Nevin Manimala

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 Dec;24(12):e70544. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70544.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Beef tallow, or “tallow”, is a solid fat derived from animals with a high content of triglycerides and essential fatty acids. Tallow has gained popularity as a skincare product on social media in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for natural and sustainable beauty solutions. There are few studies investigating tallow as a skincare ingredient and its effects on dermatological conditions.

AIMS: To promote responsible use of tallow by characterizing information about tallow on social media platforms, examining the quality of claims made in the context of available evidence, and evaluating areas of financial bias.

METHODS: Social media posts from various platforms (YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok) were evaluated in a cross-sectional analysis to assess claims about tallow-related skin care, the quality of information provided, and potential financial biases.

RESULTS: Claims of efficacy for acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis were prevalent but largely lacked cited evidence. The majority of the posts promoting beef tallow across platforms demonstrated financial bias and were uploaded by individuals lacking credentials in healthcare. Additionally, most existing evidence for tallow use is based on studies examining its ingredients.

CONCLUSION: Despite growing anecdotal claims that beef tallow benefits skincare and dermatologic conditions, evidence remains insufficient to support these claims. Many promotions of beef tallow for skin care are associated with financial bias. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term effects, ideal formulations, and suitability for different skin conditions.

PMID:41312576 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.70544

Dent Traumatol. 2025 Nov 28. doi: 10.1111/edt.70039. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Use of artificial intelligence chatbots in dental traumatology has increased. However, concerns regarding their reliability are yet to be addressed. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a new AI chatbot Dental Trauma Evo in responding to queries on dental fractures and luxations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 questions, including multiple-choice questions (MCQs), true/false, and yes/no types of questions were created and validated in accordance with the International Association of Dental Traumatology’s position statement on fractures and luxations. Over the course of nine consecutive days in incognito mode, they were simultaneously exposed to four chatbots: ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek R1, Google Gemini 2.5, and Dental Trauma Evo. The obtained answers were verified for accuracy and consistency. The Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The best overall accuracy was shown by Dental Trauma Evo (85.43%), which was followed by Google Gemini (81.72%), DeepSeek (80.24%), and ChatGPT-4o (79.75%). Regarding question type, ChatGPT-4o, Google Gemini, and Dental Trauma Evo recorded the best responses to Yes/No, True/False, and MCQs respectively. There was an insignificant difference between the question type and the different chatbots (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The Dental Trauma Evo chatbot developed using the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines exhibited a favorable preliminary performance in the current study. Further research, clinical validation, and model enhancements are necessary to ensure the effective implementation of the same in practice.

PMID:41312575 | DOI:10.1111/edt.70039

Can Liver J. 2025 Sep 11;8(3):448-459. doi: 10.3138/canlivj-2025-0010. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is a life-saving treatment for end-stage liver disease, significantly improving survival. In Canada, the number of liver transplants has increased, with British Columbia performing 107 transplants in 2023. One-year survival rates have risen from 74.8% in 1990 to 93.2% in 2021 due to advancements in surgical and immunosuppressive methods. However, long-term survival remains suboptimal, with malignancy, graft failure, and cardiovascular disease being key contributors to mortality. This study analyzed causes of mortality among liver transplant recipients in British Columbia to identify strategies for improving outcomes.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 314 deceased liver transplant recipients (age ≥18 years) in British Columbia between 2013 and 2023, using the BC Transplant database. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis survival analysis, and linear regression, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Malignancy was the leading cause of death (24.8%), followed by unknown causes (19.4%) and multi-organ failure (13.1%). One-year survival rates varied significantly by cause of death (p = 0.018), with malignancy having the highest 1-year survival (94.9%) and septicemia the lowest (73.5%). Younger recipients had longer survival times (r = -0.321, p < 0.001), while multiple transplants were associated with poorer outcomes (ρ = -0.252, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Malignancy remains the most frequent cause of death post-transplant, requiring enhanced surveillance. The significant variability in 1-year survival by cause of death highlights the need for tailored interventions, particularly to reduce sepsis-related mortality. Improved documentation of unknown causes is critical to optimizing long-term strategies.

PMID:41312559 | PMC:PMC12657010 | DOI:10.3138/canlivj-2025-0010

Cytojournal. 2025 Oct 30;22:89. doi: 10.25259/Cytojournal_107_2025. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Breast fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, cost-effective, and minimally invasive diagnostic procedure. The diagnosis of a proliferative breast disease with atypia (PBDA) is established based on the presence of areas with disordered cellular arrangement and mildly discerned cytological features. We have aimed to explore the cytohistological correlation of PBDA on FNAC.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the hospital database was undertaken to retrieve cases of breast FNAC diagnosed as PBDA between January 2011 and September 2020.

