cardiovascular complications and preventive measures were compared until 2021.

RESULTS: Analysis of 6520 patients (mean age 64.8 years, 56% female, 76% Chinese) showed FPC cohort had higher COCI (mean = 0.432 vs 0.073; P < .001). This was associated with further reduction in diastolic BP of 0.13 mmHg (P < .001) and LDL-C levels of 0.01 mmol/L (P = .001) per year faster than in GC, with higher proportion of patients meeting LDL-C targets (74.1% vs 68.0%; P < .001) in 2021. FPC cohort also showed greater influenza (OR = 2.88; P < .001) and pneumococcal (OR = 1.34; P < .001) vaccinations uptake. Subgroup analysis of patients with diabetes indicated better diabetic foot screening completion (OR = 1.34; P < .001). No significant improvement was found in systolic BP or cardiovascular complications.

CONCLUSION: Higher CoC in FPC led to clinically relevant improvement in LDL-C and vaccination, but not BP or cardiovascular complication rates.

PMID:40525332 | DOI:10.1177/21501319251346702

Head Neck. 2025 Jun 17. doi: 10.1002/hed.28215. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Time/resource constraints might preclude a randomized controlled trial. Single-arm oncology trials with historical controls are an alternative. With causal inference, treatment effect estimates can be computed in the absence of randomization.

METHODS: From a single-arm trial of 39 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with adjuvant nivolumab, we compare 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) to untreated historical controls. We resort to the potential outcomes framework known as Rubin’s causal model (RCM). For time-to-event outcomes, RCM relies upon survival analysis regression with baseline covariates. We contrast the average treatment effect (ATE) estimated by three survival methods: Cox proportional hazards (CPH) versus machine learning alternatives, random survival forests (RSF), and Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART).

RESULTS: The ATE in favor of nivolumab: CPH 0.202 (0.098-0.306); RSF 0.159 (0.070-0.248); and BART 0.268 (0.126-0.406).

CONCLUSIONS: The uncertainty is considerable, yet all three methods show nivolumab is superior to control.

PMID:40525328 | DOI:10.1002/hed.28215

Eur J Ophthalmol. 2025 Jun 17:11206721251349867. doi: 10.1177/11206721251349867. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundMitochondrial genes regulate lipid metabolism and both are associated with the pathology of glaucoma. Here, we studied the genetic association of mitochondrial genes involved in lipid metabolic pathways with glaucoma and its ocular quantitative traits (QTs).MethodsPolymerase chain reaction based direct sequencing followed by MITOMAP analysis was performed for NADH (MT-ND1, MT-ND2, MT-ND5 and MT-ND6); Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase (MT-ATPase6) and Cytochrome B subunit (MT-CYB) genes in Primary Open angle glaucoma (POAG), closed angle glaucoma (PACG) patients (N = 50 in each group) and unrelated healthy controls (N = 150). The effect of variations on protein stability was analyzed in Dynamut2 and I-Mutant2.0 server. Linear regression analysis was performed for the association of mtDNA variations with QTs.ResultsWe observed 57% of unique segregating sites in patients, that were comparatively higher in MT-ND6 gene. Six common mtSNPs were statistically significant and further associated with VCDR [(m.13469T > A (MT-ND5), m.8860A > G (MT-ATPase6), m.15326A > G (MT-CYB)]. Insilico analysis showed that the disease associated variations in MT-ND5 and MT-ND6 genes decreased protein stability and loss of hydrophobic interaction. Gene expression analysis showed a higher connectivity for MT-ND5 gene with SORT1 and TMBIM6 gene.ConclusionOur results showed a significantly higher mutation rate in MT–ND6, MT-CYB and NT-ND5 genes in patients and also suggested a possible association between the mtSNPs and QTs. Lack of functional studies and insufficient lipid profile data to validate the study results limits the study findings and are to be addressed further in an increased sample size.

PMID:40525318 | DOI:10.1177/11206721251349867

Brain Behav. 2025 Jun;15(6):e70635. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70635.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study aims to determine the effects of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) on sexual dysfunction and self-care in women diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).

METHOD: This study was conducted using a pretest-posttest experimental design, including follow-up assessments to evaluate the sustainability of the intervention effects. The sample consisted of 16 women aged between 19 and 49 years who were diagnosed with MS and presented to the neurology clinic of a university hospital in Türkiye between October 2023 and September 2024. Data collection instruments included the Personal Information Form (PIF), Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19), and Self-Care Management Process in Chronic Illness (SCMP-G). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze changes in sexuality and self-care over time. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Participants received two EFT sessions per month, each lasting 60 min, together with affirmation sessions conducted at least twice a week for 10-15 min. The mean scores of all subdimensions of the MSISQ-19 reached the lowest levels by the seventh week following EFT intervention, with significant differences between time points (p < 0.05). Even though an improvement was observed in the social protection dimension of self-care, the mean scores for the self-protection subdimension decreased.

CONCLUSION: The application of EFT demonstrated positive effects on sexual functioning and self-care levels in women with MS. Therefore, EFT can be integrated into the holistic care processes of patients with MS.

PMID:40525294 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.70635