Nevin Manimala

Eur J Nutr. 2025 Mar 4;64(3):107. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03630-z.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This observational study examined the relationship between self-reported dietary patterns-omnivore, pescatarian, vegetarian, and vegan-and iron status among Swedish teenage girls. Additionally, we compared the consumption of various food groups in relation to iron status.

METHODS: Data were collected from 475 female high school students in Malmö and Lund, Sweden, using questionnaires on dietary habits, iron supplementation, and demographic factors. Participants were classified into dietary groups: 347 omnivores, 38 pescatarians, 27 non-consumers of red meat, 60 vegetarians and 3 vegans. Blood samples were analysed for ferritin and haemoglobin levels to determine iron status. Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin < 15 µg/L, and anaemia as haemoglobin < 110 g/L if < 19 years and < 117 g/L if ≥ 19 years. ANOVA and logistic regression were used to compare biomarker levels and the prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia across dietary groups.

RESULTS: Omnivores had the highest estimated ferritin levels (19.6 µg/L), which was significantly higher than pescatarians (14.7 µg/L, p = 0.03), and vegans/vegetarians (10.9 µg/L, p < 0.001). Overall 38.1% of participants were iron deficient. Vegetarians/vegans and pescatarians were significantly more likely to be iron deficient (69.4%, p < 0.001 and 49.4%, p-value 0.016, respectively) compared to omnivores (30.5%). Lower red meat consumption and higher intake of vegetarian patties and legumes were linked to an increased risk of iron deficiency. Anaemia prevalence (haemoglobin < 110 g/L if < 19 years and < 117 g/L if ≥ 19 years) was 3% across all dietary groups.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights a higher prevalence of iron deficiency among Swedish teenage girls adhering to plant-based diets. Public health strategies should promote balanced diets that ensure adequate iron intake and absorption while considering environmental sustainability. Regular screening and targeted dietary recommendations are essential for supporting the health of this population.

PMID:40035857 | DOI:10.1007/s00394-025-03630-z

J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 1;64(1):89-97. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-060.

ABSTRACT

The laboratory opossum, Monodelphis domestica, serves as a critical marsupial model in biomedical research. Proper feeding approaches are essential for promoting animal growth and wellbeing. In this study, we systematically evaluated food scattering and potential food contamination from feces across 4 feeding methods: direct placement of food pellets on bedding and using 3 different types of containers. We conducted timed daily observations of food scattering and marking behaviors in 22 animals, capturing images by photograph at specific intervals over the course of a week. Body weight was measured before and after the trial. Our findings revealed that the containers did not prevent food scattering behaviors, as evidenced by comparable survival curves for food scattering across all methods (P > 0.05, log-rank test). Although the paper tray and ceramic dish delayed the occurrence of food marking by feces, indicated by a significant extension in the time to marking events (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively), these containers introduced new animal welfare concerns. The paper tray increased bleeding incidents in digits and paw pads nearly 8-fold (P = 0.0002), presumably due to sharp edges. The ceramic dish was associated with urine marking, and small but statistically significant weight loss (0.7%, P < 0.05). By 144 h, all cages showed food contamination regardless of the feeding method. The results suggest that containers provide minimal benefit in preventing food contamination, and some types of containers may pose health risks. Therefore, we propose that placing food pellets directly on the bedding, a practice used for 45 y of laboratory opossum maintenance, is acceptable for promoting optimal health and operational efficiency for this species. Our results fill a significant gap in care practices and offer insights into optimal colony management for this important research model.

PMID:40035216 | DOI:10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-060

Anal Methods. 2025 Mar 4. doi: 10.1039/d5ay00124b. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The classification of coffee beans by species, origin, and quality is essential in the coffee industry to ensure authenticity and consistency. While existing methods like spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques offer valuable insights, some require complex sample preparation, while others, such as near-infrared (NIR) and visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR), rely on molecular information that is labile during coffee roasting. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a fast and minimally invasive elemental analysis technique, shows promise for food authentication. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of combining LIBS with the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm to classify 12 roasted coffee bean products available in South Korean markets. LIBS spectra revealed emission peaks for elements such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, C, H, and O, along with molecular emission bands of CN and C₂. Using the newly developed statistical concept of the ‘inter-to-intraclass variation ratio,’ the emission intensities of Li, Na, and Rb were identified as key discriminatory variables for the classification model. The k-NN model achieved a classification accuracy of 96.0% with k = 1, which improved to 98.5% with standard deviation-based scaling and k = 3. It should be emphasized that the model based on the Li, Na, and Rb composition is not expected to be labile during the coffee bean roasting process. These findings underscore the potential of LIBS, combined with a simple machine-learning algorithm, as a practical and efficient tool for authenticating coffee products, leveraging its high sensitivity to alkali metal elements for rapid and accurate classification.

