Nevin Manimala

Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2025 Mar 29:1-14. doi: 10.1080/17457300.2025.2485040. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Statistical modeling and data-driven studies on bicycle accidents are widespread, however, explanations of the underlying mechanisms remain limited, particularly regarding the impact of key risk factors on the bicycle crash frequency across different crash severities. This study aims to examine the effects of various risk factors on the frequency of bicycle crashes using Random Forest and Shapley Additive Explanations (RF-SHAP), taking into account the different crash severity levels. Data from three years of London crash data (2017 to 2019) is utilized. Population demographics, land use, road infrastructure, and traffic flows, are collected in Greater London. In addition to providing superior predictive accuracy, our proposed method identified critical risk factors at different levels of severity associated with bicycle crashes. The distinct contribution of this study is the identification of the primary factors influencing the severity of bicycle collisions in London through the use of RF-SHAP. The study quantifies both the main and interactive effects of various severity risk factors on bicycle collisions. Results suggest that the proportion of building areas and population density are most critical to bicycle crash numbers in different severity levels. Also, the interaction effects of the risk factors on bicycle crashes are revealed. Specifically, results reveal a negative correlation between traffic flow and overall bicycle crash frequency when the average road network connectivity is below 2.25. After controlling the population density, the proportion of residential areas shows a three-stage pattern of influence on the slight injury crash frequency. Furthermore, a boundary value of 6.3 is identified for the safety impact of road density on fatal and severely-injured bicycle crashes. Study findings should provide insights into cost-effective safety countermeasures for bicycle infrastructures, traffic controls, and safety education. Bicycle safety can be improved through these measures over the long term.

PMID:40156566 | DOI:10.1080/17457300.2025.2485040

Indian J Dent Res. 2024 Oct 1;35(4):454-458. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_500_24. Epub 2025 Mar 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Composite resin restoration is technique sensitive, where there is poor control over moisture leading to incomplete polymerization of the monomers. Hence, it is imperative to study a material which improves the mechanical and physical properties of the resin composite in the moist, oral environment, which is less affected by the saliva.

AIM: The aim of this study was to synthesize composite resin by combining water soluble photoinitiator such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) (type II) and camphorquinone (CQ) photoinitiator (type I) and to investigate mechanical and physical properties with and without salivary contamination when compared to traditional composite with CQ alone.

METHODOLOGY: Experimental composite resin was synthesized by combining water soluble photoinitiator such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) with CQ photoinitiator. Samples were prepared based on ISO 4049 guidelines and divided into experimental composite with salivary contamination (n = 50), and without salivary contamination (n = 50) and traditional composite (SOLARE X-GC company) with salivary contamination (n = 50) and without salivary contamination (n = 50). Properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, shear bond strength, degree of conversion, and depth of cure were evaluated.

RESULTS: Experimental composite with salivary contamination had shown statistically significant difference in mechanical and physical properties when compared to traditional composite.

CONCLUSION: This study concluded that combining water soluble photoinitiator such as TPO (type II) with CQ (type I) provides a synergistic effect by increasing the mechanical properties under salivary conditions.

PMID:40156531 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_500_24

Indian J Dent Res. 2024 Oct 1;35(4):443-448. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_146_24. Epub 2025 Mar 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Composites are prone to time-dependent bond degradation. Many measures have been taken to stabilize the bond.

AIM: This in vitro study aims to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with 1,2,3,4-Butane Tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) on the micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of composite resin to dentine and to compare it with the pretreatment using 2% chlorhexidine (CHX).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Permanent molars (40) extracted for periodontal reasons were selected. Dentine surfaces were exposed using a diamond bur, preconditioned with BTCA for the test group (SIGMA-ALDRICH) and with CHX for the control group, followed by the application of self-etch adhesive (GC G-Premio bond) and composite restoration (GC Solare X). Each group was subdivided to be tested as: Group 1A: after 24 hours with BTCA; Group 1B: after 1 month with BTCA; Group 2A: after 24 hours with CHX; Group 2B: after 1 month with CHX. The µTBS was tested using a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was determined using a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULT: BTCA pretreatment was able to preserve the bond slightly better than the control group, though not statistically significant either at 24 hours (P = 0.492) or 1 month (P = 0.181). There was no significant reduction in the µTBS between immediate testing and 1-month storage for both groups (P = 0.213 for acid; P = 0.914 for CHX). The mode of failure was predominantly cohesive for both groups, with fewer adhesive failures.

CONCLUSIONS: BTCA pre-conditioning is capable of preserving the dentin-composite bond as efficiently as CHX.

