Nevin Manimala

Glob Chang Biol. 2025 Oct;31(10):e70574. doi: 10.1111/gcb.70574.

ABSTRACT

Global gridded soil temperature datasets are important to understand and explain spatial patterns and processes in many life and environmental sciences, but products based on in situ measurements are still available to a very limited extent. Global maps of soil temperature at a 1-km² resolution for two depth levels of 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm were therefore an important step in bridging this gap. However, there are on average 26% of suspicious grid cells, and 7%-46% for individual considered soil bioclimatic variables, that show reversed patterns between the two depth levels in terms of soil temperature physics, with more pronounced temperature amplitudes, minima, and maxima at the deeper level, which has no reasonable physical explanation. This mismatch is most probably due to the fact that soil temperature grids for the two depth levels were generated independently using machine-learning models based on distinctive and spatially averaged sets of in situ soil temperature measurements for differing time periods. While the application potential of the maps remains enormous, and they can still be used for most soil-related applications, it can definitely be recommended that the two depth levels be used separately. The study also suggests that data consistency should be prioritized over maximizing the volume of data used when producing soil temperature grids at multiple depth levels using statistical learning methods based on in situ measurements.

PMID:41147127 | DOI:10.1111/gcb.70574

J Adv Nurs. 2025 Oct 28. doi: 10.1111/jan.70321. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM (S): To investigate the frequency and associated factors of interruptions initiated by human and environmental sources during the medication administration process among nurses in South Korea.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

METHODS: Data were collected from January to March 2022 through an online survey administered to nurses working in tertiary hospitals in South Korea. The survey assessed interruptions during the medication administration process, nursing work environments and organisational culture. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with interruptions.

RESULTS: Human-initiated interruptions were more frequent than those initiated by environmental sources. Human-initiated interruptions increased with a higher patient load and a relation-oriented organisational culture but decreased with adequate staffing and resources, as well as an innovation-oriented culture. Environment-initiated interruptions were more frequent in settings with a task-oriented culture and less frequent among female nurses.

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance of understanding the distinct characteristics of interruptions and developing targeted strategies based on their sources and contributing factors. Creating supportive environments and fostering an organisational culture that actively prevents unnecessary interruptions are essential for enhancing medication safety and workflow efficiency.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: To apply these findings in clinical practice, it is necessary to allocate staffing resources appropriately to reduce interruptions. Providing education on the importance of maintaining uninterrupted medication administration processes is essential to reduce human-initiated interruptions.

IMPACT: This study provides practical evidence that organisational culture and staffing are associated with interruptions in clinical nursing practice. Nurse managers should apply these findings by promoting staffing adequacy and fostering a collaborative, innovative environment that encourages continuous improvement and openness to change. Tailored strategies that reflect the specific characteristics of different types of interruptions can help reduce their occurrence and improve medication safety.

REPORTING METHOD: STROBE checklist.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

PMID:41147089 | DOI:10.1111/jan.70321

Pulm Circ. 2025 Oct 26;15(4):e70184. doi: 10.1002/pul2.70184. eCollection 2025 Oct.

ABSTRACT

The resistance-compliance (RC) relationship between pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary arterial compliance (PAC) provides an integrative measure of global right ventricular (RV) afterload. However, debate persists regarding the clinical utility of PAC calculated using the empiric formula (PAC_empiric), and the ideal method for calculating PAC. We analysed haemodynamic and pulmonary pressure waveform data from 156 patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). PAC was calculated using three methods: PAC_empiric, as well as two established waveform analysis methods, area-under-the-curve (PAC_AUC), and diastolic decay (PAC_DD). Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between PVR and PAC across these three methods. Model performance was assessed using Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria (AIC/BIC). The diagnostic performance of each method was evaluated using ROC analysis. Cox regression was applied to assess the association with long term mortality. All three PAC methods demonstrated a strong inverse hyperbolic correlation with PVR. PAC_empiric provided stronger model performance (AIC -504.3; R² = 0.968), and best discriminated PH subtypes (AUC = 0.91), outperforming PAC_AUC (AUC = 0.88) and PAC_DD (AUC = 0.75). PAC_empiric was also a stronger predictor of mortality than PAC_AUC, PAC_DD or PVR (c-statistic = 0.747, compared to 0.737, 0.709 and 0.741 respectively). PAC_empiric is a robust and accessible method for assessing the pulsatile component of RV loading. This study supports its use as a physiologically meaningful parameter that together with PVR provides a comprehensive estimation of global RV afterload.

