Nevin Manimala

Biomed Res Int. 2025 Jan 6;2025:1709145. doi: 10.1155/bmri/1709145. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen affecting dairy cattle all over the world by causing significant economic losses due to reproductive and respiratory problems, immunosuppressive effects, increased risk of morbidity, and calf mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to August 2021 to determine the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and identify risk factors associated with its occurrence in and around Nekemte Town of Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from 305 dairy cattle of 41 herds by using cluster-sampling method. All sampled animals were identified by their age, breeds, origin, parity, pregnancy status, and history of reproductive and respiratory problems. Competitive ELISA was used in the laboratory to detect the presence of antibodies in the serum. At the animal and herd level, descriptive statistics were utilized to assess the amount of BVDV viral antibody circulation, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to detect potential risk variables. The result demonstrates 9.84% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.49-13.18) and 28.52% (95% CI: 23.46-33.59) seroprevalence of BVDV antibody at individual and herd level, respectively. Abortion (odds ratio (OR) = 2.75; p = 0.019), retention of fetal membrane (OR = 3.33; p = 0.011), purchasing of animals (OR = 2.98; p = 0.017), and pregnancy (OR = 3.16; p = 0.019) were variables significantly associated with the seropositivity of BVDV. Herd size was found to be substantially linked with BVDV infection at the herd level (p = 0.009). These moderate seroprevalence of BVDV results indicate that the virus is widely spread among dairy cattle at various farms in and around Nekemte Town, hurting dairy farm production and productivity. To reduce the seroprevalence of this infectious agent, cows with a history of reproductive disorders should be tested, and new animals should be quarantined before being introduced into herds, and more research should be done to assess the impact of reproductive failure and other effects associated with this virus.

PMID:39817271 | PMC:PMC11729507 | DOI:10.1155/bmri/1709145

Clin Interv Aging. 2025 Jan 9;20:33-42. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S493029. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Shoulder arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears with simultaneous treatment of lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon has become increasingly accepted. However, the clinical outcomes between tenotomy and tenodesis remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of tenotomy and tenodesis combined with rotator cuff repair in elderly patients with medium-to-massive rotator cuff tears.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective trial of patients aged > 60 years with medium-to-massive rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with tenotomy or tenodesis. This study included 96 patients: 47 in the tenotomy group and 49 in the tenodesis group. At 3 and 6 months after surgery and at the last follow-up, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score (CS score), anterior shoulder pain (VAS score), elbow flexion strength and supination strength, and complications were recorded.

RESULTS: At 3 months postoperatively, ASES score, CS score and strength of elbow flexion of the tenodesis group were significantly better than those of the tenotomy group. In addition, the VAS score is 4.4 ± 1.4 and 3.3 ± 1.3 in the tenodesis and tenotomy respectively (p = 0.039). At the final follow-up, despite no significant statistical differences in ASES scores, CS scores, VAS scores, and flexion strength between the two groups, the variation in the above items in the tenodesis group was statistically lower than that in the tenotomy group. No difference was observed in the rates of complications and revision between the groups.

CONCLUSION: For people over 60 years of age with medium to massive rotator cuff tears, postoperative shoulder function of tenodesis is superior to tenotomy, and functional recovery is relatively more stable after tenodesis than after tenotomy.

PMID:39817259 | PMC:PMC11733954 | DOI:10.2147/CIA.S493029

ACS EST Air. 2024 Dec 23;2(1):13-23. doi: 10.1021/acsestair.4c00258. eCollection 2025 Jan 10.

ABSTRACT

The Marshall Fire was a wildland urban interface (WUI) fire that destroyed more than 1000 structures in two communities in Colorado. High winds carried smoke and ash into an unknown number of buildings that, while not incinerated, were significantly damaged. We aimed to understand whether smoke or ash damage to one’s home was associated with physical health impacts of the fire event for people living in and around the fire zone whose homes were not completely destroyed. We analyzed data collected from participants who responded to Wave 1 (six months postfire; N = 642) or Wave 2 (one-year postfire; N = 413) of the Marshall Fire Unified Research Survey. We used self-reported exposure to smells and ash in their homes as measures of exposure and also created spatial exposure measures based on proximity to destroyed structures. Reporting a headache was statistically significantly associated with all exposure metrics (self-reported and spatial proximity), and reporting a strange taste in one’s mouth was also significantly associated with having more destroyed buildings within 250 m of the home. Study findings can inform response planning for future WUI fires to protect the health of residents of smoke-damaged homes.

