Nevin Manimala

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 17;15(1):30121. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14436-8.

ABSTRACT

Potato leafroll disease, caused by potato leafroll virus (PLRV), is one of the most devastating diseases, resulting in significant losses to the potato crop. Research on comprehensive studies examining the prediction of mutations in PLRV genes for this viral disease is limited. This study aims to quantify and characterize the accumulation of these genetic mutations by predicting SNPs for PLRV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) using computational approaches. We utilized advanced online protein prediction tools to explore the impact of DNA mutations on protein function and structure. These tools enabled us to assess the potential level and location of disorder within proteins, providing crucial insights into their behavior. In our study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yielded a product corresponding to the PLRV-RdRp gene, measuring 450 base pairs (bp). This sequence has been documented in GenBank under the access number MT576073 and is cataloged in the UniProt database with the ID A0A8E6I3S8. The phylogenetic analysis of the PLRV-RdRp sequence involved a comparative study with reference sequences in the NCBI database. We focused on two notable predicted inversion mutations located at positions 93 (A93T) and 117 (K117G). Remarkably, the (Lys/Gly) mutation at position 117 exhibited a substantial disorder percentage of 61%, significantly higher than the reference sequence’s 13.4%. These single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are not just statistical anomalies; they have real implications. They alter RdRp protein stability and physicochemical properties, altering pocket residues and influencing the protein’s interaction with natural compounds. In conclusion, our findings provide a solid foundation for future research and development efforts focused at the rapid diagnosis and sustainable management of PLRV.

PMID:40820237 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-14436-8

Gut Liver. 2025 Aug 18. doi: 10.5009/gnl250164. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication and osteoporosis development remains inadequately elucidated. This study aimed to ascertain whether HP eradication therapy confers protective effects against osteoporosis progression.

METHODS: Subjects without osteoporosis who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with concurrent HP testing were prospectively recruited between May 2003 and February 2023 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Participants were stratified into two cohorts: those with successful HP eradication and those without. Osteoporosis was diagnosed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the risk of osteoporosis was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

RESULTS: The successfully eradicated cohort comprised 730 individuals (mean age, 56.4 years; 67.5% female), compared with 116 individuals (mean age, 56.2 years; 74.1% female) in the non-eradicated cohort. Osteoporosis occurred in 179 subjects (24.5%) in the eradicated group and in 40 subjects (34.5%) in the non-eradicated group. Significant risk factors for osteoporosis included female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 3.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93 to 5.05; p<0.001), advanced age (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.10 per year; p<0.001), and persistent HP infection (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.28; p=0.009). In subgroup analyses according to sex and age, HP eradication demonstrated a significant reduction in osteoporosis risk in females (p=0.005) than in males, especially among females aged ≥50 years (p=0.003). However, this change was not pronounced in males.

CONCLUSIONS: HP eradication may serve as a preventive intervention against osteoporosis development, particularly among female subjects (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06818591).

PMID:40820207 | DOI:10.5009/gnl250164

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2025 Aug 18;11(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s40794-025-00265-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major health problem around the world. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is the species that is most commonly associated with the severe and complicated forms of malaria, especially in tropical and subtropical areas, including Ethiopia. One of the complications of malaria is its impact on kidney and electrolyte levels. The objectives of the study were to assess the kidney function and serum electrolyte levels among untreated malaria patients infected with P. falciparum.

METHODOLOGY: A case-control study that enrolled a total of 108 participants (54 with confirmed untreated P. falciparum malaria as a case and 54 were non-malaria as a control). Participants in the study were included based on systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires administered by interviewers. 5 ml of blood samples were collected to investigate kidney function such as creatinine and urea, as well as serum electrolytes such as sodium ion (Na⁺) and potassium ion (K⁺), using a chemistry automated analyzer. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 27. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULT: The study subjects were comprised of 52 (48.1%) men and 56 (51.9%) women. The mean age for the case group and the control group was 26.85 ± 8 and 27.17 ± 7.17 years old, respectively. The result showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum creatinine and urea level in the case group (1.32 ± 0.29 mg/dL and 39.8 ± 8.34 mg/dL) compared with the control group (0.92 ± 0.32 mg/dL and 25.78 ± 7.97 mg/dL), respectively. The serum levels of Na⁺ and K⁺ were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the case group (132.15 ± 3.96 mmol/L and 3.44 ± 0.40 mmol/L) as compared to the control group (137.11 ± 3.11 mmol/L and 3.94 ± 0.39 mmol/L), respectively.

CONCLUSION: Malaria has a significant impact on kidney function (creatinine and urea) and serum electrolytes (Na⁺ and K⁺). This may indicate that malaria is the determinant factor for developing kidney dysfunction and serum electrolyte imbalance. Hence, we recommend routine evaluation of these parameters in malaria-infected individuals.

PMID:40820204 | DOI:10.1186/s40794-025-00265-0

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 17;15(1):30103. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14108-7.

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), associated with irrational antimicrobial use (AMU) poses a significant health threat to both humans and animals. Thus, our research determined AMU patterns and their associated factors in Bangladeshi chicken farms. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 340 commercial chicken farms comprising broilers (109), layers (109), and Sonali (122) farms in seven districts of Bangladesh from September to October 2021. Data were collected using in-person interviews with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed, including descriptive statistics to understand farmer demographics and AMU practices, a Chi-square test to evaluate farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP), and logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with AMU. The findings indicated that 93.2% (317/340) farms administered at least one antimicrobial (AM) to chickens during the production cycle, with 67.0% of farmers used antimicrobials (AMs) in the 14 days before data collection. The usage of AMs was higher in meat-type chickens, such as broiler (78.0%) and Sonali (67.2%), in contrast to egg-type chickens, like layer (41.3%). The AMU practices were significantly associated with multiple factors, such as farming experience, poultry production type, knowledge gaps in proper AMU practices, the person managing the farm, reuse of left-over AMs, and compliance with veterinarians’ recommendations. We highlight the indiscriminate use of AMs that is occurring in poultry industry in Bangladesh, which could result in AM residues and resistance, posing detrimental consequences for public health. Farmers training on increasing their KAP regarding AMU to protect animal health, human health, and the ecosystem, is urgently needed.