PMID:41147032 | PMC:PMC12554385 | DOI:10.1002/pul2.70184

Vet Anim Sci. 2025 Oct 9;30:100519. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100519. eCollection 2025 Dec.

ABSTRACT

Non-essential metals and metalloids are known to induce oxidative stress in exposed organisms, often leading to cellular damage and systemic toxicity. While chelation therapy remains the primary treatment for metal toxicity, its application is limited by side effects. L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), a widely available antioxidant, has emerged as a promising nutritional intervention for mitigating metal-induced oxidative stress. Dogs, whose blood lead levels (BLLs) closely mirror those of humans, have been utilized as sentinel species in environmental toxicology studies. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of L-AA in dogs residing in Kabwe, Zambia, a former mining town where remediation of heavy metal contamination is ongoing. The reported BLLs in Kabwe dogs ranged from 0.43 µg/dL to 123.5 µg/dL. A total of 22 dogs (10 females and 12 males) received oral L-AA supplementation daily for 14 days. Blood samples were collected on Day 1 of L-AA administration and Day 14 to assess biochemical and toxicological changes. Post-treatment analysis revealed statistically significant reductions in plasma malondialdehyde, cortisol, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels, as determined by Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Additionally, δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity was significantly elevated, indicating improved oxidative status. These findings support the efficacy of L-AA in attenuating oxidative stress associated with metal and metalloid exposure, even in the absence of exposure cessation. Interestingly, Pb levels declined predominantly in dogs younger than 24 months. Furthermore, reductions in Zn and Cu commonly linked to L-AA administration were observed exclusively in male dogs, suggesting a sex-specific response.

PMID:41147016 | PMC:PMC12554065 | DOI:10.1016/j.vas.2025.100519

Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol. 2025 Oct 17;42:74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.asmart.2025.09.004. eCollection 2025 Oct.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the healing rate of meniscal repair concomitant with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and isolated meniscal repair based on Intrameniscal signal intensity (IMSI).

METHODS: A total of 368 patients who underwent meniscus repair between March 2011 and July 2017 by an experienced single surgeon were enrolled. 228 patients were divided into the meniscus repair concomitant with ACL reconstruction (group A, n = 171) and isolated meniscal repair group (group B, n = 57). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively, measurements were conducted from the most prominent slice of meniscal tear (PSMT). IMSI of the PSMT was measured with the free line region-of-interest (ROI) tool in a picture archiving and communication system.

RESULTS: Except for time of accident, no significant differences were found in terms of age, body mass index, posterior slope angle, or varus angle between two groups. There were statistically significant differences of post-operative adjusted mean IMSI of patients between the two groups using ANCOVA. The corrected postoperative adjusted mean IMSI in the coronal view of group A was an estimated mean (SD) of 1.44(0.08), and in group B was an estimated mean (SD) of 2.55(0.15). All the P-values were less than 0.05, which was the same compared with MRI values for healed meniscus.

CONCLUSIONS: IMSI is a simple and conventional parameter for the assessment of meniscal healing. The healing rate of meniscal repair concomitant with ACL reconstruction compared with isolated meniscal repair using IMSI was similar to that of MRI reading. Thus, concomitant ACL reconstruction significantly improves the healing process of meniscus.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE AND STUDY DESIGN: Case control study.

