Nevin Manimala

Front Public Health. 2026 Jul 13;14:1789969. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1789969. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Despite growing evidence on the association between peer relationships and academic burnout among left-behind children, the underlying psychological mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study targeted rural left-behind children experiencing moderate to high academic burnout, and aimed to explore the serial mediating roles of social support and cognitive reappraisal in the relationship between peer relationships and academic burnout among this high-risk vulnerable group.

METHODS: This study employed a cross-sectional design, recruiting a total of 888 eligible rural left-behind children after excluding participants with low academic burnout as participants. All participants completed the Peer Relationship Scale, the Academic Burnout Scale, the Social Support Scale, and the Cognitive Reappraisal subscale of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0, Amos 29.0, and the PROCESS macro.

RESULTS: Regression analysis confirmed a significant negative correlational association between peer relationships and academic burnout (β = -0.325, p < 0.001). Further mediation analyses identified significant statistical correlational pathways linking these variables: this cross-sectional association was transmitted not only through the significant independent correlational pathway roles of social support [β = -0.132, 95% CI (-0.188, -0.078)] and cognitive reappraisal [β = -0.075, 95% CI (-0.116, -0.041)], but also, critically, through the correlational linkage of cognitive reappraisal specifically between social support and academic burnout. These pathways converged into a significant chain mediation correlational effect from social support to cognitive reappraisal [β = -0.022, 95% CI (-0.037, -0.009)].

CONCLUSION: Among rural left-behind children with moderate-to-high academic burnout, peer relationships negatively affect academic burnout via the independent and serial mediating roles of social support and cognitive reappraisal, with social support exerting a stronger mediating effect.

PMID:42517112 | PMC:PMC13402382 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1789969

Front Public Health. 2026 Jul 13;14:1847173. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1847173. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Occupational health examinations have long relied on conventional health classes to assess worker health status. However, individuals within the same examination class may differ substantially in risk sources, pathophysiological background, and potential progression patterns. This study aimed to determine whether stable hidden health subtypes exist beyond conventional occupational health classifications in a large real-world cohort and to evaluate the utility of graph-enhanced deep representation learning for subtype discovery and biomedical interpretation.

METHODS: We included 63,988 occupational health examination records collected from five organizational units between 2022 and 2025. A standardized master dataset was constructed by harmonizing anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, liver function, kidney function, inflammatory markers, and vascular-related indicators. We first established a benchmark panel including conventional statistical models, tree-based models, and neural network models. We then developed a domain-aware prototype tabular network (DAPTN) and its graph-enhanced variant (Graph-DAPTN) to learn individual-level latent health representations, prototype distances, and hidden subtype structure. The identified subtypes were further interpreted in terms of clinical abnormality burden, risk gradients, temporal drift, and cross-domain stability.

RESULTS: The cohort exhibited substantial heterogeneity across units and years, as well as strong coupling among biomedical indicators. Linear models showed limited performance in capturing complex occupational health phenotypes, whereas nonlinear models performed better overall. In subtype-discovery validation, Graph-DAPTN showed stronger cluster separation and class-subtype concordance than several conventional baselines. Based on this representation, six clinically interpretable hidden subtypes were identified beyond conventional health classes: resilient-healthy, hepato-inflammatory, uric-metabolic, gluco-lipotoxic, hypertensive-homocysteine, and ageing-vascular. These subtypes showed distinct abnormality spectra in glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, liver enzymes, uric acid, homocysteine, and inflammatory burden, and their distributions varied across years and organizational units.

CONCLUSION: Conventional health classes in occupational health examinations do not fully capture the underlying heterogeneity of worker health status. Graph-enhanced deep representation learning can improve health-state modeling while identifying clinically meaningful hidden subtypes beneath routine classification. These findings may support more refined risk stratification, key-population screening, and unit-level health intervention planning in occupational health practice.

PMID:42517104 | PMC:PMC13402512 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1847173

Front Public Health. 2026 Jul 13;14:1880962. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1880962. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the longitudinal dynamic relationships among frailty, depression, and self-perceptions of aging in community-dwelling older adults, to analyze the mediating role of depression between frailty and aging cognition, and to provide a theoretical basis for physical and mental health interventions for this population.

