Nevin Manimala

JAMA Dermatol. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.1190. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. Risk factors for developing HS (eg smoking and obesity) are influenced by social drivers of health at the neighborhood level. However, the association of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (nSES) and HS has not been adequately assessed.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of nSES with new HS diagnoses among dermatology patients within a single health system.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study of patients of the dermatology clinics at the University of California San Francisco health system between August 1, 2019, and May 31, 2024, who were also residents of the San Francisco Bay Area at index visit. Data analyses were performed from June 1, 2024, to February 11, 2025.

EXPOSURE: Census tract-level index measure of nSES that incorporated income, poverty, housing cost, rental cost, education, occupation, and employment. Quintiles of nSES were assigned based on nSES distribution in the San Francisco Bay Area counties.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A new HS diagnosis during the study period, identified by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code, and confirmed by medical record review. Logistic regression models were constructed and fit by generalized estimating equations accounting for clustering by census tract with nSES quintile as the primary exposure (reference used was quintile 5, the highest nSES quintile); new HS diagnosis as the binary outcome; and age, sex, and race and ethnicity as confounders. In secondary analyses, smoking status, obesity, and health insurance type were assessed as possible mediators.

RESULTS: The analyses included a total of 65 766 patients (mean [SD] age, 50.4 [18.3] years; 41.8% female), of whom 485 (0.7%) had a new HS diagnosis. Greater odds of a new HS diagnosis were observed in lower-SES neighborhoods (Q1-Q4)-after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity, odds ratio for Q1 was 3.32 (95% CI, 2.46-4.49); Q2, 2.25 (95% CI, 1.62-3.12); Q3, 1.97 (95% CI, 1.46-2.66); and Q4, 1.44 (95% CI, 1.06-1.96) (P <.001 [linear trend]). In race-stratified analyses, greater odds of a new HS diagnosis were observed among patients residing in lower-SES neighborhoods, although this pattern did not reach statistical significance at the 5% level in all racial and ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cross-sectional study found that nSES was independently associated with a new diagnosis of HS among dermatology patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that neighborhood-level factors may influence the development of HS.

PMID:40366644 | DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.1190

J Urban Health. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1007/s11524-025-00977-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Few existing data sources quantify the magnitude of court-ordered and illegal residential evictions, among historically marginalized groups. We describe the Social Epidemiology to Combat Unjust Residential Evictions (SECURE) Study (2021-2024; n = 1,428; 91.1% response rate) methodology and participant characteristics. Univariable and multivariable statistics including Spearman correlations were used to describe data. Unadjusted and adjusted modified Poisson regression with robust error variance estimated relative risk (RR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between five eviction measures and self-rated health (SRH), and self-rated health relative to most similarly aged peers (RSRH). A quarter of the participants reported experiencing an eviction as a child (n = 354). Over half of the study sample reported ever experiencing a court-ordered (n = 432) and/or an illegal eviction (n = 360). In the past 2 years, 15.2% of the sample reported experiencing a court-ordered (n = 122) and/or illegal eviction (n = 95). Eviction during childhood, and ever experiencing both court-ordered and/or illegal eviction was associated with between 12 and 17% higher risk of poor SRH, and childhood eviction and ever experiencing illegal eviction was associated with between 34 and 37% higher risk of worse RSRH among reproductive age Black women. More community-partnered research using participatory action research methods are needed to understand and intervene upon the health impacts of residential evictions among disproportionately impacted groups.

PMID:40366613 | DOI:10.1007/s11524-025-00977-w

Eur J Epidemiol. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1007/s10654-025-01236-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) management has advanced due to increased imaging-based diagnoses and improved therapies for metastatic disease. This nationwide registry-based cohort study examines changes in the number of primary RCC cases, stage at diagnosis, prognosis during the past 30 years in Denmark, and how these are associated with sex and age. All Danish patients aged 18 and older diagnosed with primary RCC from 1992 to 2021 with no prior cancer history (except non-melanoma skin cancer) were included and followed from diagnosis until death or end of follow-up (31-12-2023). Statistical analyses included Pearson’s χ2, Cramer’s V, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis, competing risk regression, Cox proportional hazard regression, and Kaplan-Meier. 17,423 RCC patients were identified. Primary RCC cases increased from 2,244 in 1992-1996 to 3,947 in 2017-2021. In this period, the proportion of male patients increased from 59 to 72% (P < 0.001). Male patients were younger at diagnosis than female patients (median age 65 vs. 69 years, P < 0.001). Localized cancer cases increased from 44% (N = 983) in 1992-1996 to 70% (N = 2,766) in 2017-2021, while metastatic cases declined from 29% (N = 640) to 17% (N = 652). Median survival for metastatic RCC improved from 4.1 months in 1992-1996 to 13.3 months in 2017-2021. Over three decades, RCC incidence in Denmark has grown, particularly among men, largely due to localized disease, adding pressure on urological departments. The number of metastatic cases remained stable, but survival improved, reflecting advances in early detection and treatment.

