Nevin Manimala

J Atten Disord. 2025 Feb 18:10870547251319861. doi: 10.1177/10870547251319861. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the percentage of U.S. working-age (18- to 64-year-old) adults in 2023 who self-reported ever being diagnosed with ADHD by a health care professional.

METHOD: We analyze data from the 2023 National Wellbeing Survey (N = 7,053) to estimate self-reported lifetime ADHD diagnosis status among working-age adults, overall and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, nativity, education, and rural-urban residence.

RESULTS: Among U.S. working-age adults in 2023, we estimate that 13.9% (95% confidence interval [13.0%, 15.0%]) self-reported ever being diagnosed with ADHD by a health care professional. We find statistically significant variation by each of the demographic variables analyzed, with higher rates among working-age adults who are female, younger, non-Hispanic White, U.S.-born, less well-educated, and residing in metro areas with 250,000 to 1 million people (relative to those living in metro areas with 1+ million population).

CONCLUSION: The percentage of U.S. working-age adults who self-report in 2023 that they have ever been diagnosed with ADHD by a health care professional (13.9%) is substantially higher than estimates from 2012 (4.25%) and a 2023 estimate of 7.8% among adults of all ages (18+ years). The increase over time may reflect changes in diagnostic criteria for children and adults, greater acceptance of adult diagnosis, over- and mis-diagnosis, and methodological issues. The difference between the 2023 estimates likely reflects study-specific differences in the constructs measured, the age range of the samples, and methodological differences in the online panels used for sampling, in quality control approaches, and in post-survey weight construction. Additional data collection and empirical research is needed to validate or refine provisional estimates based on samples drawn from online panels, and to determine explanations for the observed increase over time.

PMID:39963833 | DOI:10.1177/10870547251319861

Oncologist. 2025 Feb 6;30(2):oyae320. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae320.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The impact of concurrent proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer undergoing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) treatment is currently uncertain. Considerable divergence exists regarding the clinical studies. In this study, we aim to perform a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the influence of concomitant PPI use on the effectiveness and adverse effects of CDKIs in patients with breast cancer.

METHODS: This study encompassed all pertinent clinical studies published up to the present, following the PRISMA guidelines. The study used hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) as a summary statistic and used fixed or random effects models for pooled estimation.

RESULTS: This study incorporated 10 research articles involving 2993 participants. Among patients with breast cancer undergoing treatment with CDKIs, the simultaneous administration of PPIs was associated with a notable reduction in overall survival (HR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.35-2.96). Nevertheless, no substantial correlation was observed between the simultaneous utilization of PPIs and the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients (HR = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.98-1.74). PFS did not change significantly when considering different drugs, treatment lines, or regions alone. Furthermore, the simultaneous administration of PPIs was found to result in a notable decrease in the incidence of grades 3/4 risk factors (OR = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.46-0.85).

CONCLUSION: The concurrent administration of PPIs did not result in significant alterations in the risk of disease advancement among patients with breast cancer undergoing CDKIs treatment. The utilization of PPIs led to a decrease in the adverse effects linked to the administration of CDKIs.

PMID:39963828 | DOI:10.1093/oncolo/oyae320

Oncologist. 2025 Feb 6;30(2):oyaf021. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyaf021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Traveling to healthcare facilities, particularly in the case of patients requiring frequent visits and repeated treatments, such as cancer patients, is associated with substantial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Moreover, travel burdens can delay diagnosis and negatively influence prognosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2004, a programme called territorial oncology care (TOC) was initiated in the province of Piacenza (northern Italy) to relieve travel burdens by providing treatment closer to patients’ residences. Patient management is performed by oncologists traveling from the city hospital’s oncologic ward to rural centers. Patients are managed at 3 rural hospitals and a health center called Casa della Salute. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed all files containing the schedules of patients enrolled in the TOC programme from 2 January 2017 to 31 December 2022. We calculated the driving distance (in kilometers) to the outpatient facility closest to each patient’s residence and the CO2 emissions saved compared with the distance to the city hospital.

RESULTS: A total of 2132 cancer patients on active treatment were enrolled in the TOC programme during the study period. The total travel saved by treating patients closer to their residences over this 6-year period amounted to 1 975 105 km, representing carbon emission savings of 241.56 tonnes.