METHODS: A longitudinal follow-up research design was adopted, involving three waves of surveys (T1, T2, T3) conducted with 286 community-dwelling older adults. Assessments were performed using the Frailty Phenotype, a depression scale, and a brief version of the Self-Perceptions of Aging Scale. SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, while Mplus 8.3 was employed to construct cross-lagged panel models. Covariates such as age, gender, education level, the number of chronic diseases, and cognitive function were controlled.

RESULTS: The cross-lagged panel model demonstrated good fit indices. With the exception of baseline (T1) self-perceptions of aging not significantly predicting the midterm (T2) level, all other core variables exhibited significant temporal stability. Controlling for autoregressive effects and covariates, significant bidirectional predictive relationships emerged: T1 frailty significantly predicted T2 depression, and T2 depression significantly predicted T3 frailty; T1 depression significantly predicted T2 self-perceptions of aging, and T2 self-perceptions of aging significantly predicted T3 depression. Furthermore, the direct predictive path from frailty to self-perceptions of aging was not significant, suggesting that depression may constitute an indirect pathway linking frailty and self-perceptions of aging.

CONCLUSION: This study supports a dynamic psychosomatic interaction pattern among frailty, depression, and self-perceptions of aging in community-dwelling older adults. Depression serves as a core hub connecting physiological frailty and subjective aging cognition. The findings support the Psychosomatic Interaction Theory (PIT) and Stereotype Embodiment Theory (SET). These results suggest that community nursing practice should emphasize early screening and intervention for depressive symptoms. Targeting this potentially important depressive pathway may help interrupt the adverse cycle of “physiological frailty – psychological depression – negative aging cognition” among older adults can be disrupted.

PMID:42517102 | PMC:PMC13402109 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1880962

Front Public Health. 2026 Jul 13;14:1807338. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1807338. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Health-seeking behaviors directly affect migrant adolescents’ access to healthcare, health outcomes, and social integration. The aim of this study is determine the effect of acculturation on health-seeking behaviors in adolescent migrants aged 16-18 years.

METHODS: This descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study was conducted with 272 migrant adolescents, selected using convenience sampling, who completed the Individual Identity Form, the Health-Seeking Behavior Scale (HSBS) and the Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA). Data were collected between April 2023-April 2024 and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.

RESULTS: Traditional health-seeking behavior and VIA core culture orientation had higher mean scores. mainstream culture orientation had positive and significant effect on health seeking behavior (p = 0.044).

CONCLUSION: Educated, socially secure, living mostly in cities with their nuclear families, and with income equal to expenditure, adolescent migrants scored significantly higher on the health-seeking behavior scale. These relationships revealed that cultural orientations have a significant effect on health seeking behaviors. Future studies with larger, diverse samples are recommended.

PMID:42517099 | PMC:PMC13402520 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1807338

Front Public Health. 2026 Jul 13;14:1876948. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1876948. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of acute and long-term exercise interventions on executive functions (inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility) in college students, and to explore the moderating roles of measurement paradigms, exercise dosage, and scoring methods.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang from database inception to March 5, 2026, for randomized controlled trials on exercise interventions for executive function in college students. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane ROB 2 tool. Meta-analyses were performed using Stata 17.0, with either fixed-effect or random-effect models selected based on heterogeneity.

RESULTS: A total of 16 randomized controlled trials involving 868 college students were included. Acute exercise interventions significantly improved inhibitory control (g = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.95) and cognitive flexibility (g = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.23, 1.39), but the improvement in working memory did not reach statistical significance (g = 0.10, 95% CI: -0.21, 0.42). Long-term exercise interventions significantly improved inhibitory control (g = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.70) and working memory (g = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.78), whereas the effect size for cognitive flexibility was small and not statistically significant (g = 0.25, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.55). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of exercise interventions on subcomponents of executive function varied according to measurement paradigms, exercise dosage (duration, frequency, period, intensity), and scoring methods.

CONCLUSION: Acute and long-term exercise show distinct patterns of improving executive functions in college students. Acute exercise significantly enhances cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control but has limited effects on working memory. Long-term exercise significantly enhances inhibitory control and working memory but shows no significant effect on cognitive flexibility.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, identifier CRD420261364227.

PMID:42517095 | PMC:PMC13402466 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1876948

Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2026 Jul 28:qcag122. doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcag122. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Accurate risk stratification for patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease (3VD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains important in contemporary practice. SYNTAX-based mortality prediction models require reassessment in modern PCI populations.