PMID:40366611 | DOI:10.1007/s10654-025-01236-7

Eur J Epidemiol. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1007/s10654-025-01227-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to air pollutants and road traffic noise triggers stress responses, which mediate physiological responses in multiple organs and tissues. However, epidemiological study in children is sparse. We aimed to evaluate whether outdoor air pollution and road traffic noise are associated with physiological response measured by allostatic load in children. We studied 919 children aged 6-11 years from the HELIX (Human Early Life Exposome) cohort in 6 European countries with 19 biomarkers assessed in four physiological systems-cardiovascular, metabolic, immune/inflammation, and neuroendocrine systems. We then calculated both count-based and continuous scores for each physiological system and generated allostatic load scores (range 0-19). Exposure to air pollution (NO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, PM_2.5absorbance) and road traffic noise (L_DEN) based on participants’ home, school, and commuting route addresses were estimated for the year prior to outcome assessment. Higher exposure to all air pollutants was associated with a higher allostatic load, although only the association of PM₁₀ survived correction for multiple testing (for count-based allostatic load score: RR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.48; for continuous allostatic load score: β = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.27-0.84, per each 10 µg/m³ increase in PM₁₀). Examining physiological systems separately, higher exposure to air pollution was mainly associated with higher allostatic load in the immune/inflammatory and metabolic systems. No associations between road traffic noise and allostatic load were observed. Our findings suggest that air pollution act as a chronic stressor in manifesting multi-systemic physiological dysregulation in childhood, which may be a precursor of air pollution-related diseases.

PMID:40366609 | DOI:10.1007/s10654-025-01227-8

Ecotoxicology. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1007/s10646-025-02886-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a fish species that can be a planktivorous, benthivorous and carnivorous at different life stages. Using the example of the perch population from White Lake (Northwest Russia) the connection between ontogenetic change of diet and mercury accumulation in fish muscle tissue is shown. Analysis of the gut contents of 223 perch indicated that the main food item of perch aged 4-6+ years is the lake form of European smelt (80-100%). Also, the lowest THg concentrations were observed in perch aged 4-5+ and 6+ years – 160 ± 47 and 172 ± 51 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. Starting from age 6+ pikeperch and ruff appear in the diet of perch. In fish aged 9+ the proportion of lake smelt in the diet is 25-33%, and the mercury content in muscles is 447 ± 44 and 462 ± 109 ng/g (wet weight) in individuals aged 9+ and 10-12+ years, respectively. An increased proportion of pikeperch and ruff in the diet, whose average mercury content is 2.5 times higher than that of smelt, lead to increased mercury concentrations in perch muscle. There was also a statistically significant linear regression between mercury content and δ¹⁵N in perch older than 7+ years (p = 0.002; r² = 0.38) and no correlation between mercury content and δ¹³C in fish of different ages. Concentrations exceeding the U.S. EPA recommended values (330 ng/g ww) were found in perch aged 9+ years and older, with body length greater than 25 cm. Therefore, the local people should not consume perch with body length greater than 25 cm from White Lake. Further measurements are needed to determine the mercury concentration in perch in nearby lakes and their suitability for human consumption. It is recommended that a similar study be conducted in a number of reservoirs within the study region in order to determine the factors influencing the intensive accumulation of mercury in fish.

PMID:40366607 | DOI:10.1007/s10646-025-02886-9

Andrology. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1111/andr.70063. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk of priapism in patients undergoing Dynamic-Penile duplex ultrasound (D-PDU) who were referred to our Unit between January 2022 and December 2023.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 292 patients, of whom 268 underwent Dynamic-Penile duplex ultrasound for erectile dysfunction and 24 for Peyronie’s disease. The mean age of the patients was 56 ± 12 years, the mean alprostadil dose administered was 9.17 ± 5.59 mcg and the mean erection response was 79.55 ± 19.95%. To evaluate the occurrence of priapism, we considered i) patients who called our phone number within the first hours following the exam; ii) patients who were referred to our Emergency Department within the 24 h following Dynamic-Penile duplex ultrasound; iii) patients who reported to us the occurrence of priapism at subsequent follow-up visit; iv) patients who e-mailed us to report this side effect.

RESULTS: We found no cases of priapism (0/292 patients, 0%). Therefore, statistical analysis with correlation and regression analysis was not conducted.

CONCLUSIONS: In our opinion, the risk of priapism following Dynamic-Penile duplex ultrasound with alprostadil injection might be re-evaluated, as it appears to be a rare and preventable condition.