PMID:39817255 | PMC:PMC11730870 | DOI:10.1021/acsestair.4c00258

Ann Transl Med. 2024 Dec 24;12(6):115. doi: 10.21037/atm-24-165. Epub 2024 Dec 17.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lipedema is a commonly underdiagnosed chronic condition. This study aimed to evaluate liposuction techniques for lipedema by conducting a systematic review and presenting our experience. A case series study and a comprehensive review were conducted.

METHODS: We assessed surgical outcomes among patients with lipedema who underwent liposuction. Descriptive and inferential statistics were implemented. In our case series, we used tumescent liposuction, vibration amplification of sound energy at resonance (VASER) liposuction, and waterjet-assisted liposuction (WAL). We also performed a literature review of current concepts and state-of-the-art treatment for lipedema.

KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: Twenty-four female patients were included in this study with a median age of 37 years [interquartile range (IQR), 10 years]. A statistically significant difference between preoperative (29.65 kg/m²) and postoperative body mass index (BMI) (26.95 kg/m²; P<0.05) of patients was evidenced. The amount of total fat removal between surgical techniques was statistically different (P<0.001). A statistically significant difference in the amount of total fat removal between surgical techniques was found (P=0.0015). Post-hoc analysis with Dunn’s test evidenced a significant difference only between tumescent suction-assisted lipectomy and WAL (P<0.001). Nineteen studies were included in this review. Low complication rates, improvement in patient-reported outcomes, and reduction in conservative therapy requirements were found when evaluating multiple studies in this review.

CONCLUSIONS: Liposuction has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative in patients with lipedema. It positively impacts clinical and patient-reported outcomes.

PMID:39817245 | PMC:PMC11729798 | DOI:10.21037/atm-24-165

Arthritis Res Ther. 2025 Jan 15;27(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13075-024-03470-y.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of newly emerging autoantibodies (AAbs) – peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 (aPAD4), carbamylated proteins (aCarP), and anti-RA33 (aRA33) – alongside the traditionally assessed rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), in predicting the response to abatacept (ABT) and its retention rate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

METHODS: Data from 121 consecutive ABT-treated RA patients were recorded. The RF and ACPA status were retrospectively assessed by reviewing the patients’ clinical records. Positivity for aPAD4, aCarP and aRA33 were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The achievement of a moderate or good EULAR response at 6 months and the 3-years retention were analyzed as treatment outcomes. Multiple logistic regression models and Cox regression hazard analysis models were built to identify the association between such outcomes and the different AAbs, after adjustment for different confounders. The AAbs were assessed both individually and in different combinations to identify the most robust predictive model.

RESULTS: In the studied cohort, RF, ACPA, aPAD4, aCarP and aRA33-Ab tested positive in 74.4%, 69.4%, 43.8%, 23.9%, 14.9% patients, respectively. A moderate or good EULAR response at 6 months was achieved by 64.5% of subjects and the cumulative 3-years retention rate was 56.6%. A higher EULAR response rate was recorded in patient with positivity for RF (67% in subjects tested positive vs. 58% in negative), ACPA (68% vs. 57%), aPAD4 (68% vs. 62%), and aCarP (72% vs. 62%), although statistical significance was not reached likely due to sample size limitations. Similarly, ACPA, aPAD4, aCarP were associated with higher 3-year retention rates, though not statistically significant individually. The combined analysis revealed that positivity for ACPA and/or aPAD4 predicted a significantly higher EULAR response rate at 6 months compared with double negativity (adjusted OR 2.7, p 0.026). Furthermore, positivity for at least one of ACPA, aPAD4, or aCarP predicted a significantly higher 3-year ABT retention rate compared to triple negativity (62.1% single or double positive vs. 33.5% triple negative, adjusted HR 0.48, p 0.022).

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the potential benefits of using a combined assessment of ACPA aPAD4 and aCarP in predicting effectiveness of ABT in RA.