CONCLUSION: Our findings show a significant reduction (241.56 tonnes) of CO2 emissions for the entire cohort of patients over a period of 6 years.Cancer patients’ travel burdens and associated carbon emissions can be substantially reduced by programmes such as TOC.

PMID:39963827 | DOI:10.1093/oncolo/oyaf021

Ann Surg. 2025 Feb 18. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006671. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A rise in the proportion of day surgery has seen a concomitant increase in the proportion of patients recovering at home. Blended eHealth is well situated to provide this group with medical support and supervision. However, a data-driven description of the heterogeneity is missing.

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinically meaningful patterns of functional recovery following abdominal surgery and describe how the emergent patient characteristics differ between them.

METHODS: This was a secondary data analysis of two datasets collected through two previously conducted RCTs. We used k-medoids clustering and Growth Mixture Modelling on the longitudinal patient reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS) physical function (PF) t-scores of 649 patients. Differences in patient characteristics between the resultant clusters were identified through statistical tests.

RESULTS: Three clusters – fast, intermediate and uneven recovery – were identified regardless of the dataset or statistical technique. A fourth cluster – relapse – was identified by both statistical techniques but only in the presence of heavy surgery. The fifth and sixth clusters – low gain and high gain – were identified for both light and heavy surgery, but only through k-medoids clustering.

CONCLUSIONS: Trajectories of physical function following abdominal surgery are heterogenous but distinct clinically meaningful patterns can be extracted. This classification may facilitate shared-decision making during pre-operative care and future research may utilize them as targets for prediction.

PMID:39963795 | DOI:10.1097/SLA.0000000000006671

J Agromedicine. 2025 Feb 18:1-14. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2025.2465639. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine the perspectives of agricultural employers and managers regarding wildfire smoke-related occupational health and safety protections. The aims were to (1) explore implementation and evaluation of the Washington (WA) State Department of Labor and Industries Wildfire Smoke Rule, (2) develop a survey to explore perspectives on the rule, and (3) examine the relationship between occupational roles and knowledge and training received related to components of the rule.

METHODS: We used exploratory sequential mixed methods, including key informant interviews with industry stakeholders, survey design, and online survey administration for agricultural employers and managers. Thematic analysis of interviews informed survey design. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze survey results.

RESULTS: Our team interviewed seven agricultural industry stakeholders. Three themes were identified: (1) competing demands and regulation fatigue, (2) workplace attitude and culture, and (3) suggestions for rule implementation and evaluation. Themes and components of the smoke rule were used to develop the survey. Of the 128 survey respondents, almost half (45.1%) reported owner or grower as their role and 39.3% reported supervisors or managers. Over half (51.6%) of respondents reported fewer than 25 employees in their workplace and 17.2% reported 250 or more employees. Respondents were from multiple WA counties and worked with various crops. Most employers and workers they supervise reported wildfire smoke exposure at work and related adverse symptoms. Almost one-third of respondents reported they had not heard of the smoke rule (33.3%). Over half of respondents have not received training on managing workers with smoke-related symptoms (53.9%). About one-third has not received training on air quality monitoring (40.0%), health effects of exposure (36.8%), and implementing protective controls (31.0%). Differences in knowledge and training on rule components by occupational role were insignificant.

CONCLUSION: Findings identify gaps in awareness and training regarding protection from wildfire smoke in the agricultural workplace, especially around symptom recognition and management. Barriers to implementing protective controls in the workplace were identified. Findings will inform targeted outreach and educational toolkits for the agricultural industry and support the development and evaluation of protective occupational health rules.

PMID:39963783 | DOI:10.1080/1059924X.2025.2465639

Circ Heart Fail. 2025 Feb 18:e011837. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.011837. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The magnitude of cognitive changes after incident heart failure (HF) is unclear. We assessed whether incident HF is associated with changes in cognition after accounting for pre-HF cognitive trajectories and known determinants of cognition.