PMID:40035186 | DOI:10.1039/d5ay00124b

J Vet Intern Med. 2025 Mar-Apr;39(2):e70013. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70013.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is a neuroinflammatory disease that is suspected to be immune-mediated. Vaccination and season inconsistently have been reported as risk factors for development of MUO in dogs, but limited prospectively collected data is available to evaluate these potential risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: Prospectively evaluate the association between vaccination and season and the development of MUO in dogs.

ANIMALS: A total of 172 client-owned dogs diagnosed with MUO.

METHODS: Dogs were enrolled prospectively from August 2021 through July 2023. Signalment, body weight, vaccination history, and season of onset of neurologic signs were recorded. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of MUO within various post-vaccination windows was statistically compared to a referent window of 451-560 days post-vaccination. The incidence rate (IR) of MUO in each season was compared statistically.

RESULTS: Of dogs vaccinated within the previous 450 days, MUO IRR was highest in the first 0-45 days (IRR = 9.14; confidence interval [CI] = 4.04-20.71), followed by 46-90 days (IRR = 4.86; CI = 2.01-11.71) and 91-180 days (IRR = 4.86; CI = 2.15-10.96) post-vaccination compared to the 451-560 day post-vaccination referent window. The MUO IR was slightly more common in the spring (28.5%) and least common in the summer (19.8%). No significant difference in IR between seasons was identified.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In dogs with potential vaccine-associated MUO, the highest risk to develop MUO may be in the first 45 days post-vaccination. A slowly developing immune response to vaccination over 3-6 months may occur in some dogs. There is no apparent association between season and the development of MUO.

PMID:40035184 | DOI:10.1111/jvim.70013

ANZ J Surg. 2025 Mar 4. doi: 10.1111/ans.70030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared outcomes of absorbable and non-absorbable sutures for skin closure in open carpal tunnel decompression.

METHODS: Patients diagnosed with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome proceeding to staged open carpal decompression were invited to participate in the trial. Patients elected left or right hand for the first operation and were randomized to receive Prolene (non-absorbable) or Vicryl Rapide (absorbable) first, and the alternative suture to the contralateral side. Recorded pre-operative data included the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) for each hand. At 2 weeks post-operatively the BCTQ, a Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for pain and Asepsis Wound Score were recorded. At 6 weeks, the BCTQ and VAS were repeated and a Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was performed. Patients were asked preference for left or right suture. Statistical analysis using a linear mixed model assessed improvements in the BCTQ, as well as wound scores between sutures. The individual scales were compared using non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. Specific patient factors including age, comorbidities, and previous steroid injections were evaluated for their impact on outcome.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two suture types in any of the overall recorded assessments, complications or patient preferences. BCTQ scores improved significantly post-operatively, P = 0.001. Previous steroid injection, diabetes and age over 65 did not affect outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients can be advised there is no difference in the outcome following open carpal tunnel decompression from using either absorbable or no-absorbable suture material for skin closure.

PMID:40035166 | DOI:10.1111/ans.70030

Curationis. 2025 Feb 25;48(1):e1-e9. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2695.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Integrating clinical research into nursing practice is essential for improving patient outcomes; however, various factors can affect nurses’ participation, despite research being one of their key performance areas. In Namibia, little research exists on the factors influencing nurses’ willingness to participate in and use clinical research. The literature indicates that two significant factors affecting registered nurses’ participation in and utilisation of clinical research are insufficient time and a lack of motivation to conduct research.

OBJECTIVES: This study explores the factors affecting nurses’ participation and utilisation of clinical research at a regional hospital in Namibia.

METHOD: The study employed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design to ensure a comprehensive approach. Sixteen participants working at Intermediate Hospital Rundu were purposefully selected. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. Interviews were then conducted until data saturation was achieved. Trustworthiness was ensured according to the four principles of Lincoln and Guba. Ethical clearance and permission were granted by the School of Nursing Research Committee. The ethical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice were adhered to.

RESULTS: The study revealed three main themes: individual factors, organisational factors, and research-related factors.

CONCLUSION: Strengthening individual research capacities, establishing dedicated research infrastructure and resources, and enhancing the communication and dissemination of research findings will foster a research-oriented culture and facilitate the utilisation of clinical research.Contribution: Understanding these factors will help guide the development of strategies to promote and support nurses’ participation and utilisation of clinical research, enhance evidence-based practice and improve patient outcomes.

PMID:40035111 | DOI:10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2695

Curationis. 2025 Feb 25;48(1):e1-e8. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2623.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), especially in individuals with risk factors such as HIV, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Despite existing guidelines, the study identified multifactorial gaps in implementing CKD management measures at the primary healthcare (PHC) level. This leads to late-stage diagnoses and increased burdens on tertiary institutions, as identified in institutional statistics. The study was therefore conducted in four different settings: a tertiary hospital in Durban and three PHC centres across KZN (two urban centres and one in a township).

OBJECTIVES: The study’s objective is to describe the perceptions of healthcare professionals on the management of CKD, in the PHC setting in KZN, South Africa.