PMID:41147015 | PMC:PMC12554083 | DOI:10.1016/j.asmart.2025.09.004

Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 21;12:20499361251386681. doi: 10.1177/20499361251386681. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health priority, with 10.5 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths reported in 2023. Current diagnostic methods face limitations in sensitivity, biosafety, and accessibility, particularly in low-resource settings.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of a novel, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) platform (Orange G3 TBC), comparing it with the WHO-endorsed GeneXpert Ultra system in Oruro, Bolivia.

DESIGN: We conducted a randomized, double-blind study.

METHODS: The study included 71 clinical samples (67 sputum samples and 4 cerebrospinal fluid samples) from patients with presumptive TB. All samples were tested with GeneXpert Ultra and the Orange G3 TBC platform, which incorporates a unique biosafe processing system. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, predictive values (positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV)), likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), and correlation measures.

RESULTS: Orange G3 TBC demonstrated strong performance metrics compared to GeneXpert Ultra: sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 97%, diagnostic efficiency = 96%, PPV = 82%, and NPV = 98%. Statistical analysis showed a high correlation between the two methods (Pearson’s correlation = 0.834, Kappa = 0.832, LR+ = 27.3, LR- = 0.103).

CONCLUSION: The Orange G3 TBC platform offers comparable diagnostic accuracy to GeneXpert Ultra. The system is adaptable to resource-limited settings, making it a viable alternative for TB diagnosis in endemic regions.

PMID:41147006 | PMC:PMC12553880 | DOI:10.1177/20499361251386681

PeerJ. 2025 Oct 23;13:e20239. doi: 10.7717/peerj.20239. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Visual impairment, including low vision and blindness, is an important global health concern. In Saudi Arabia, research on vision screening prevalence and its predictors is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vision screening and identify associated factors among Saudi residents attending primary healthcare settings.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to July 2023, involving 14,239 participants from 48 randomly selected primary healthcare centers in Riyadh. Data were collected electronically from participants aged 18 years and older, using a validated questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and comorbidities. Vision screening (yes/no) was the outcome of interest, and predictors were identified using multiple logistic regression. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

RESULTS: The mean age of the population sample was 59.7 years ± SD 16.6 years, 56.6% were female, and 65.3% were married. The overall prevalence of vision screening was 9.1%. Multivariable analysis revealed that higher education (AOR 0.65-0.67, 95% CI [0.50-0.84] for up to high school; [0.52-0.87] for college/university; [0.44-0.76] for others) and marriage (AOR 0.81, 95% CI [0.70-0.94]) were associated with lower odds of vision screening. Conversely, unemployment (AOR 1.28, 95% CI [1.12-1.46]), exercise (AOR 1.29, 95% CI [1.14-1.47]), diabetes (AOR 1.49, 95% CI [1.24-1.80]), and obesity (AOR 1.39, 95% CI [1.11-1.75]) were associated with higher odds (all p < 0.05). Age, sex, insurance coverage, smoking, and hypertension did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSION: Overall, the prevalence of vision screening among the Saudi residents was low. This study identified key sociodemographic and health-related predictors of vision screening among Saudi residents. Targeted interventions are needed to improve screening rates, particularly among underutilizing groups such as those with higher education, married individuals, and employed individuals. Future research should qualitatively explore underlying reasons for these disparities to inform effective and culturally sensitive strategies.

PMID:41147000 | PMC:PMC12554312 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.20239

