Nevin Manimala

CVIR Endovasc. 2025 Feb 27;8(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s42155-025-00530-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The venous uptake following the application of Everolimus-coated balloons is under reported. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and Everolimus (EVR) deliverability of a novel non-commercially available Everolimus-Coated Balloon (ECB) catheter in a swine healthy peripheral vein model.

METHODS: In total 12 ECBs (5.0 μg/mm²) were inflated in 12 venous segments. The primary feasibility endpoint was the successful application of the ECB at the target venous sites. The primary efficacy endpoint was the successful drug uptake by the target venous tissue at 24 h and 7 days, assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from major adverse events.

RESULTS: Everolimus was detected in 10 out of 12 (83.33%) tissue samples (all six tissue samples at 24 h post-intervention and in four out of six samples at 7 days). The mean weight of the examined tissue was 0.20604 ± 0.29822 g (range: 0.37475-0.02229 g). The average EVR tissue content detected at 24 h (135.67 ± 204.95 μg/g) was numerically superior, but non-statistically significant to the that detected 7 days post-procedure (96.85 ± 110.89 μg/g). The average quantity of EVR on the balloon after retrieval was 33.9% of the initial drug dose. No adverse events were recorded, and no abnormalities were noted during autopsy.

CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed ECB successfully delivered Everolimus within the healthy venous wall. No adverse events were noted at a short-term follow-up.

RELEVANCE STATEMENT: These safety and feasibility results justify further experimental and clinical research to demonstrate the safety efficacy the specific balloon catheter.

PMID:40014181 | DOI:10.1186/s42155-025-00530-5

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Feb 27;57(2):83. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04358-y.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to quantify the carbon footprint (CF) from Fleckvieh cattle production systems in the Amazon region of Peru. Ten farms distributed across four provinces: Chachapoyas (System I; n = 2), Bongara (System II; n = 4), Rodriguez de Mendoza (System III; n = 2), and Utcubamba (System IV; n = 2) were assessed. Parameters such as average live weight, animal units (AU), dry matter intake, fat and protein-corrected milk (FPCM), digestibility, and protein content of consumed forage were analyzed. CF was calculated using the 2019 Refinement to 2006 IPCC guidelines. The database was analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s statistical test (p < 0.05) to compare the systems. A Pearson correlation was carried out to observe the variables association level. Results revealed a CF of 2.50, 2.70 and 2.65 kg CO₂eq/kg FPCM by biophysical allocation, according to Global Warming Potential 2007, 2014 and 2021, respectively. Enteric methane (82.6%) and nitrous oxide from manure management (17.2%) were the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Positive correlations were found between methane and nitrous oxide emissions whit total FPCM (r = 0.94), total AU (r = 0.99), and low-producing animals (r = 0.96). System I exhibited the lowest enteric methane emissions, suggesting better livestock and feed management. The study highlights the need to optimize herd composition, increase production levels, and reduce low-producing animals to mitigate CF. Additionally, improving forage quality (increasing the digestibility) enhances milk production, securing the economic well-being of smallholder farmers and agricultural sustainability in the Amazon region.

PMID:40014177 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-025-04358-y

Neurosurg Rev. 2025 Feb 27;48(1):270. doi: 10.1007/s10143-025-03435-y.

ABSTRACT

Hemilaminectomy is a less invasive surgical option than laminectomy for spinal tumors, but which method provides better results remains to be determined. Thus, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing outcomes between the two approaches. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies comparing hemilaminectomy to laminectomy in patients who underwent spinal tumor resection until August 2024. The outcomes were total resection rate, neurological deterioration, postoperative complications, length of stay, operative time, and estimated blood loss. Statistical analysis was performed via R software (version 4.4.1). Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. We included 12 studies with 1047 patients, of whom 405 (38.7%) underwent hemilaminectomy. The mean age was 56.6 ± 7.5 years. The mean follow-up ranged from 1 to 60 months. Among the tumors, 44.8% were meningiomas, and 57.4% were located in the thoracic spine. With no significant difference between hemilaminectomy and laminectomy in terms of the total resection rate achieved (RR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.98-1.11, I² = 38%), hemilaminectomy showed lower neurological deterioration (RR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35-0.81, I² = 0%) and postoperative complications (RR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39-0.86, I² = 12%). Furthermore, the length of stay (MD -2.91 days, 95% CI: -4.98 to -0.85; I² = 90%), operative time (MD -26.44 min, 95% CI: -46.22 to -6.67; I² = 61%), and estimated blood loss (MD -115.64 mL, 95% CI: -175.68 to -55.60; I² = 78%) were significantly lower in hemilaminectomy. Hemilaminectomy is associated with lower neurological deterioration, postoperative complications, operation time, length of stay, and estimated blood loss. Therefore, our results might suggest that hemilaminectomy may be a more promising and preferable alternative to laminectomy.