METHODS: This pooled cohort study included adults without HF, stroke, or dementia from 6 US population-based studies from 1971 to 2019. Linear mixed-effects models estimated cognitive change with incident HF diagnosis and the rate of cognitive change over the years after HF, controlling for pre-HF cognitive trajectories and participant factors. Outcomes included change in global cognition (primary outcome), executive function, and memory (secondary outcomes). Cognitive outcomes were standardized to a t score metric (mean [SD], 50 [10]); a 1-point difference represented a 0.1-SD difference in cognition.

RESULTS: We included 29 614 adults (mean [SD] age was 61 [10] years, 55% female, 70% White). During a median follow-up of 6.6 (Q1-Q3, 5.0-19.8) years, 1407 (5%) adults received an incident diagnosis of HF. Incident HF diagnosis was associated with initial decreases in global cognition (-1.1 points [95% CI, -1.4 to -0.8]) and executive function (-0.6 points [95% CI, -1.0 to -0.3]). Larger decreases in global cognition after HF were seen with older age, female sex, and White race. Participants with incident HF diagnosis demonstrated faster and long-term declines in global cognition (-0.1 points per year [95% CI, -0.2 to -0.1]) and executive function (-0.2 points per year [95% CI, -0.2 to -0.1]). The change in memory with incident HF diagnosis was not statistically significant but showed a similar trend with an initial decline of -0.5 points (95% CI, -1.4 to +0.3) and a slope of -0.1 points per year (95% CI, -0.3 to 0.0).

CONCLUSIONS: In this pooled cohort study, incident HF diagnosis was associated with initial decreases in global cognition and executive function and faster, persistent declines in these domains at follow-up.

PMID:39963777 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.011837

Pediatr Dermatol. 2025 Feb 18. doi: 10.1111/pde.15740. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infantile hemangiomas (IH) affect 2%-10% of the pediatric population. The current standard treatment for complicated IH is oral propranolol. Propranolol initiation protocols vary depending on institution and may occur in an inpatient setting for patients <5-week-corrected-age, with a history of premature birth, and or with low weight to allow for heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and glucose monitoring.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of monitoring inpatient propranolol initiation and to evaluate if complications occurred during admission.

METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients seen at the University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology between January 01, 2012 and July 31, 2022 was completed. Inclusion criteria include less than 1 year of age at time of admission, a diagnosis of IH and or PHACE syndrome, and admission for propranolol initiation and monitoring.

RESULTS: Admissions for 78 pediatric patients were reviewed. After initiation of propranolol, significant decreases in BP (systolic p = .005; diastolic p = .002) and HR (p = .004) were noted; however, average BPs and HRs remained above the lower limit of normal. No patients experienced symptomatic hypoglycemia. No statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in vital sign alterations were observed between patients <5 versus >5 kg; preterm vs term gestation; or <5-week-corrected-age versus >5-week-corrected-age.

DISCUSSION: Our findings complement current literature confirming that propranolol initiation is safe in pediatric patients. Propranolol initiation likely requires less laboratory and vital sign monitoring than currently performed for these patient populations.

PMID:39963769 | DOI:10.1111/pde.15740

Ann Palliat Med. 2025 Jan;14(1):79-89. doi: 10.21037/apm-24-119.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In the majority of cultures, death is accompanied by a series of rituals that assist the bereaved in coping with this significant transition. However, there is a paucity of empirical literature on the organisation of such rituals. The objective of this multidisciplinary study was to collate an inventory of rituals and ritual elements. This data will be employed to develop a repertoire of rituals. The research was conducted in Germany. The participants in the second phase were primarily hospital chaplains. Consequently, the data collected primarily related to rituals anchored in a Christian context.

METHODS: We initiated a multidisciplinary research project (palliative medicine, cultural anthropology, theology) on rituals in end-of-life care. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, comprising three phases, and was conducted in Germany. In this paper, we present the results of a survey on professionals conducted using an online questionnaire. The aim was to explore the general understanding, demands, practices and further suggestions from clinical practice (phase 2). The questionnaire consisted of both open and closed questions. It should be noted that the survey did not enquire about the respondents’ religious affiliation. The responses to the closed questions were analysed statistically, while the open-ended responses were analysed qualitatively.

