The examination of Haplotypes makes it possible to understand the heritability of certain complex traits. However, genome analysis of family members is usually necessary, a tedious and expensive process. Researchers have developed SHAPEIT4, a powerful computer algorithm that allows the haplotypes of hundreds of thousands of unrelated individuals to be identified very quickly. Results are as detailed as when family analysis is performed. Their tool is available online under an open source license.
A new statistical analysis of data from a long-term study on the teaching of mathematics and science has found that smaller class sizes are not always associated with better pupil performance and achievement.
A computer betting game can help predict the likelihood that someone recovering from opioid addiction will reuse the pain-relieving drugs, a new study shows.
Getting to the doctor’s office for a check-up can be challenging for someone with a neurological disorder that impairs their movement, such as a stroke. But what if the patient could just take a video clip of their movements with a smart phone and forward the results to their doctor?
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312 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search.
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Update of the BEVQ-15, a beverage intake questionnaire for habitual beverage intake for adults: determining comparative validity and reproducibility.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020 Apr 13;:
Authors: Fausnacht AG, Myers EA, Hess EL, Davy BM, Hedrick VE
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The BEVQ-15 is a beverage intake questionnaire that estimates the habitual average daily intake of 15 beverage categories (kcal and fl oz), as well as total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and total beverages. However, subsequent to its initial validation in 2010, it has not been updated. The present study aimed to assess the convergent validity and reproducibility of the updated form of the BEVQ-15 to better reflect current beverage consumption trends.
METHODS: The study population included adults (n = 50) aged ≥18 years, recruited from a local university community. Participation consisted of three laboratory visits within a 4-week period in which the updated BEVQ-15 was administered during the first and last visit and four 24-h dietary recalls were collected. BEVQ-15 modifications included removing limits of 60 fl oz per beverage, adding a nut milk category, and providing creamer and sweetener preferences for coffee/tea categories. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing reported beverage intake between the BEVQ-15 and dietary recalls. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing both BEVQ-15 administrations. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Bland-Altman plots and Spearman’s correlations.
RESULTS: For validity, Bland-Altman plot agreement between the BEVQ-15 and recalls was in the range 92-96% for total SSB and total beverage intake. For reproducibility, all beverage categories, total SSB, and total beverage intake were significantly correlated between the two BEVQ-15 administrations (r = 0.41-0.85; P ≤ 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: This updated version of the BEVQ-15 demonstrated moderate convergent validity and reproducibility for total beverage consumption among well-educated southwest Virginia adults.
PMID: 32283572 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Fracture Toughness Comparison of Three Indirect Composite Resins Using 4-Point Flexural Strength Method.
Eur J Dent. 2020 Apr 13;:
Authors: Moradi Z, Abbasi M, Khalesi R, Tabatabaei MH, Shahidi Z
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The advantages of indirect composite restorations such as less crack formation during their computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing process, compared with ceramic restorations, have resulted in their growing popularity. However, restoration failure is a major concern with regard to the long-term clinical success of restorations and may occur as the result of propagation of a crack originated from an internal flaw in the restoration. This study aimed to compare the fracture toughness of three indirect composite resins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro experimental study, 10 specimens measuring 3 × 3 × 18 mm were fabricated of Gradia, Crios, and high impact polymer composite indirect composites. A single edge notch with a diameter < 0.3 mm and 0.3 mm length was created in the 9 mm longitudinal dimension of specimens using a no. 11 surgical scalpel. The specimens were then subjected to 4-point flexural strength test in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/s until failure.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) test. The statistical power was set at p ˂ 0.05.
RESULTS: One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in fracture toughness of the three composite groups (p = 0.000). According to the Tukey HSD analysis, the fracture toughness of HIPC was significantly higher than that of the other two composites. The fracture toughness of Gradia was significantly lower among all.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that high temperature-pressure polymerization can increase resistance to crack propagation and subsequently improve the clinical service of indirect composite restorations. Although we do not know the filler volume percentage of HIPC, it seems that filler volume percentage of the composite is inversely correlated with fracture toughness.
PMID: 32283561 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Induction versus adjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score-matched analysis.
Oral Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;105:104686
Authors: Tang SQ, Xu C, Wang XS, Tang LL, Li WF, Chen L, Mao YP, Guo R, Liu Q, Sun Y, Ma J
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and CCRT plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The propensity score-matched (PSM) method was adopted to balance variables. We identified independent prognostic factors using Cox regression analysis and compared outcomes between two chemotherapy treatment combinations for patients in different subgroups.
RESULTS: A total of 550 patients were selected by one-to-two PSM. Survival outcomes for the matched data set indicated that the IC + CCRT group achieved higher 5-year overall survival (OS; 89.3% vs 85.3%, P = 0.119), failure-free survival (FFS; 80.2% vs 79.0%, P = 0.722) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS; 87.4% vs 84.4%, P = 0.322) compared with CCRT + AC, although this was statistically non-significant. Subgroup analysis revealed that IC + CCRT was associated with significantly improved OS (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.68, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-6.22, P = 0.017), FFS (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.06-3.57, P = 0.029) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS; HR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.04-6.68, P = 0.034) in T3 disease. Moreover, this combination of treatment could significantly prolong OS (HR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.41-9.80, P = 0.004) in N2 disease. However, the superiority of CCRT + AC was only observed in LRRFS (HR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.79, P = 0.010) for the T4 subgroup.
CONCLUSION: IC + CCRT should be strongly considered by patients with LANPC, especially those with T3 or N2 disease.
PMID: 32283514 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Adipocytokines are not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus but with pregnancy status.
Cytokine. 2020 Apr 10;131:155088
Authors: Ebert T, Gebhardt C, Scholz M, Schleinitz D, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Fasshauer M, Tönjes A
Abstract
AIMS: Adipose tissue-secreted proteins, i.e. adipocytokines, have been identified as potential mediators linking fat mass and adipose tissue dysfunction with impaired glucose homeostasis, alterations in the inflammatory status, and risk of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether seven circulating adipocytokines are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or are altered by metabolic and weight changes during pregnancy itself.
METHODS: A panel of seven adipocytokines (i.e. adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, chemerin, leptin, Pro-Enkephalin, progranulin, and Pro-Neurotensin) was quantified in serum in a cross-sectional cohort of 222 women with the following three groups matched for age and body mass index: (i) 74 pregnant women with GDM; (ii) 74 pregnant women without GDM; and (iii) 74 non-pregnant and healthy women. A stepwise statistical approach was used by performing pairwise comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).
RESULTS: Five out of seven adipocytokines were dysregulated between pregnant and non-pregnant women, i.e. adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, Pro-Enkephalin, and progranulin. None of the adipocytokines significantly differed between GDM and non-GDM status during pregnancy. The same five adipocytokines clustered in a principal component representing pregnancy-induced effects. Fasting insulin was the most relevant parameter in the discrimination of GDM as compared to pregnant women without GDM, whereas chemerin and adiponectin were most relevant factors to discriminate pregnancy status.
CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy status but not presence of GDM can be distinguished by the seven investigated adipocytokines in discrimination analyses.
PMID: 32283441 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]