Nevin Manimala

Int Ophthalmol. 2026 Apr 22;46(1):209. doi: 10.1007/s10792-026-04081-z.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toric foldable intraocular lens (IOL) for high astigmatism correction in eyes with prior penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

METHODS: Clinical data were retrospectively collected at baseline and 12 months postoperatively from pseudophakic patients with high astigmatism (> 2 D), and previous PK, who underwent implantation of customized foldable toric IOLs using the piggyback technique. Uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity (UCVA, BCVA), manifest refraction, keratometry, refractive and topographic cylinder, endothelial cell count (ECC), and complications were assessed. To account for inter-eye correlation, analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations (GEE), and estimated differences (est.) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.

RESULTS: Fourteen eyes of 11 patients (2 women, 9 men; mean age 62 ± 21 years) were included. The mean interval between PK and piggyback implantation was 24.18 years. Uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity improved at 12 months (UCVA: est. – 0.69 logMAR; 95% CI, – 0.84 to – 0.54; p < 0.001; BCVA: est. – 0.20 logMAR; 95% CI, – 0.29 to – 0.11; p < 0.001). Total refractive astigmatism was reduced (est. – 4.09 diopters; 95% CI, – 5.20 to – 2.99; p < 0.001), whereas topographic astigmatism remained unchanged (est. – 0.03 diopters; 95% CI, – 0.21 to 0.16; p = 0.76). Endothelial cell count did not show a statistically significant change over time (est. – 67.8 cells/mm²; 95% CI, – 139.6 to 4.0; p = 0.07). One eye experienced recurrent IOL rotation (80°), requiring explant and replacement.

CONCLUSIONS: The favorable refractive outcomes and safety profile support the use of the piggyback technique with a customized toric foldable IOL for correcting high astigmatism in pseudophakic eyes that have undergone PK many years before. Larger sample size and prospective study are needed.

PMID:42018245 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-026-04081-z

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2026 Apr 22;217(2):27. doi: 10.1007/s10549-026-07967-9.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Detecting malignancy before gender-affirming chest masculinization surgery (GACMS) can alter surgical planning and prevent reoperation, yet a lack of standardized preoperative breast imaging guidelines has resulted in inconsistent, surgeon-dependent practices and potential missed diagnoses. Limited data evaluating the efficacy of pre-GACMS imaging further contributes to this gap. This study aimed to characterize patterns, indications, and outcomes of preoperative breast imaging before GACMS, and to assess the impact of preoperative imaging on cancer detection, surgical decision-making, and timing to surgery.

METHODS: A single-institution, retrospective review of adults who underwent GACMS between January 2017-September 2024 was conducted. Descriptive statistics summarize preoperative imaging frequency, indications, modalities, outcomes, and postoperative pathology. Alterations in surgical management based on preoperative versus postoperative cancer detection, as well as an institution-wide screening algorithm, are described.

RESULTS: Of 368 patients, 91.8% (n = 338) were under 40 (mean 27.2, range 18-63). Preoperative breast imaging was recommended in 11.7% (n = 43) and performed in 11.1% (n = 41). Modalities included screening mammography (70.7%, n = 29), diagnostic mammography (29.3%, n = 12), MRI (9.8%, n = 4), and ultrasound (7.3%, n = 3). Indications included age (41.9%, n = 18), family history (30.2%, n = 13), physical exam finding (23.3%, n = 10), and BRCA2 mutation (2.3%, n = 1). Imaging revealed irregular findings in 17.1% (n = 7), with malignancy confirmed in 2 patients (4.9% of imaged; 0.5% overall). One patient who did not receive preoperative imaging was found to have invasive ductal carcinoma on postoperative pathology, resulting in 0.8% (n = 3) overall breast cancer diagnoses perioperatively. Preoperative detection altered surgical planning. Median time to surgery did not significantly differ between imaged and non-imaged patients (3.1 vs. 3.7 months, p = 0.2).

CONCLUSION: Preoperative breast cancer imaging before GACMS identified malignancies that significantly influenced surgical planning, preventing additional procedures postoperatively. Implementing a decision-making algorithm could guide and standardize breast imaging before GACMS.

PMID:42018242 | DOI:10.1007/s10549-026-07967-9

Cell Tissue Bank. 2026 Apr 22;27(2):23. doi: 10.1007/s10561-026-10223-5.

ABSTRACT

This study assessed pregnant women’s awareness and attitudes toward umbilical cord blood donation and banking, and identified independent factors associated with awareness. This study was conducted in Gaziantep Province, Turkey, between March and June 2025, using a descriptive, cross-sectional design involving 204 pregnant women. Participants were recruited using a non-probability convenience sampling method. Data were collected via an online questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge and attitudes towards umbilical cord blood donation and banking. Awareness levels were categorized as “no knowledge”, “limited knowledge”, and “sufficient knowledge”, and dichotomized as “insufficient” versus “partial/sufficient” for regression analysis. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. In addition to descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with awareness of umbilical cord blood donation and banking. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The average age of the pregnant women was 30.38 ± 4.48. Only 3.9% had sufficient knowledge about UCB donation and banking, while the majority (96.1%) had never received any information about UCB donation, and none had ever donated before. The main reason for not donating was a lack of information (89.7%). The income and education level of the pregnant women were significantly associated with their knowledge and attitudes towards UCB donation and banking (p < 0.05). A family history of disease positively influenced knowledge and attitudes (p < 0.05), whereas religious beliefs negatively influenced donation intentions. Again, most pregnant women (79.9%) stated that they wanted to receive education about UCB donation and banking. Binary logistic regression analysis identified education level as the strongest independent predictor of awareness. In light of these findings, education on UCB donation and banking should be included in prenatal care processes. Involving women, families, and communities in awareness-raising initiatives can increase knowledge and participation in donation programmes.