PMID:39815378 | DOI:10.1186/s13075-024-03470-y

Breast Cancer Res. 2025 Jan 15;27(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13058-024-01957-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is a pathological condition with increased cancer risk, including breast (BC), ovarian cancer (OC), and others. HBOC pathogenesis is caused mainly by germline pathogenic variants (GPV) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. However, other relevant genes are related to this syndrome diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, including TP53, PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, etc. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of non-BRCA genes in HBOC patients of Northeast Mexico.

METHODS: This multicentric study included 1285 patients with HBOC diagnosis from four oncologic centers in northeast Mexico from 2016 to 2023. Genomic and clinical data were analyzed based on multi-gene panel results and electronic records of the medical geneticist consultation. For the data analysis of qualitative and quantitative variants, JASP statistical software (version 0.18.1) was used, taking p < 0.05 as a significant result.

RESULTS: We found that 32.7% of the patients had at least one GPV in non-BRCA genes. The five most frequent non-BRCA genes were CHEK2, PALB2, MUTYH, CDKN2A, and ATM. Among the group of non-BRCA genes, six are involved in the homologous repair pathway (HR), and three are related to DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways. In analyzing GPVs in molecular pathways, both have similar frequencies with no statistical difference for BC.

CONCLUSION: Multi-gene testing implementation improves the detection of often overlooked genes related to HBOC pathogenesis and treatment. Non-BRCA GPVs in Northern Mexico correspond to one-third of the HBOC cases, including HR and DDR pathways genes that would be misdiagnosed if not tested. HR patient carriers are potential targets of iPARP therapies. The optimal approach to cancer treatment for non-BRCA mutation carriers warrants further investigation to develop newer therapies.

PMID:39815370 | DOI:10.1186/s13058-024-01957-9

Reprod Health. 2025 Jan 15;22(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12978-024-01925-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Today, the screening of fetal abnormalities during pregnancy is used as one of the components of the prenatal care worldwide, and many abnormalities are detected by ultrasound during pregnancy. On the other hand, the possibility of an abnormality in the fetus causes worry and anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between worry and anxiety with the general health status of pregnant women at risk of diagnosing fetal abnormalities.

METHODS: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 275 pregnant women with a gestational age of 16 to 18 weeks. They were referred by health centers, midwives, or gynecologists to determine fetal abnormalities according to the national guidelines of Iran for ultrasound scan anomalies. Pregnancy imaging was performed in Bojnurd city between April and December 2023. The data collection tools included a pregnancy-personal characteristics questionnaire, Goldberg general health standard questionnaire, Cambridge anxiety, and Spielberger anxiety scales. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and generalized linear models (GLM). A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically.

RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 28.13 ± 6.17 years. The average total score of general health was 15.49 ± 7.14, while the average total worry and anxiety scores were 16.81 ± 11.74 and 45.12 ± 6.06, respectively. A positive and significant correlation was observed between general health and worry (r = 0.374), as well as between general health and anxiety (r = 0.160). Additionally, based on the test of generalized linear models, education (beta coefficient = – 3.208 and p = 0.008) and type of pregnancy (beta coefficient = – 2.323 and p = 0.029) were related to general health.

CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate a relationship between the general health and worry and anxiety levels of pregnant women at risk of abnormality diagnosis. Pregnant women who are anxious and worried tend to have lower general health levels. Understanding this relationship between worry, anxiety, and the general health of pregnant women can provide useful information to policymakers and health planners to improve the health of expectant mothers.

PMID:39815352 | DOI:10.1186/s12978-024-01925-8

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Jan 15;20(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05457-0.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (LUKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of isolated lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis (LCKO), and to provide guidance and a basis for selecting surgery in clinical practice.

METHODS: Inclusion and exclusion criteria for literature were established, appropriate effect indicators were selected, and PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were searched using a computer. The Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. After data extraction, Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.4 software.

RESULTS: A total of 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving 490 patients, with 204 in the TKA group and 286 in the LUKA group. Meta-analysis found that, there was no significant statistical difference in operation time between the LUKA group and the TKA group. Nevertheless, LUKA offers advantages such as reduced intraoperative blood loss and shorter hospitalization time. At the same time, the LUKA group also had advantages over the TKA group in postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, knee joint range of motion, Oxford Knee Score (OKS)score and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score.