PMID:40014169 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-025-03435-y

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2025 Feb 27;15(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12348-025-00471-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endophthalmitis is a rare but severe eye inflammatory disorder caused by bacterial infection that can occur after cataract surgery. Most bacteria are part of the patient’s natural flora, and even with antibiotic treatment, it causes considerable ocular morbidity and vision loss.

PURPOSE: To investigate the preoperative conjunctival flora and their antibiotic susceptibility in patients undergoing cataract surgery at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, a tertiary ophthalmology center in Baghdad, Iraq.

METHODS: This cross-sectional, single-center study based on conjunctival swabs of patients prior to cataract surgery and cultured using blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and Sabouraud agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using Gram staining and biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Statistics Version 23.

RESULTS: A total of 200 patients (200 conjunctival swabs of consecutive 200 eyes) scheduled for cataract surgery were included. Positive cultures were found in 45 (24%) patients. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated microorganism (75% of isolates), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14.58%), Aspergillus species (6.25%), and E. coli (4.17%). S. epidermidis showed the highest sensitivity to ofloxacin (97.2%) and chloramphenicol (94.4%) and the lowest sensitivity to fusidic acid (11.1%) and ceftazidime (5.6%). S. aureus exhibited the highest sensitivity to chloramphenicol (100%) and tobramycin (85.7%) but was completely resistant to ceftazidime and fusidic acid (100% resistance). E. coli isolates were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and chloramphenicol.

CONCLUSION: The study revealed conjunctival microbial colonization in 24% of cataract surgery candidates, with S. epidermidis being the most prevalent isolate. Chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, Tobramycin, and Ciprofloxacin showed high sensitivity. Fusidic acid and Ceftazidime exhibited negligible sensitivity.

PMID:40014159 | DOI:10.1186/s12348-025-00471-z

J Clin Ultrasound. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1002/jcu.23943. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound provides an advantage for obtaining vascular access in deep peripheral veins. Short-axis imaging gives the spatial relationship between the needle and the blood vessel, while long-axis allows for visualization of the whole length of the needle. Biplane imaging allows for simultaneous visualization of both views.

METHODS: Thirty participants were enrolled to assess whether biplane imaging provided an advantage for placing intravenous (IV) catheters in a commercially available phantom. Volunteers then performed 6 ultrasound guided attempts to place an IV, with the ultrasound view randomized between either biplane or single-plane imaging. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman correlation analyses were used for data analysis by the study biostatistician using SAS software version 9.4 (Cary, NC).

RESULTS: Only one participant had prior experience with the biplane modality. Across both imaging modalities, prior experience and comfort with placing IVs with ultrasound were correlated with better performance. Biplane imaging had significantly fewer mean needle redirections, 1.5 versus 2.1 (p = 0.002), and fewer mean posterior vessel wall penetration complications, 0.1 versus 0.3 (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference in time to successful placement or the number of attempts between conditions.

DISCUSSION: While there was no significant difference in time to IV placement, other outcomes were consistent with the study’s hypothesis that biplane imaging would provide an advantage. Further studies are needed to evaluate if skills performed on phantoms are transferable to patient care.

PMID:40013427 | DOI:10.1002/jcu.23943

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c00725. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This paper reports how the local nanoscale curvature on nanoparticle constructs determines the protein corona distribution in biological conditions. Using transmission electron microscopy, we found that DNA-gold nanostar nanoconstructs (DNA-AuNS) having positive-curvature tips <5 nm in radius showed less dense and less uniform protein corona layers compared to 50 nm gold nanospheres (DNA-50NPs). Statistical analysis based on type of curvature on AuNS revealed that the protein layer thickness on the tips was lower than that on the neutral and negative curvature regions. Since protein coronas screen ligands on nanoparticles, we used DNA hybridization to evaluate whether local ligand functionality was preserved after adsorption of proteins. DNA-AuNS nanoconstructs with less dense protein coronas hybridized more 5 nm gold nanosphere probes (5NPs) compared to DNA-50NPs. Without the protein corona layer, the two classes of nanoconstructs hybridized higher numbers of 5NPs, and differences due to NP shape were minimal. Notably, we found that the tips of DNA-AuNS nanoconstructs exhibited higher percentages of hybridization compared to neutral and negative curvature regions; this trend was independent of DNA sequence. Our work demonstrates the importance of nanoconstruct curvature in mitigating local protein adsorption and preserving ligand functionality at the single-particle level.

PMID:40013422 | DOI:10.1021/acsami.5c00725

Psychophysiology. 2025 Feb;62(2):e70025. doi: 10.1111/psyp.70025.