RESULTS: A total of 299 questionnaires were completed, primarily by chaplains, nurses, and doctors. The respondents described a wide range of rituals, and across all professions, there was a high to medium perceived need for the use of rituals for patients nearing the end of their lives and their relatives. Rituals at the end of life were found to be highly relevant in terms of providing support and structure, expressing emotions, and experiencing community. The spectrum of rituals extends from established and extensive religious rituals to smaller everyday actions that are elevated to the status of rituals.

CONCLUSIONS: As religious traditions are no longer practised by an increasing number of people; it may be reasonable to develop new rituals for the dying phase that can be adapted and used by palliative care staff to suit the respective context. These rituals could make a valuable contribution to the care of the dying, their relatives and the professional team.

PMID:39963760 | DOI:10.21037/apm-24-119

Ann Palliat Med. 2025 Jan;14(1):13-28. doi: 10.21037/apm-24-125.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the plausible role for community health workers (CHWs) in supporting historically disenfranchised patients experiencing cancer-related pain, few survivorship care models currently include CHWs. The purpose of our study was to learn from existing CHWs regarding the feasibility of working with rural dwelling and/or Hispanic/Latino patients and their cancer care teams; as well as assessing their anticipated barriers and facilitators of delivering a proposed collaborative care pain intervention [Achieving Equity through SocioCulturally-informed, Digitally-Enabled Cancer Pain managemeNT (ASCENT)].

METHODS: Guided by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) Research Framework, we recruited experienced CHWs to a mixed-methods feasibility study, including survey, interview and/or focus group. The survey assessed CHWs’ comfort level with proposed intervention-related tasks (e.g., working with patients diagnosed with cancer). Interviews and focus groups explored potential training needs, as well as perceived intervention implementation barriers and facilitators. We summarized results using descriptive statistics and a rapid qualitative analytic approach.

RESULTS: In total, 12 CHWs participated. Data included surveys (n=12), interviews (n=8), and a focus group with 4 participants. Overall, participant-CHWs felt confident they could participate in healthcare teams and remotely engage rural-dwelling and/or Hispanic/Latino patients diagnosed with cancer. Implementation barriers and facilitators included: working remotely in an unfamiliar geographic area, resource availability, technology, implementation-specific challenges, and patient level factors (e.g., loss of motivation).

CONCLUSIONS: Participant-CHWs viewed serving on a multidisciplinary healthcare team to support Hispanic/Latino and rural-dwelling cancer patients experiencing pain as feasible but identified training and resourcing needs.

PMID:39963755 | DOI:10.21037/apm-24-125

Mutagenesis. 2025 Feb 18:geaf004. doi: 10.1093/mutage/geaf004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In the comet assay, DNA damage is assessed by differences in DNA migration from gel-embedded nucleoids. Even a small difference in DNA migration between exposure groups can be statistically significant, but may invite speculation about the biological significance of such slight increases in DNA migration. A small difference can be defined as a net difference of 1-2% Tail DNA, but background levels of DNA migration typically vary already more than 1-2% Tail DNA between studies. Here we have used studies on ionizing radiation to assess lowest detectable differences in DNA migration; variation in exposure-effect relationships; variation in central tendencies of DNA migration; unsystematic (residual) variation; and the actual number of lesions detectable with the comet assay. A total of 51 studies on ionizing radiation exposure in mammalian cells have been systematically reviewed, including results from ring-trial studies where the same batch of irradiated cells has been analyzed in different laboratories. Ring-trial studies have shown that unsystematic variation is approximately 4% Tail DNA in studies on ionizing radiation. Studies on ionizing radiation in cell cultures have shown statistically significant effects when the net increase of DNA migration is 0.3-3.1% Tail DNA. Among those experiments, the ones with optimal assay conditions to detect low levels of DNA damage show statistically significant effects with doses of around 0.30 Gy, which corresponds to approximately 350 lesions per diploid cell. However, it has also been shown that the same dose of ionizing radiation can give rise to different levels of DNA migration (i.e. 0.7-7.8% Tail DNA per Gy) in different studies.. In summary, the results show that even a small statistically significant difference in DNA migration has biological significance within the same experiment, but comparisons of DNA migration values between studies have limited biological implications.

PMID:39963750 | DOI:10.1093/mutage/geaf004