METHOD: A qualitative, exploratory design involving healthcare professionals was adopted. Purposeful sampling was used. Open coding and conventional content analysis were adopted to analyse data.

RESULTS: Findings revealed three overarching themes: (1) knowledge and awareness about existing guidelines, (2) fragmented system and a lack of clear guidelines and (3) implications of clear guidelines on patient care. Participants demonstrated diverse awareness of guidelines, revealing a need for continuous education. Participants expressed needs for continuous education and clear guidelines.

CONCLUSION: The study highlights an urgent need to bridge the knowledge gap and establish a cohesive healthcare system to address the growing CKD burden in KZN effectively.Contribution: The study emphasises the potential benefits of implementing clear guidelines to improve patient outcomes, early detection and appropriate interventions, thereby reducing the burden on tertiary facilities.

PMID:40035110 | DOI:10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2623

Curationis. 2025 Feb 21;48(1):e1-e7. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2626.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Technology integration in higher education is a critical aspect of the 21st century, as it enhances student learning.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess students’ access to and utilisation of technological devices, as well as the integration of technology in nursing education at a higher education institution.

METHOD: A quantitative approach with a descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted at a public university in Windhoek. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire among 70 third-year nursing students pursuing a bachelor’s degree. The data were analysed using SPSS version 26.

RESULTS: Majority (74.2%) of the participants were aged 20-25 years, 82.9% were female, and 98.6% were single. More than half (58.6%) were Oshiwambo-speaking. Most participants (47.1%) owned technological devices. The majority (60.0%) preferred laptop computers, and the majority used cell phones, messaging apps, social media and WhatsApp daily for learning and communication. Most participants used technological devices to download learning materials, submit online assessments and contact lecturers and classmates. Most preferred a blended mode of learning, online formative assessments and face-to-face examinations.

CONCLUSION: The study found that most students owned and utilised technological devices, which facilitated blended learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Technology integration improved access to learning, as students were able to attend classes from locations with Internet access.Contribution: The study contributes to the body of knowledge on technology integration in higher education and highlights the importance of transforming higher education through the effective use of technology.

PMID:40035109 | DOI:10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2626

Curationis. 2025 Feb 20;48(1):e1-e7. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2679.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) work with community members who experience various health problems. They assist community members to lead a healthy life and achieve an acceptable health status. To achieve this, there is a need for CHWs to apply Ubuntu philosophy when providing care related tuberculosis (TB), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess CHW’s knowledge of Ubuntu-informed Care in tuberculosis, HIV, and AIDS Services in Gauteng province, South Africa.

METHOD: A total of 380 CHWs were recruited from a district in Gauteng province to participate in a training on the management of TB, HIV and AIDS. A questionnaire with 40 multiple choice questions was administered to the CHWs before the training. SPSS version 28 was used to analyse the data.

RESULTS: The scores ranged from 9 to 33 out of 40 (M = 21.6, s.d. = 4.2). Out of the 380 participants, 274 (72.1%) passed the pretest while 106 participants (27.9%) failed. The highest mean scores were achieved by female participants (M = 21.6, s.d. = 4.3), participants aged 21-30 years (M = 21.8, s.d. = 4.1) and participants with additional course qualification after Grade 12 (M = 23.5, s.d. = 3.4).

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the need for targeted training interventions to improve the knowledge of CHWs on TB, HIV and AIDS.Contribution: This study adds to the literature on the need for inclusion of Ubuntu when caring for people living with HIV and TB.

PMID:40035108 | DOI:10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2679

Curationis. 2025 Feb 19;48(1):e1-e8. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2637.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Health professionals must keep their knowledge, skills and ethics up to date to ensure competency and promote the public interest, safety and health of all Namibians. In Namibia, little research exists on the facilitators of, and barriers to, nurses’ compliance with continuous professional development (CPD) requirements.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to explore and describe the facilitators of, and barriers to, nurses’ compliance with CPD requirements at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO) in the Oshana region of Namibia.

METHOD: Purposive sampling was used in this qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research study to select participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected via individual semi-structured interviews with 15 of the 550 nurses employed at the hospital, at which point data saturation was reached. The transcribed data were then analysed using thematic analysis. The collected data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach.

RESULTS: The findings were synthesised under three themes: facilitators of nurses’ participation in CPD, barriers to nurses’ participation in CPD and recommendations for improvements.

CONCLUSION: Time constraints, a shortage of nurses, limited access to digital technologies, a lack of funding for CPD training and a lack of accredited CPD service providers are major barriers to participation in CPD training. Strengthening communication and collaboration between health workers, CPD providers and management are specifically organisational factors seen as crucial to successful staff development.Contribution: The findings from this study can be used to create some targeted interventions and ongoing strategies to enhance nurses’ compliance with CPD requirements.

PMID:40035107 | DOI:10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2637