METHODS: This post-hoc analysis of the Multivessel TALENT trial evaluated the core and extended logistic clinical SYNTAX Score (LCSS) for predicting 1-year all-cause mortality. Discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration using calibration intercept, calibration slope, graphical calibration, and the E-statistic. Prediction scores were calculated within each of 20 imputed datasets, with model performance evaluated within each imputation and summarised across imputations. Intercept-and-slope recalibration and decision curve analysis were also performed.

RESULTS: At 1 year, 46 (3.0%) of 1,548 enrolled patients had died. The pooled AUCs were 0.716 for the LCSS core model and 0.744 for the extended model, compared with 0.629 for the anatomical SYNTAX Score and 0.632 for the functional SYNTAX Score. LCSS models systematically overestimated absolute risk, although observed mortality increased across predicted-risk quintiles. Decision curve analysis showed a positive net benefit for the original and recalibrated LCSS models across threshold probabilities of 1% to 10%, with numerically higher net benefit for the recalibrated extended model across much of the evaluated threshold range.

CONCLUSION: In contemporary PCI for 3VD, the LCSS showed moderate discrimination for 1-year all-cause mortality while overestimating its absolute risk. Recalibration improved agreement with observed risk in this cohort and may inform future validation and model refinement.

PMID:42509586 | DOI:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcag122

Asian J Anesthesiol. 2025 Jun 1;63(2):70-79. doi: 10.6859/aja.202506_63(2).0004.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) is an emerging practice in cancer care, providing adequate analgesia with reduced side effects. The objective of the study is to evaluate whether ketamine can replace morphine for performing OFA by assessing the acute pain relief achieved and to evaluate its effect on chronic pain.

METHODS: A total of 182 women undergoing modified radical mastectomy were recruited and randomized into the morphine group and the ketamine group. Participants in the morphine group received 0.05 mg/kg morphine 20 minutes before induction, and those in the ketamine group received 0.40 mg/kg bolus and 1.00 mg/kg/hour ketamine infusion until axillary dissection. The numerical rating pain scale (NRS) at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postsurgery was recorded, and the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R) was filled out the next day. The chronic pain score at 3 and 6 months after surgery was noted.

RESULTS: The mean NRS at 24 hours was 2.385 ± 0.965 in the ketamine group and 2.240 ± 0.996 in the morphine group (P = 0.336). The APS-POQ-R showed that, on average, patients in the ketamine group and the morphine group experienced moderate to severe pain for and 28.00% and 27.72% of the time in a day, respectively, and rescue analgesia usage was also comparable. The incidence of chronic pain was 28.9% and 21.2% (P = 0.31) at 3 months and 32.1% and 21.2 % (P = 0.19) at 6 months in the ketamine group and the morphine group, respectively, and not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that both ketamine and morphine provided similar levels of acute pain relief during the procedure, with no significant difference in pain outcomes between the two groups. These findings suggest that ketamine may be a viable alternative to morphine in the management of pain during OFA, with similar efficacy in both acute and chronic pain relief.

PMID:42509583 | DOI:10.6859/aja.202506_63(2).0004

Plant Methods. 2026 Jul 27;22(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s13007-026-01577-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Covered smut in barley caused by Ustilago hordei leads to yield reduction and quality loss of stored grains and is especially challenging in organic production. However, screening for resistance remains challenging. The goal of our research was to evaluate protocols for screening covered smut in barley under normal and speed breeding conditions that could be scaled up for breeding purposes. We considered favorable pathogen growth conditions, a sufficient sample size to detect differences among genotypes through a power analysis, sources of disease escape or avoidance, and the infection effect on agronomic traits.

RESULTS: In the first experiment, twenty genotypes treated with various inoculum concentrations were screened for disease incidence under a speed breeding system. Generally, low infection levels were found, likely due to disease escape or avoidance. Based on a power analysis, we modified the protocol to include more plants and improved pathogen growth conditions under a normal greenhouse system. With the modified protocol, the incidence of covered smut was significantly different among genotypes. The protocol also reduced the number of plants required to detect at least one infected plant. Artificial inoculation significantly decreased germination rates while head emergence, days to heading, and plant height were affected by disease infection in the most susceptible genotypes. We also found that covered smut incidence varied with tiller emergence order. The genotypes ‘DH160779′ (RES check), PI 270630’, ‘CIho15270’, and ‘MTV-color-158’ presented potential resistance to covered smut.