PMID:42018221 | DOI:10.1007/s10561-026-10223-5

Eur Radiol. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12551-2. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42018184 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12551-2

Eur Radiol. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12541-4. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42018183 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12541-4

Eur Radiol. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12552-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42018182 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12552-1

Eur Radiol. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12542-3. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42018181 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12542-3

Tech Coloproctol. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s10151-026-03304-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early age at diagnosis in Crohn’s disease is linked to aggressive phenotypes, yet evidence regarding its impact on surgical risk remains inconsistent. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between age at diagnosis, utilizing Vienna and Montreal classifications, and surgical prognosis in patients undergoing ileocecal resection.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a prospective database identified 810 patients undergoing ileocecal resection between 2014 and 2022. Patients were stratified by Vienna (< 40 versus > 40 years) and Montreal (A1, A2, A3) classifications. Primary end points included 30-day overall complications, serious complications, reoperation and readmission. Statistical analysis employed multivariable regression, propensity score matching, G-computation and Random Forest models to adjust for confounders.

RESULTS: Baseline characteristics differed significantly: younger patients exhibited more penetrating disease and biologic exposure, while older patients had higher ASA scores and comorbidities. After robust adjustment, the Vienna and Montreal age classification showed no significant association with postoperative complications, serious complications, reoperation or readmission. Random Forest analysis consistently identified ASA score and comorbidities, rather than age at onset, as the dominant predictors of surgical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Age at diagnosis does not independently predict short-term surgical outcomes after ileocecal resection. Postoperative morbidity is driven primarily by general health markers, such as ASA score, rather than disease onset timing. These findings highlight the need for validated disease-specific risk scores.

PMID:42018163 | DOI:10.1007/s10151-026-03304-w

Eur J Pediatr. 2026 Apr 22;185(5):288. doi: 10.1007/s00431-026-06930-6.

ABSTRACT

The rapid rise of short video consumption among children and adolescents has raised concerns regarding its associations with cognitive and emotional functioning. This study aimed to examine whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies predict short video addiction levels in children aged 10-14 and to explore the relationship between specific emotion regulation strategies and short video addiction. A descriptive and correlational research design was employed. The study was conducted between January and June 2025 with 202 middle school students aged 10-14. Participants completed an Information Form, the Short Video Addiction Scale (SVAS), and the Turkish Child Version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-k). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. The mean age of the participants was 12.12 years (SD = 1.24). Most were female (52.97%) and enrolled in the 7th grade (30.20%). SVAS scores were positively correlated with self-blame (r = .21, p < .05), putting into perspective (r = .20, p < .05), and catastrophizing (r = .24, p < .01), indicating that higher levels of short video addiction were associated with greater reliance on maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Regression analysis identified catastrophizing as a significant predictor of short video addiction scores (B = 0.59, p < .05), indicating that greater use of catastrophizing was associated with higher levels of short video addiction.

CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, particularly self-blame and catastrophizing, are associated with higher levels of short video addiction among children. These results highlight the importance of interventions that strengthen adaptive emotion regulation skills as a potential approach to preventing or reducing problematic short video use in childhood.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Short video use is increasingly common among children and may be associated with cognitive and emotional functioning. • Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, such as self-blame and catastrophizing, are linked to poorer emotional and behavioral outcomes in children.

WHAT IS NEW: • Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies are associated with higher levels of short video addiction in children aged 10-14. • Catastrophizing significantly predicts short video addiction, identifying a potential target for early prevention and intervention efforts.

PMID:42018161 | DOI:10.1007/s00431-026-06930-6

Diabetologia. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00125-026-06740-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Ethnic disparities in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus are well documented in multiethnic urban populations, but the contributions of migration status and mental health are less well understood. This study used a large dataset from primary care centres in South London that is unique in that it includes migration-related information together with information on mental and physical health comorbidities. We aimed to assess how migration status and mental health contribute to longitudinal associations of ethnicity and type 2 diabetes risk in a multiethnic urban population.

METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study (2012-2019) of approximately 340,000 adults without baseline type 2 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards models were applied with sequential adjustments: first for age and sex; second, adding migration status (country of birth being UK or not); and third, further adding mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, severe mental illness), physical health factors (BMI, hypertension and other macrovascular diseases) and area-level deprivation. This approach allowed us to examine whether ethnic differences in the incidence of type 2 diabetes persist after accounting for additional factors.

RESULTS: South Asian, Black African and Black Caribbean groups had 2-3-fold higher type 2 diabetes risks compared with White British individuals, which were only partially explained by socioeconomic and clinical factors. Being born outside the UK increased type 2 diabetes risk by 29% across all ethnic groups. Depression/anxiety and severe mental illness were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. No statistical evidence of strong interactions between these factors was obtained.

CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Ethnicity, migration status and mental health conditions were each independently associated with type 2 diabetes risk, and ethnic disparities persisted after adjustment. The lack of evidence for interactions suggests that migration- and mental health-related mechanisms may operate similarly across ethnic groups rather than amplifying or mitigating existing disparities in type 2 diabetes rates. Efforts to reduce diabetes inequalities will require both support for post‑migration challenges and addressing of the broader structural and environmental determinants underlying persistent ethnic disparities.

PMID:42018145 | DOI:10.1007/s00125-026-06740-3