Nevin Manimala

J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2025 Dec 31:1-13. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2025.2609824. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an important yet heterogeneous indicator of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Sex and health-related disparities in risk are well established, but differences in prevalence and conversion rates from SCD to MCI/Dementia by risk factor remain unclear.

METHOD: This preregistered study followed PRISMA guidelines to conduct a systematic review with a narrative synthesis and meta-analyses. Random-effects meta-analyses calculated the relative risk (RR) of sex, depression, hypertension, and diabetes in conversion from SCD to MCI/dementia. Q and I² statistics investigated heterogeneity. Prevalence rates were also calculated.

RESULTS: Five cross-cultural studies (N = 1136) were eligible for the meta-analyses. Participants, on average, had less than 12 years of education. Pooled analyses showed no significant differences in the RR of conversion for depression, hypertension, or diabetes. The pooled conversion rate of SCD to MCI was 17.2% and 8.7% to dementia. Evidence of heterogeneity suggested that the aggregated data may mask differences between studies; thus, unpublished conversion rates on comorbid SCD and the health conditions are reported to inform future research.

CONCLUSIONS: Relative risk estimates align with the greater literature and extend them to an inclusive cross-cultural sample with lower education. The significant heterogeneity found underscores the complexity of the interactions between cognitive decline and modifiable risk factors. This study provides novel conversion rates to MCI and dementia for individuals with comorbid SCD and depression, hypertension, and diabetes. We recommend that sex-stratified conversion rates are reported, as limited data prevented our meta-analysis from examining this important dimension of risk.

PMID:41474502 | DOI:10.1080/13803395.2025.2609824

World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Dec 31;42(1):17. doi: 10.1007/s11274-025-04755-3.

ABSTRACT

The function of the livestock gut microbiome in driving animal growth, health, and methane emissions is controlled by networks of interactions among microbes. A major challenge is to move beyond simply listing microbial members to understanding these interaction networks, which determine how the community functions as a whole. This review synthesizes how network analysis, combined with multi-omics data, can meet this challenge. We focus on the critical task of identifying keystone species, the disproportionately influential microbes that direct processes like fiber digestion and immune function, yet are often missed by standard surveys. We evaluate a progression of methods, from identifying correlated species to building models that integrate genomic, metabolic, and host data. This integration is key to separating true ecological relationships from statistical noise and to linking microbial presence to function. We highlight how computational techniques like metabolic modeling and machine learning are turning networks into predictive tools. Finally, we outline the path forward: field-ready studies that track microbiomes over time, the development of livestock-specific metabolic models, and analytical standards that will allow research to translate into practical strategies. The goal is to provide a framework for using network science to actively manage the microbiome, enhancing sustainable livestock production.

PMID:41474484 | DOI:10.1007/s11274-025-04755-3

NCHS Data Brief. 2025 Jan;(523):1. doi: 10.15620/cdc/174574.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This report explores differences between cesarean delivery rates for Puerto Rican mothers giving birth in Puerto Rico and the U.S. mainland in 2023, by maternal age, gestational age, source of payment for the delivery, and state.

METHODS: This report uses data from the National Vital Statistics System natality data file. Information for Puerto Rico is based on data from birth certificates and includes all births occurring in Puerto Rico to residents of Puerto Rico who self-reported Puerto Rican ethnicity with known method of delivery (17,547 births in 2023). Information for the U.S. mainland is based on data for births occurring in the 50 states and District of Columbia (D.C.) to residents of the 50 states and D.C. who self-reported Puerto Rican ethnicity (1.8% of U.S. births in 2023) with known method of delivery (66,186 births in 2023).

RESULTS: The cesarean delivery rate among Puerto Rican mothers in Puerto Rico was 50.9% in 2023, 51% higher than that for Puerto Rican mothers in the U.S. mainland, 33.8%. Cesarean delivery rates for Puerto Rican mothers in Puerto Rico were higher than rates for Puerto Rican mothers in the U.S. mainland for all maternal age groups, all gestational ages except early preterm, all sources of payment for the delivery (private insurance, Medicaid, and self-pay), and all states with statistically reliable data and D.C.