PeerJ. 2025 Oct 23;13:e20226. doi: 10.7717/peerj.20226. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major, economically important pest of apple orchards in Türkiye. This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of the mating disruption technique in controlling C. pomonella in commercial apple orchards in the Beyşehir district (Konya) during the years 2023 and 2024. The experiments were conducted in six commercial apple orchards. Three of these orchards were treated with pheromones, while the remaining three served as control orchards. The efficacy of mating disruption was evaluated by comparing the number of C. pomonella males caught in Delta traps in pheromone-treated and control orchards and the infestation rates in these orchards. Delta traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone were hung in each pheromone-treated and control apple orchard to monitor the adult codling moths, and the number of males was recorded weekly. Once the first adult was caught in Delta traps, ISOCOD-C (380 mg (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadienol, dodecanol, tetradecanol) pheromone dispensers were hung at a dose of 500 pieces/ha, 1.5-1.8 m above the soil surface in four directions of the trees in the apple orchards where the mating disruption technique was applied. To determine the infestation rate of C. pomonella, 10 fruits from 10 trees (a total of 100 fruits) were randomly selected and the infested fruits were recorded weekly. ISOCOD-C pheromone dispensers suppressed capture of male moths in Delta traps and infestation rate in fruits in the treated orchards in both years, and the differences were found to be statistically significant in comparison to the control. In the pheromone-treated orchards, the mean number of males (trap/week) was 0.91 ± 0.18 and 0.81 ± 0.19 in 2023 and 2024, respectively, while this was 11.38 ± 1.64 in 2023 and 19.60 ± 2.65 in 2024 in the control orchards. The mean infestation rate (%) in the pheromone-treated orchards was 1.18 ± 0.21% and 2.50 ± 0.43%, in 2023 and 2024, respectively. In contrast, this rate was 13.26 ± 1.08% and 15.33 ± 1.02% in the control orchards. In addition, it was determined that the total number of sprays for codling moth in orchards using mating disruption decreased by 44.4% and 45.4% in 2023 and 2024, respectively, in comparison with the control. As a result, this study revealed that the ISOCOD-C pheromone disperser can be successfully used against C. pomonella in apple orchards.

PMID:41146997 | PMC:PMC12554307 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.20226

PeerJ. 2025 Oct 23;13:e20293. doi: 10.7717/peerj.20293. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study expands existing research by examining longitudinal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical college students’ physical fitness.

METHODS: A medical college in Wenzhou, was selected to examine the changes in physical fitness indicators among students from 2019 to 2021.

RESULTS: While most students maintained normal weight status (85.2%), overweight/obese prevalence increased significantly (8.0% in 2019, 8.9% in 2020, and 10.1% in 2021). Among male students, 67.0% were classified within the passing range, while the majority of female students (55.0%) fell within the “good” grade category. In 2021, a significant decline was observed in the standing long jump, 50-m dash, and 1,000/800 m run (p < 0.05) across both genders.

CONCLUSIONS: The lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly contributed to increased weight gain among college students and a decline in their endurance running performance.

PMID:41146996 | PMC:PMC12554305 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.20293

PeerJ. 2025 Oct 23;13:e20084. doi: 10.7717/peerj.20084. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Agility and change-of-direction (COD) are essential for success in soccer, influencing performance and injury risk. Resisted sprint training (RST) has shown promise in enhancing these skills by improving muscle strength and neuromuscular coordination. However, the effects of vertical and horizontal RST on agility and COD performance remain inadequately explored.

METHODOLOGY: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar without date restrictions, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they involved healthy soccer players, RST interventions, and assessed agility or COD speed. Data extraction and quality assessment were executed independently by two reviewers; statistical analyses employed RevMan and Stata software packages.

RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 13 studies, which collectively generated 35 groups based on experiment and control protocols. The demonstrated a statistically significant improvement of RST on agility and COD performance (SMD = -0.31, 95% CI [-0.44 to -0.17], p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a trend towards greater improvements with vertically resisted sprinting (SMD = -0.36, p = 0.009), compared to horizontally resisted sprinting (SMD = -0.13, p = 0.25) although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). Elite athletes demonstrated significant enhancements in agility and COD (SMD = -0.45, p < 0.001). In contrast, amateur athletes displayed no significant improvements (SMD = -0.05, p = 0.77). RST outperformed unresisted sprinting (SMD = -0.29, p < 0.05) and alternative training (SMD = -0.36, p < 0.001), indicating its effectiveness across various comparators.

CONCLUSIONS: RST significantly enhances agility and change-of-direction performance in soccer players, particularly among elite athletes. Vertical resisted sprinting is more effective than horizontal resistance, supporting its integration into training programs for improved athletic performance.PROSPERO registration number (CRD42024608859).

PMID:41146995 | PMC:PMC12554313 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.20084