CONCLUSION: The protocol has a high power to differentiate moderately resistant barley genotypes and we confirmed that specific agronomic traits were affected by disease incidence in susceptible genotypes.

PMID:42509569 | DOI:10.1186/s13007-026-01577-8

Parasit Vectors. 2026 Jul 24;19(1):303. doi: 10.1186/s13071-026-07529-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Four studies investigated the efficacy of fluralaner/moxidectin/pyrantel chewable tablets (Bravecto® TriUNO) in preventing and treating canine angiostrongylosis; one study also included a formulation of fluralaner/milbemycin oxime.

METHODS: Studies included eight or 10 dogs/group. In Studies 1 and 2 (prevention), dogs inoculated with third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum on day – 31 or – 28 were randomized to groups by sex and body weight; in Studies 3 and 4 (treatment) by faecal first-stage larvae counts at approximately 8 weeks post-inoculation (PI). All studies included an untreated control group (CG). Study 1 included three groups treated with formulations of moxidectin/fluralaner/pyrantel; minimum moxidectin doses 0.0125, 0.025 or 0.055 mg/kg. The formulation with moxidectin at 0.025 mg/kg, 99.0% effective in preventing establishment of infection, was adopted as the investigational veterinary product (IVP) for the following studies. Study 2 included a group treated with either the IVP or a combination of fluralaner (10 mg/kg) with milbemycin oxime (0.75 mg/kg) (IVP-2). In all studies, the IVP was administered once on day 0; in Study 2, IVP-2 was administered on days 0, 31, 62 and 93. In Study 1, efficacy was determined by reductions in geometric mean necropsy worm counts approximately 33 days post-treatment versus mean CG counts, in the other studies by reductions in mean faecal L1 counts. Study 2 assessed pulmonary changes via thoracic computed tomography. Respiratory signs and serological antibody responses were monitored.

RESULTS: In Study 1, all moxidectin doses exceeded 90% efficacy. In Study 2, IVP efficacy (one treatment) at 62 days was 100.0%; IVP-2 (four treatments) efficacy was 99.8% at 124 days. Respiratory signs were absent or lower in IVP-treated than CG dogs. In Studies 3 and 4, IVP efficacy was 100% by 3 and 4 weeks post-treatment, respectively. In all studies, lungworm count reductions in the IVP groups were statistically significant (P < 0.0001) versus the CG. Serology confirmed A. vasorum infections in all control and IVP-2-treated dogs, and absence of infections in IVP-treated dogs. Treatments were well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS: A single treatment with Bravecto TriUNO is highly effective in preventing angiostrongylosis and eliminating established A. vasorum infections. Infection-related lung pathology was reduced in treated dogs.

PMID:42509566 | DOI:10.1186/s13071-026-07529-4

Genome Biol. 2026 Jul 27;27(1):242. doi: 10.1186/s13059-026-04182-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: RNA velocity provides a powerful framework for inferring cellular dynamics from single-cell RNA sequencing data. The rapid proliferation of computational methods within this field has prompted a need for systematic evaluation. However, existing comparisons often suffer from limited scope or incomplete task design, leaving users without clear guidance. Consequently, there is a lack of a comprehensive and standardized benchmark that evaluates methods across diverse biological and technical scenarios using appropriate, context-specific metrics.

RESULTS: In this study, we present a comprehensive benchmark of 19 computational RNA velocity tools covering 30 distinct methods. We systematically evaluate 25 RNA-only methods across eight evaluation tasks, designating directional consistency, temporal precision, negative control robustness, and sequencing depth stability as core tasks, while assessing five multimodal-enhanced methods specifically on the multimodal integration task. These assessments utilize 34 datasets spanning 26 real-world and eight simulated scenarios. Our results reveal a clear trade-off between directional consistency and negative control robustness, distinct group-wise behaviors across temporal modeling strategies, and variability driven by sequencing depth and quantification choices. This study also identifies several methodological gaps, including the need for improved modeling of gene dependence, more accurate temporal inference strategies, and better-designed multimodal architectures.

CONCLUSIONS: This benchmark establishes a unified framework for evaluating RNA velocity methods. Crucially, we provide task-aware guidance to facilitate method selection based on specific biological contexts and technical constraints, rather than relying on a single overall ranking.

PMID:42509564 | DOI:10.1186/s13059-026-04182-z