RESULTS: A total of 3125 breast FNAC specimens were examined, and 107 (3.4%) of them received the diagnosis of PBDA. A total of 68 PBDA cases were included in this cytohistological evaluation. The risk of malignancy was 44%. Except for one case, all of the invasive or microinvasive carcinomas were grade 1 or 2 malignancies according to the Nottingham grading system of breast cancers. The result of a repeat FNAC of the case with a poorly differentiated invasive breast cancer was reported as a high-grade malignancy. A statistically significant correlation was observed between older age and malignant outcome (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: This is one of the largest datasets of cases with PBDA. Based on the advanced age of the patient, and relevant clinical and radiological information, cytopathological diagnosis of PBDA may prompt the clinician to take further action.

PMID:41312541 | PMC:PMC12653988 | DOI:10.25259/Cytojournal_107_2025

Struct Dyn. 2025 Nov 24;12(6):064101. doi: 10.1063/4.0000781. eCollection 2025 Nov.

ABSTRACT

Given proteins’ fundamental importance in human health and catalysis, the relationships between protein sequence, structure, dynamics, and function have become a topic of great interest. One way to extract information from proteins is to compute the local energetic frustration of their native state. Traditionally, energetic frustration calculations require protein structures as a starting point. However, using a single protein structure to evaluate the energetic frustration for a given amino acid sequence does not always fully represent the protein’s structural ensemble. Therefore, we have developed a sequence-based method to evaluate energetic frustration in proteins using direct coupling analysis and statistical potentials. Our approach exhibits significant agreement with established structure-based frustration methods in terms of their mutual agreement with crystallographic B-factor. Moreover, our sequence-based method shows elevated precision in classifying high B-factor residues, suggesting that it has some robustness to unstructured regions of proteins.

PMID:41312536 | PMC:PMC12657058 | DOI:10.1063/4.0000781

JID Innov. 2025 Oct 17;6(1):100423. doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100423. eCollection 2026 Jan.

ABSTRACT

Neighborhood factors may impact hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) severity. Neighborhood environment influences obesity and smoking, which may affect HS severity. Longer time to diagnosis is correlated with worse HS severity at diagnosis, and dermatologists are not evenly distributed geographically. Two studies investigating the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and HS severity reported contrasting results. We examine whether neighborhood SES is associated with HS severity at diagnosis within a health system using a census tract-level measure of neighborhood SES, adjusting for individual-level confounders and accounting for census tract clustering. In our cross-sectional study of 462 patients with a new HS diagnosis, patients residing in lower SES neighborhoods had greater odds of Hurley stage 2-3 disease in age- and sex-adjusted models (OR = 1.69, 95% confidence interval = 1.15-2.50, P = .008). Additional adjustment for race and ethnicity revealed a positive association that was not statistically significant (adjusted OR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval = 0.88-2.14, P = .16). Further adjustment for insurance type did not attenuate effect size. We observed evidence of a multiplicative interaction between neighborhood SES and race and ethnicity (P = .02). Residing in lower SES neighborhoods was associated with greater odds of moderate-severe HS at diagnosis. The relationship between neighborhood SES and race and ethnicity is complex, warranting further investigation.

PMID:41312529 | PMC:PMC12651420 | DOI:10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100423

Aesthet Surg J Open Forum. 2025 Oct 31;7:ojaf141. doi: 10.1093/asjof/ojaf141. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although COVID-19 infection rates have declined from pandemic peaks, recent infection may pose a potential concern in aesthetic surgery. Of note, the surgical risks associated with recent infection are not well defined. Previous studies, constrained by small cohorts and early-pandemic data, have not conclusively established whether recent COVID-19 infection continues to influence surgical outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to determine whether COVID-19 infection within 30 days before body-contouring procedures is associated with increased postoperative complications.

METHODS: Adult patients who underwent body-contouring surgery between August 2020 and March 2025 were identified from the US Collaborative Network on TriNetX (TRINETX, LLC, Cambridge, MA). Patients were categorized based on documented COVID-19 infection within 30 days preoperatively. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance demographics and comorbidities. Thirty-day postoperative complications were compared using risk ratios (RRs), with statistical significance defined as P < .05.

RESULTS: A total of 3941 patients were matched in each of the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Patients in the matched COVID-19 group had a significantly increased risk of surgical-site infection (RR 1.56, P = .010), wound disruption (RR 1.69, P = .003), postoperative pain (RR 1.66, P = .002), anticoagulant use (RR 1.77, P < .0001), and emergency department visits (RR 1.50, P = .010).