PMID:40156530 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_146_24

Indian J Dent Res. 2024 Oct 1;35(4):438-442. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_308_24. Epub 2025 Mar 29.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Tooth preparations have traditionally been graded using a visual system that either subjectively assigns a single mark (global grading) or objectively divides the grade into several smaller categories. (analytical grading using rubrics). The objective of this study is to determine how effectively rubrics work for evaluating dental students’ performance in crown preparation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this double-blind study, 89 fourth-year dental students and three senior faculty members with master’s degrees in operative dental sciences participated. To create a metal-ceramic crown, the students prepared an acrylic tooth. The parameters for evaluating the preparation were explained in detail to the students. The three senior faculty members evaluated different aspects of the preparation using an analytical rubric based on a 10-point scale. For statistical analysis, post hoc Tukey tests, ANOVA, and descriptive statistics were employed.

RESULT: One-way ANOVA showed no significant differences among the seniors for all criteria except for margin placement and two-plane reduction. There were no significant differences in the total degree of student performance among seniors; however, the highest score was given by Senior 2 (6.421 ± 1.2058), and the lowest score was given by Senior 3 (6.042 ± 1.9085). The weakest areas in the student’s tooth preparations were two-plane reduction and preservation of adjacent teeth, which received the lowest student scores (48.10% and 49.10%, respectively).

CONCLUSION: An analytical rubric is a useful tool for identifying dental students’ mistakes and areas of weakness.

PMID:40156529 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_308_24

Acta Ophthalmol. 2025 Mar 29. doi: 10.1111/aos.17491. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To design a vergence-based lens power formula based on the classical Haigis formula for better outcomes while retaining the original formula architecture.

METHODS: Four new formula variants (A-D) incorporating a sum of segments correction for axial length, harmonic mean of corneal radii instead of arithmetic mean (all variants), and differing combinations of lower keratometer index (C, D) and an additional term (a3) representing the lens thickness in the effective lens position (B, D) were assessed in an analysis based on four datasets of IOLMaster 700 biometric data for eyes treated with the Hoya Vivinex lens (dataset 1), Alcon SA60AT lens (2), Johnson & Johnson ZCB00 lens (3), and the Bausch & Lomb MX60 lens (4). All parameters (formula constants and keratometer index) were calculated by nonlinear iterative optimisation techniques for minimising the root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE). Performance was assessed in terms of the final RMSPE.

RESULTS: All four variants showed reductions in RMSPE ranging from 2.8% to 12.6% over the original Haigis formula. For each of the four datasets, variants B and D (with the additional a3 constant) performed better in this respect than variants A and C. In all four cases, variants C and D (with the adjusted keratometer index) performed slightly better than A and B, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Although not amenable to statistical analysis, the % improvements in RMSPE would appear to be clinically relevant. However, the benefit has to be proven in a prospective multicentric study with a large sample size.

PMID:40156502 | DOI:10.1111/aos.17491

Clin Psychol Psychother. 2025 Mar-Apr;32(2):e70069. doi: 10.1002/cpp.70069.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Although early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been linked to suicidal ideation, their heterogeneous nature has not been fully explored in this relationship. This study sought to identify distinct latent profiles based on 18 EMSs in a clinical sample and examine how these profiles differ in relation to suicidal ideation and suicide risk factors, such as perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and fearlessness about death.

METHOD: Data from routine clinical assessments of 799 outpatients with mood disorders (aged 18-49 years, 513 female, 286 male, M_age = 28.71) were analysed. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify distinct EMS profiles, and their associations with suicide risk factors were examined using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars method.

RESULTS: Five distinct EMS profiles emerged: Low, Below Average, Above Average, Specific Elevation and High Risk. The Specific Elevation profile demonstrated specifically elevated levels of social isolation/alienation, defectiveness/shame, failure, dependence/incompetence and insufficient self-control/self-discipline, while the levels of most other schemas were similar to the Above Average profile. The High Risk profile showed elevated levels across all schemas. Both the Specific Elevation profile and the High Risk profile exhibited the highest levels of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation, with no significant differences between them. Fearlessness about death did not differ among the profiles.

CONCLUSION: The identified EMS profiles offer unique utility in predicting perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation. The specific schemas that showed elevation in the Specific Elevation profile may serve as promising targets for mitigating suicide risk in patients with mood disorders.

PMID:40156497 | DOI:10.1002/cpp.70069

Pain Pract. 2025 Apr;25(4):e70024. doi: 10.1111/papr.70024.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess the influence of contrast material distribution patterns on treatment success in patients with chronic coccygodynia undergoing ganglion impar block (GIB).