PMID:41474446 | DOI:10.15620/cdc/174574

Hepatology. 2025 Dec 31. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000001664. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41474444 | DOI:10.1097/HEP.0000000000001664

Lung India. 2026 Jan 1;43(1):45-51. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_264_25. Epub 2026 Jan 1.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, is routinely used in the treatment of non-massive haemoptysis. Topical TXA has shown haemostatic efficacy in surgical settings and epistaxis. Limited case reports have documented successful management of pulmonary bleeding using nebulised TXA. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of nebulised TXA compared to IV TXA in non-massive haemoptysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-centre, randomised controlled trial included 46 adult patients with non-massive haemoptysis presenting to the Emergency Medicine department. They were randomised into two groups: IV TXA (n = 23), receiving 500 mg TXA IV 8th hourly, and nebulised TXA (n = 23), receiving 500 mg TXA via nebulisation 8th hourly. The volume of haemoptysis was recorded at presentation and at 8-hour intervals. Haemoglobin, liver, and renal function tests were recorded at admission, and haemoglobin was monitored daily. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests.

RESULTS: Among the 46 patients, 30 were male. The mean age in the IV TXA group was 51.83 ± 12.58 years and 49.91 ± 13.87 years in the nebulised TXA group (P = 0.63). There were two smokers in the IV group and eight in the nebulised group. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common cause in both groups. The mean bleeding volume at presentation was 58.26 ± 49.69 ml (IV) and 46.96 ± 38.30 ml (nebulised) (P = 0.39). Complete cessation of haemoptysis was achieved in 7.39 ± 5.02 h (IV) and 5.70 ± 4.80 h (nebulised) (P = 0.25). Repeat doses were required in 6 (IV) and 3 (nebulised) patients (P = 0.40). No adverse effects were observed.

CONCLUSION: Nebulised TXA is as effective as IV TXA in managing non-massive haemoptysis.

PMID:41474427 | DOI:10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_264_25

Lung India. 2026 Jan 1;43(1):20-26. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_136_25. Epub 2026 Jan 1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by abnormal bronchial dilation, often accompanied by inflammation and infection. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF α) has been implicated in inflammatory processes, and its role in bronchiectasis severity remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the correlation between serum TNF α levels and bronchiectasis severity using established scoring systems.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis. Serum TNF α levels were measured and analysed in relation to clinical parameters, radiological features, and severity scores such as FACED and Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI). Statistical tests including the Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to identify significant associations.

RESULTS: Elevated serum TNF α levels were significantly associated with fever, leukocytosis, recent hospital admissions, and bronchiectasis exacerbations. Patients with multi-lobar involvement and bilateral lung disease exhibited significantly higher TNF α levels (P = 0.01). Pseudomonas colonisation was linked to increased TNF α levels. Severity scoring demonstrated a strong association with TNF α levels, with higher values seen in patients categorised as moderate or severe by FACED and BSI scores.

CONCLUSION: Serum TNF α levels are a potential biomarker for assessing bronchiectasis severity. Elevated TNF α levels were notably linked to exacerbations, microbial colonisation, and severe disease presentations, underscoring its clinical relevance in guiding prognosis and management strategies.

PMID:41474423 | DOI:10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_136_25

Lung India. 2026 Jan 1;43(1):14-19. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_141_25. Epub 2026 Jan 1.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Antifibrotic therapies are widely used in both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). We aim to compare the demographic, clinical characteristics, and long-term outcomes of IPF and PPF patients on antifibrotic treatment at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: This was a retrospective single-center cohort study. Between January 2021 and January 2025, patients who initiated antifibrotic therapy were retrospectively included. Pulmonary function tests were recorded before treatment, at baseline, and at 6-month and 1-year follow-up visits. Additionally, baseline 6-minute walk test results and radiological data were also documented.

RESULTS: A total of 117 cases were included in the study, consisting of 76 IPF and 41 PPF. IPF patients were statistically significantly older than PPF patients (P < 0.001). The proportion of females was higher in the PPF group (P < 0.001). 52% of the cases used pirfenidone, while 48% used nintedanib. The most common subtype of PPF was connective tissue disease-associated ILD (48.8%), followed by nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (34.1%), and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (17.1%). In the PPF group, basal, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up FVC and DLCO values were statistically significantly lower compared to the IPF group. However, in both the IPF and PPF groups, no significant loss was observed in FVC and DLCO when comparing the 6-month and 1-year follow-up data with baseline values. No significant difference in mortality was found between the IPF and PPF groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Antifibrotic treatments showed a similar effect profile for both IPF and PPF. Our findings suggest that PPF patients with lower baseline pulmonary function require closer monitoring for early detection of progression.

PMID:41474422 | DOI:10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_141_25

J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2026 Dec 31;47(1):2610384. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2025.2610384. Epub 2025 Dec 31.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This systematic review synthesizes evidence on depressive symptoms and access to mental health care following miscarriage. It examines differences between women in general care settings and those with recurrent pregnancy loss to explore differential psychological vulnerability and care gaps.