ABSTRACT

Previous research has produced mixed results regarding the relationship between sleep and cardiovascular reactivity to acute mental stress. This study aimed to re-analyze this relationship as well as test the relationship between sleep and stress-related changes in baroreflex function in order to further clarify the relationship between sleep and stress reactivity. Participants (N = 127, 84 female, mean age = 20.64, 78 White) completed a mental arithmetic stress task, while measures of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and baroreflex function were undertaken. Participants self-reported sleep duration, timing, efficiency, quality, latency, and wake after sleep onset the night prior to testing. Mental stress caused significant increases in HR and BP and significant decreases in baroreflex sensitivity and effectiveness (all p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant relationships were found between any measures of sleep and HR or BP reactivity (all p ≥ 0.05). Similarly, stress-induced changes in baroreflex function were not associated with any measures of sleep (all p ≥ 0.05). Results suggest that self-reported sleep is not related to cardiovascular or baroreflex reactivity to acute mental stress.

PMID:40013404 | DOI:10.1111/psyp.70025

Int J Eat Disord. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1002/eat.24404. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Eating disorders (EDs) are common among university students, yet most students with EDs do not have access to ED-related care on their campuses.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to test the initial acceptability and feasibility of Help for Overcoming Problem Eating (HOPE), the first digital single-session intervention designed to reduce binge eating for college students with non-low-weight binge-spectrum EDs.

METHOD: Seventy-five university students with non-low-weight binge-spectrum EDs completed HOPE and answered questions about the acceptability and user perceptions of the program following completion. They also completed baseline, 1-week, and 4-week follow-up questionnaires assessing ED symptoms.

RESULTS: Of the eligible participants (N = 190), 70.52% (n = 134) consented to the study, 42.63% (n = 81) started HOPE, and 39.47% (n = 75) completed HOPE. Descriptive statistics showed that HOPE was highly acceptable, with a scaled mean overall acceptability score of 4.35 out of 5. Paired Sample t-tests showed that there were significant reductions in binge eating (p < 0.001, 1-week d = 0.86, 4-week d = 0.98), restricting (p < 0.001, 1-week d = 0.52, 4-week d = 0.41), and cognitive restraint (p < 0.001, 1-week d = 0.63, 4-week d = 0.87) following HOPE completion.

DISCUSSION: Results demonstrated the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of HOPE for those who completed the intervention. Further testing in a randomized controlled trial design is warranted. Although the current findings provided promising pilot feasibility data, additional research is needed to identify reasons for attrition/nonparticipation to reduce barriers for study completion.

PMID:40013388 | DOI:10.1002/eat.24404

Nurs Crit Care. 2025 Mar;30(2):e70002. doi: 10.1111/nicc.70002.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alarm fatigue negatively impacts nurse well-being and patient safety. Exposure to many alarms causes nurses to become unresponsive to alarms. However, nurses with moral courage are expected to take alarms seriously and maintain patient safety despite challenging circumstances.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the mediating role of moral courage in the relationship between alarm fatigue and patient safety climate among surgical ICU and OR nurses.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. The study sample consisted of 268 nurses who had worked in hospital surgical ICUs and ORs for at least 6 months, volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected between April and May 2024, using the Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire, the Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale, and the Patient Safety Climate Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and mediation analyses. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist.

RESULTS: Nurses’ alarm fatigue score was 15.45 ± 6.20, moral courage score was 4.11 ± 0.56, and patient safety climate score was 3.69 ± 0.60. Scale scores significantly differed between surgical ICU nurses and OR nurses. Alarm fatigue negatively affected both moral courage and patient safety climate. Moral courage positively affected patient safety climate. The study confirmed the mediating effect of moral courage on the relationship between alarm fatigue and patient safety climate.

CONCLUSIONS: Alarm fatigue among ICU and OR nurses is a risk factor that threatens the patient safety climate. Moral courage can reduce the negative impact of alarm fatigue on the patient safety climate. This courage makes nursing practice safer and raises the standard of care.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Moral courage was found to contribute positively to the relationship between alarm fatigue and patient safety climate. It is recommended that nurse managers focus their efforts on reducing alarm fatigue and increasing moral courage at the unit level to improve patient safety climate.

PMID:40013358 | DOI:10.1111/nicc.70002

Head Neck. 2025 Feb 27. doi: 10.1002/hed.28125. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to report and evaluate the efficacy of using a novel submental flap for addressing laryngeal stenosis.

METHODS: This study involved patients with glottic and supraglottic laryngeal stenosis following horizontal/vertical partial laryngectomy who were refractory to repeated interventions. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to demonstrate the decannulation, and the Mantel-Cox Log-rank test was used to compare the rate difference in quality-of-life subgroup analysis.

RESULTS: The average follow-up time was 30.04 ± 10.60 for all included patients; the flap survival was 100%, with only one patient in the horizontal laryngectomy group reported to have a flap-related complication. The decannulation rate was 93.75% and 80% in the horizontal and vertical groups, respectively, without any statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The average decannulation time was 10.17 ± 5.24 weeks in the horizontal group and 12.25 ± 5.56 in the vertical group.

CONCLUSION: The modified submental flap technique provides a convenient and effective approach for laryngeal reconstruction in patients with postoperative laryngeal stenosis.

PMID:40013344 | DOI:10.1002/hed.28125