METHODS: An evaluation was conducted on 58 patients who underwent GIB from August 2021 to August 2023 at a university hospital’s interventional pain management center. Numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were recorded before the procedure and at 1-month post-procedure. The patients were categorized into two groups based on treatment success, defined as at least a 50% reduction in the NRS score at 1 month.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, gender, BMI, symptom duration, comorbidities, coccyx curvature type, presence of anterior/posterior subluxation, presence of posterior spicule, type of approach, contrast distribution direction, and contrast dye level. Patients with coccygodynia experienced statistically significant benefits from GIB treatment at the 1-month follow-up (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Although the use of contrast material in fluoroscopic procedures is the gold standard to prevent possible complications, the distribution pattern of contrast does not significantly affect the success of GIB treatment in patients with coccygodynia. Further prospective and long-term follow-up studies are required to validate these findings.

PMID:40156492 | DOI:10.1111/papr.70024

Acta Ophthalmol. 2025 Mar 29. doi: 10.1111/aos.17485. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To use artificial intelligence (AI) for quantifying schisis volume (ASV) in X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) for use as a structural endpoint in gene therapy clinical trials.

METHODS: We used data from Singapore, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. The AI model was developed on 250 optical coherence tomography (OCT) slices, with human annotation of schisis cavities (Dataset 1). ASV was quantified on Dataset 2 – 16 OCT scans from 8 eyes with XLRS at two time points, and Dataset 4 – 62 OCT scans from 31 eyes at two time points before and after carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) treatment. A clinical trial was simulated comparing CAI treatment against control. Changes in ASV, central subfield thickness (CST) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were compared. Effect size (Cohen’s d) of the three structural endpoints was determined and used in sample size calculations for a future XLRS gene therapy clinical trial, at a 0.05 significance level and 80% power.

RESULTS: In the simulated clinical trial, all structural metrics showed greater reductions with intervention than with control, but only change in ASV reached statistical significance (p = 0.004). Cohen’s d for ASV, CST and CFT were 0.972, 0.685 and 0.521, respectively. For the future gene therapy clinical trial, sample sizes required in each arm for ASV, CST and CFT were 18, 35 and 59 participants, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: ASV measurements can track changes in schisis volume in response to treatment. As an endpoint, ASV has a greater statistical effect size than CST/CFT, which reduces sample size requirements for future XLRS gene therapy clinical trials.

PMID:40156473 | DOI:10.1111/aos.17485

Health Promot Pract. 2025 Mar 29:15248399251327962. doi: 10.1177/15248399251327962. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Film documentaries are an important approach for capturing the public’s attention and elevating discussions about uncomfortable or hidden topics such as death and dying, yet little attention has been given to documenting the grief experience of bereaved parents. This article focuses on one specific Collaborative Filmmaking project, Visualizing Loss, and explores the impact of participant-created film from the perspective of the audience members who attended a premiere screening. Audience members were invited to complete a post-screening survey that included questions assessing their knowledge, attitudes and reflections about grief, bereavement, palliative care, and the film. The quantitative data was summarized using descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data was organized and indexed according to common themes, supported by illustrative quotes. Seventy-eight (29%) of the 270 audience members completed the post-screening survey. A majority reported that they were absorbed in the screening (81%) and that the film screening inspired or empowered them (76%). Qualitative comments illustrated that the film deeply resonated with audience members by evoking empathy for parents experiencing loss, offering comfort to those with personal connections, and raising awareness about a rarely discussed issue. These findings underscore the Visualizing Loss film’s impact in raising awareness and fostering empathy, making it an effective resource for educating and supporting those affected by grief and loss.

PMID:40156438 | DOI:10.1177/15248399251327962

Int J Cancer. 2025 Mar 29. doi: 10.1002/ijc.35420. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Regional Hub in Mumbai provides technical support to population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) in South and South-East Asian (SSEA) countries. For data management and incidence rate table generation, the Hub recommends CanReg5, an open-source registry software developed by IARC, to all PBCRs seeking support from it. However, CanReg5 is limited in generating mortality and paediatric cancer incidence tables. Several SSEA cancer registries requested the Hub to develop practical solutions to facilitate the generation of cancer rates statistics. The IARC Regional Hub, in Mumbai, subsequently developed Nirmiti, an innovative web application which is capable of generating incidence, mortality, and paediatric cancer rates based on provided input data. The application accepts registry data in a specific format and generates required tables according to the selected options; users can input data from CanReg5 or other software into Nirmiti for processing. Nirmiti generates childhood cancer rates for age-groups 0-14 and 0-19, based on the 12 main groups and 47 subgroups of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer, Volume 3, and is freely available to cancer registries upon request. The application has been successfully utilized by PBCRs in India, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan.

PMID:40156432 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.35420