PMID:40366605 | DOI:10.1111/andr.70063

Ophthalmol Ther. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1007/s40123-025-01153-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens (RP-IOL) offers a sutureless solution to complications like aphakia, intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation, and opacification post-cataract surgery. Unlike time-consuming, complication-prone traditional methods, RP-IOL potentially reduces surgical time and complications. This study evaluates RP-IOL’s clinical outcomes to assess its efficacy and safety.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective case series reviewed medical records of 68 eyes from 68 patients who underwent RP-IOL implantation between January 2017 and May 2023. Preoperative and postoperative data, including visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and spherical equivalent (SE), were analyzed.

RESULTS: The mean uncorrected VA improved significantly from 1.25 ± 0.73 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) preoperatively to 0.42 ± 0.47 at 1 month postoperatively (P < 0.001). The mean IOP decreased significantly from 17.69 ± 5.01 mmHg preoperatively to 16.09 ± 4.23 mmHg 1 month postoperatively (P = 0.041). Postoperative complications occurred in 35.3% of cases, with the most common being IOP elevation (13.2%), cystoid macular edema (11.8%), and disenclavation of IOL (7.4%). Most complications were successfully managed. The study also included a subanalysis of seven patients with IOL opacification, showing improved VA postoperatively, although without statistical significance due to the small sample size.

CONCLUSIONS: RP-IOL implantation is an effective and safe option for secondary IOL implantation or exchange in cases of aphakia, IOL dislocation, and IOL opacification. The procedure offers significant improvements in visual acuity and a reduction in intraocular pressure, with manageable postoperative complications. While the study supports the use of RP-IOL as a viable option, further research with larger sample sizes and prospective designs is recommended to establish its long-term efficacy and safety compared to traditional methods.

PMID:40366604 | DOI:10.1007/s40123-025-01153-8

Methods Mol Biol. 2025;2916:77-84. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4470-6_8.

ABSTRACT

Fruitlet abscission is a bottleneck of the Areca catechu industry. A series of physiological and biochemical changes, such as morphological variations, cell architecture reconstruction, and increasing or decreasing enzymatic activity, occur during fruitlet abscission. There are species specificities among various plants concerning methods applied in abscission study. In this chapter, we describe the main methods adopted in the study focused on A. catechu fruitlet abscission, including microscopic observation, biochemical analysis, and abscission statistics. These methods are used to explore the physiological process and regulatory mechanism of fruitlet abscission in this industrial species.

PMID:40366588 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-4470-6_8

Int J Bipolar Disord. 2025 May 14;13(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s40345-025-00378-7.

ABSTRACT

This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on serum lithium levels, renal function, and electrolyte balance in patients with bipolar disorder undergoing lithium maintenance therapy. Conducted in Saudi Arabia, a region characterized by hot and arid climates (30-36 °C, 25% humidity during Ramadan 2024), the study included 250 participants divided into fasting (n = 131) and non-fasting (n = 119) groups. Serum lithium levels, renal function parameters (serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate), and electrolyte levels (sodium and potassium) were assessed at baseline, mid-Ramadan, one month post-Ramadan, and three months post-Ramadan. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects models, linear regression, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. The results indicate that Ramadan fasting did not significantly alter serum lithium levels, renal function, or electrolyte balance across all time points. These findings suggest that fasting during Ramadan can be safely practiced by patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium therapy, provided they maintain adequate hydration and adhere to their prescribed medication regimen.

PMID:40366534 | DOI:10.1186/s40345-025-00378-7

Emerg Radiol. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1007/s10140-025-02347-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Headache is common at emergency services and neuroimaging can help in timely diagnosis of life-threatening pathologies. We evaluated clinical indicators associated with abnormal neuroimaging in patients with acute headache, aiming to develop a scoring system with reliable diagnostic performance.

METHODS: This analytical and retrospective study was conducted at a teaching tertiary care hospital in Cali, Colombia, from January 2011 to December 2019. Patients aged 18 years or older with non-traumatic headaches who attended the emergency department and underwent neuroimaging were included. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, including headache associated signs and symptoms, imaging diagnosis and disposition. Statistically significant variables and clinically relevant variables were selected. Data was analyzed using a combination of logistic regression and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves, leading to the derivation of three models.

RESULTS: 626 patients were included, 15.5% with abnormal neuroimaging. The variables with the highest odds ratio (OR) were: age > 40 years (OR 3.2 CI 1.86-5.56), motor deficit (OR 5.4 CI 2.62-11.18), visual deficit (OR 3.2 CI 1.56-6.63) and gait disturbance (OR 2.27 CI 0.87-5.96). Three abnormal neuroimaging prediction logistic regression models have been derived. The better scale is performed with model 1, which is validated internally and a cut-off point of 0.179, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.757 is obtained with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.79 (0.73-0.85).

CONCLUSION: Our straightforward scale incorporates clinical factors associated with abnormal neuroimaging, with the aim of improving diagnostic performance and predictive capacity to distinguish patients who require neuroimaging.

PMID:40366499 | DOI:10.1007/s10140-025-02347-0