CONCLUSIONS: Despite reduced overall prevalence, recent COVID-19 infection remains associated with increased risk of postoperative complications following body-contouring surgery. Delaying elective aesthetic procedures by at least 30 days following recent infection appears prudent to enhance patient safety and minimize complications.

PMID:41312520 | PMC:PMC12649762 | DOI:10.1093/asjof/ojaf141

Cereb Circ Cogn Behav. 2025 Nov 5;9:100517. doi: 10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100517. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Patients with symptomatic high degree carotid artery stenosis often exhibit a reduced perfusion pressure in the cerebral vasculature in absence of sufficient collaterals. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in mean blood flow velocity and pulsatility within the cerebral perforating arteries following carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

METHODS: Fifteen patients with symptomatic high degree (>50 %) carotid artery stenosis were included in the monocentre prospective observational Carotis7T study. All patients underwent 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one day prior to CEA and three months postoperative. Mean blood flow velocity (Vmean) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the first segment of the middle cerebral artery (M1 of MCA), and in the perforating arteries of the basal ganglia (BG) and semi-oval centre (CSO), using a 2D phase-contrast 7T MRI sequence. Outcomes on the ipsilateral side were compared between the preoperative and postoperative situation.

RESULTS: A postoperative increase (+14.2 %) in Vmean and (+10.7 %) in PI was seen at the level of the MCA. A slight decrease in Vmean and a slight increase in PI were observed at both the level of the BG (respectively -5.6 % and +12.8 %) and CSO (respectively -13.2 % and +11.0 %) between the preoperative and postoperative situation following CEA. However, these changes were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: In this small single centre patient sample, our findings suggest that revascularization by removal of the stenosis and atherosclerotic plaque does not result in a measurable impact on the brain’s perfusion at BG and CSO level at three months post intervention.

PMID:41312508 | PMC:PMC12651730 | DOI:10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100517

RSC Adv. 2025 Nov 26;15(54):46449-46464. doi: 10.1039/d5ra07908j. eCollection 2025 Nov 24.

ABSTRACT

Nano-sized gas bubbles have attracted significant interest in electro-chemical applications due to their durability and longevity. Accurately predicting nanobubble formation and their size is critical for advancing technologies such as electrolysis and fuel cell systems. This study presents an integrated framework combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and thermodynamic modelling to determine nanobubble formation and size in a closed system under isothermal-isobaric condition. Assuming the nanobubble consists of a van der Waals (vdW) gas, the vdW constants are extracted from MD simulations of pure gas systems. A thermodynamic model is then developed for a closed system by combining the vdW equation with the assumption of chemical and mechanical equilibrium, which establishes a predictive relationship between nanobubble size and gas concentration. To validate the framework, MD simulations are performed for hydrogen in water under supersaturation, and the results are compared with thermodynamic model predictions. Comparisons are also made with experimental reports of nanobubbles. Our findings reveal that nanobubbles only form above a critical supersaturation threshold. The framework accurately predicts nanobubble radii in hydrogen-water systems, matching MD results while requiring minimal computational effort. When the pressure inside the nanobubble is approximated from the vdW equation of state, the Young-Laplace equation is shown to be valid even at sub-10 nm scales, with a negligible Tolman length. In contrast, the assumption of an ideal gas in thermodynamic modelling leads to considerable discrepancy with MD simulations. Overall, the proposed approach-bridging MD and thermodynamic modelling-paves the way toward a quantitative understanding of nanobubble formation and size in supersaturated liquids.

PMID:41312502 | PMC:PMC12650316 | DOI:10.1039/d5ra07908j

Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Nov 12;12:1677160. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1677160. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The digitization of radiology through online platforms has introduced significant challenges in maintaining patient privacy and complying with ethical and legal standards, particularly in Saudi Arabia’s rapidly evolving healthcare system.

AIM: To assess the awareness levels of radiology professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding patient privacy, ethical responsibilities, and legal implications of sharing medical imaging on digital platforms.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 293 radiology staff, including Radiologists and Radiologic Technologists, using a structured online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA.

RESULTS: Participants demonstrated moderate awareness across all domains (mean scores ~3.1-3.2 on a 5-point scale). Radiologists reported significantly higher awareness than Technologists (p < 0.0001). Awareness also increased with years of experience and varied by region, with the Central region showing the highest scores.

CONCLUSION: Despite moderate overall awareness, significant disparities highlight the need for targeted training and policy reinforcement to ensure consistent compliance with privacy, ethical, and legal standards in digital radiology.

PMID:41312484 | PMC:PMC12647042 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2025.1677160