METHODS: A search of four databases (inception-June 2025) followed PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting depressive symptoms or barriers and facilitators to care were included. Given methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively using a SWiM framework, stratifying populations by miscarriage history and assessing quality with risk-of-bias tools.

RESULTS: Of 1,140 records, 46 were included. Depressive symptoms were common, though prevalence varied by timing, tools, and characteristics. Evidence suggests a possible graded association between recurrent loss and symptoms, although this was inconsistent and often attenuated in acute assessments. Key correlates included childlessness, prior psychiatric history, repeated loss, and low social support. Barriers included insensitive communication, lack of follow-up, and financial constraints. Facilitators included empathetic interactions, clear information, and supportive networks.

CONCLUSIONS: Miscarriage is frequently associated with significant distress, yet evidence certainty varies regarding recurrence and intervention effectiveness. Findings highlight a persistent gap between women’s mental health needs and healthcare responses.

PMID:41474415 | DOI:10.1080/0167482X.2025.2610384

Anatol J Cardiol. 2025 Dec 31. doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2025.5862. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need for improved early detection strategies for preclinical atherosclerosis. This study evaluated comprehensive multimodal cardiovascular risk predictors-clinical, biochemical, and vascular imaging parameters-in dyslipidemic adults without established ASCVD.

METHODS: A total of 847 adults underwent standardized clinical assessment, laboratory profiling, and duplex-based vascular imaging, including carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque assessment, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and ankle-brachial index. Statistical analyses included multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, model calibration metrics, and correlation matrices using Pearson or Spearman tests as appropriate. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) exhibited a strong inverse correlation with AIP (r = -0.57, P < .001).

RESULTS: Triglycerides (TG) demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (r = 0.80, P < .001). Moderate correlations were observed between age and left ventricular mass index (r = 0.31, P < .001), age and fibrinogen (r = 0.32, P < .001), HbA1c and TG (r = 0.26, P < .001), and HbA1c and AIP (r = 0.30, P < .001). ASCVD and atherosclerosis total score positivity were independently associated with age, HbA1c, IMT, and FMD in multivariable analyses, while model discrimination remained robust (area under the curve values reported).

CONCLUSION: Multimodal integration of clinical, biochemical, and vascular imaging markers provides meaningful refinement of cardiovascular risk stratification and may enhance early detection of preclinical ASCVD.

PMID:41474414 | DOI:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2025.5862

CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026 Jan;32(1):e70729. doi: 10.1002/cns.70729.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The mechanical thrombectomy (MT) strategy obviously differs for acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke caused by embolism or atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to develop and validate a simple and universally applicable score for predicting etiology [embolism or intracranial arteriosclerosis (ICAS)] before MT in patients with acute MCAO stroke.

METHODS: Between November 2019 and September 2022, we retrospectively enrolled eligible patients in our hospital as the training cohort. Additionally, consecutive patients between July 2023 and April 2024 were recruited as the validation cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent factors associated with etiology in the training group. Each factor was then point assigned based on β-coefficient, and a risk scoring system was developed. The scoring system was validated through the validation cohort. The C-statistic, Brier score, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to assess model discrimination and calibration.

RESULTS: The training group and validation group finally included 277 patients (154 embolism-MCAO and 123 ICAS-MCAO) and 101 patients (59 embolism-MCAO and 42 ICAS-MCAO), respectively. A scoring system (AHOC score) covering four variables (atrial fibrillation, hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign, stenosis/occlusion in other arteries, and collateral status) was derived to help identify embolism-MCAO or ICAS-MCAO. The AHOC score showed good discrimination and calibration in the training cohort (C-statistic, 0.932 [0.902-0.963]; Brier score, 0.092 [0.070-0.115]; p value of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, 0.604) and in the validation cohort (C-statistic, 0.933 [0.888-0.978]; Brier score, 0.102 [0.067-0.140]; p value of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, 0.846). According to the AHOC score, patients with a score of 4-8 were identified as high-risk for the embolism-MCAO category. Conversely, a patient with a score of 0-3 was considered high-risk for the ICAS-MCAO category.

CONCLUSIONS: Our scoring system (AHOC score), consisting of atrial fibrillation, hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign, stenosis/occlusion in other arteries and collateral status, is a valid and applicable model for predicting the etiology in patients with acute MCAO before MT.

PMID:41474412 | DOI:10.1002/cns.70729