CONCLUSION: When LUKA and TKA are used to treat isolated LCKO, LUKA has the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, shorter hospital stay, lower postoperative VAS score, and better knee function score and range of motion.

PMID:39815335 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-05457-0

Cardiooncology. 2025 Jan 15;11(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40959-024-00294-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fluoropyrimidines, including 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine, are the most common chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal carcinoma. Although previous studies have suggested varying degrees of cardiotoxicity with these drugs, there is a notable lack of large-scale investigations with appropriate control groups. This study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular outcome among colorectal carcinoma patients treated with fluoropyrimidines.

METHODS: A retrospective propensity score- matched cohort study was conducted in patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2021 at public hospitals in Hong Kong. Cardiovascular outcomes in patients prescribed fluoropyrimidines were compared with controls. Further analyses to compare 5-fluroracil and capecitabine were performed.

RESULTS: A total of 51,888 colorectal carcinoma patients were identified. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 21,216 patients were included in the final analysis, with 10,608 patients in each group. 1.06% patients experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) at 1 year. There was no significant difference in MACE risk between the two groups (HR 0.91, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.70-1.18, p = 0.46). Risk of cardiovascular death was similar between the two groups (HR 1.05, 95%CI: 0.69-1.60, p = 0.82). Subgroup analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant elevated risk of MACE during fluoropyrimidine use in high-risk patient groups. Further comparison of 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine did not reveal a difference in MACE (0.80% vs. 0.98%; HR 1.09, 95%CI: 0.64-1.85, p < 0.75).

CONCLUSION: Fluoropyrimidine use in patients with colorectal carcinoma did not increase the risk of MACE, cardiovascular death, or other specific cardiovascular conditions. There was no significant difference in cardiovascular risk between 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine.

PMID:39815329 | DOI:10.1186/s40959-024-00294-2

BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2025 Jan 15;25(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12911-025-02855-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the adverse health outcomes associated with longer duration diarrhea (LDD), there are currently no clinical decision tools for timely identification and better management of children with increased risk. This study utilizes machine learning (ML) to derive and validate a predictive model for LDD among children presenting with diarrhea to health facilities.

METHODS: LDD was defined as a diarrhea episode lasting ≥ 7 days. We used 7 ML algorithms to build prognostic models for the prediction of LDD among children < 5 years using de-identified data from Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa study (N = 1,482) in model development and data from Enterics for Global Health Shigella study (N = 682) in temporal validation of the champion model. Features included demographic, medical history and clinical examination data collected at enrolment in both studies. We conducted split-sampling and employed K-fold cross-validation with over-sampling technique in the model development. Moreover, critical predictors of LDD and their impact on prediction were obtained using an explainable model agnostic approach. The champion model was determined based on the area under the curve (AUC) metric. Model calibrations were assessed using Brier, Spiegelhalter’s z-test and its accompanying p-value.

RESULTS: There was a significant difference in prevalence of LDD between the development and temporal validation cohorts (478 [32.3%] vs 69 [10.1%]; p < 0.001). The following variables were associated with LDD in decreasing order: pre-enrolment diarrhea days (55.1%), modified Vesikari score(18.2%), age group (10.7%), vomit days (8.8%), respiratory rate (6.5%), vomiting (6.4%), vomit frequency (6.2%), rotavirus vaccination (6.1%), skin pinch (2.4%) and stool frequency (2.4%). While all models showed good prediction capability, the random forest model achieved the best performance (AUC [95% Confidence Interval]: 83.0 [78.6-87.5] and 71.0 [62.5-79.4]) on the development and temporal validation datasets, respectively. While the random forest model showed slight deviations from perfect calibration, these deviations were not statistically significant (Brier score = 0.17, Spiegelhalter p-value = 0.219).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests ML derived algorithms could be used to rapidly identify children at increased risk of LDD. Integrating ML derived models into clinical decision-making may allow clinicians to target these children with closer observation and enhanced management.

PMID:39815316 | DOI:10.1186/s12911-025-02855-6