PMID:40820200 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-14108-7

Adv Ther. 2025 Aug 18. doi: 10.1007/s12325-025-03318-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking remains a global public health challenge, contributing to preventable mortality and morbidity and imposing substantial burdens on health care costs. We investigated whether direct health care costs differ substantially between self-reported tobacco smokers and non-smokers.

METHODS: This systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Medline PubMed, Embase, PubMed Central, and Scopus were searched to identify studies of direct health care costs between smokers and non-smokers for participants aged ≥18 years. All observational, prospective, retrospective, and non-randomized comparative studies were considered. Data extraction included mean annual health care costs (± SD) for both groups. Mean differences (MD) in annual health care costs between smokers and non-smokers, expressed in 2025 US dollars, were compared and adjusted for a 12-month period and inflated to 2025 using consumer price indices.

RESULTS: Of 873 studies identified, 11 were included in quantitative synthesis, which compared 19,759,529 smokers with 206,913,108 non-smokers for direct health care costs. Mean age ranged from 34.5-60.6 years for smokers and 34.3-65.1 years for non-smokers. Mean annual health care costs ranged from $65,640-$1297.1 for smokers and $54,564-$724.4 for non-smokers. Annual incremental direct health care costs for smokers versus non-smokers ranged from -$458 (95% CI [confidence interval]: -2011.0 to 1,095.0) to $11,076 (95% CI: 10,211.9 to 11,940.1) in 2025 US dollars. Meta-analysis revealed smoking generally incurred greater health care costs than non-smoking, with a mean annual incremental cost of $1916.5 (95% CI: -439.9 to 4,272.9). The result was not statistically significant (MD = 1,916.5; p = 0.111). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I² = 99.9%). Sensitivity analysis excluding studies of chronic disease yielded a reduced incremental cost for the general population, with a statistically significant difference (MD = 583.9, p = 0.02), although heterogeneity remained high (I² = 98.0%).

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis supports the assertion that smoking substantially increases direct health care costs compared with non-smoking, particularly for the general population.

PMID:40820188 | DOI:10.1007/s12325-025-03318-0

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 17;15(1):30108. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15866-0.

ABSTRACT

The interaction between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) in wastewater from Tehran’s Paytakht and Nasirabad Industrial Parks is investigated in this work. Monitoring platforms of industrial parks were the base frame of monthly collection data for laboratory measurements (for BOD5 and COD) and in-situ measurements (for DO, EC and Temperature-T°C) with a frequency of 4-hour samples/day. Backward elimination regression analysis was employed as an integrated procedure to find out effective model removing ineffective independent variables. Multivariate Regression analysis showed a relatively strong linear relationship between COD and BOD, with independent variables with R²=0.64 and R²=0.59, respectively. A prediction model for BOD based on COD was found by analyzing important effluent quality variables using simple linear regression and a strong linear association (BOD = 0.433COD + 222) with R² = 0.94, MSE = 38,829, RMSE = 197.05 was obtained. In all of these regression analyses, model accuracy was assessed by conducting statistical tests on the residuals. To verify and improve the reliability and practicability of model, it is applied of industrial parks’ wastewater records of countries around the world such as Egypt, France, India, Pakistan and Malaysia. The extracted model applied on some of the mentioned countries’ records and the results of BOD prediction was matched by observations in 95% of reliability domain. Variation of BOD-COD ratio was least affected by pH and temperature; the results underline the requirement of localized validation resulting from industry-specific differences and promote cost-effective, quick wastewater evaluation, hence lowering reliance on laboratory-based BOD₅ testing. It defiantly provides the opportunity of analytical and applied researches in south countries toward sustainable industrial wastewater management.

PMID:40820173 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-15866-0

Int Orthop. 2025 Aug 18. doi: 10.1007/s00264-025-06638-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Computer-assisted navigation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was developed to enhance implant positioning accuracy and optimize mechanical alignment. However, its impact on clinical outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of navigation on functional and radiological outcomes, safety, and patient-reported quality of life at mid-term follow-up.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-center study including 190 patients who underwent primary TKA between 2015 and 2018, with a mean follow-up of 5.8 years. Ninety-five patients were operated on using optical computer navigation, while 95 underwent conventional instrumentation (sequential allocation). All surgeries were performed by the same two senior surgeons using mechanical alignment in both groups. Outcomes included the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, EQ-5D, SF-12, patient satisfaction, and radiographic alignment. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS (v28.0/v29.0).

RESULTS: Patients in the navigated group achieved significantly greater improvement in HSS knee scores (mean increase 41.9 vs. 34.9 points; p = 0.043) and a higher proportion of clinically meaningful functional improvement (> 35-point HSS increase: 63.2% vs. 40.0%; p = 0.019) compared to the conventional group. Postoperative knee flexion was also better in the navigated group (118° vs. 113°; p = 0.048). No significant differences were observed in pain improvement (VAS), EQ-5D quality-of-life gain, or complication rates between groups. Navigation significantly reduced the number of outliers in component alignment (6.3% vs. 13.7% outside ± 3° from neutral), although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.068). On multivariate analysis, use of navigation was an independent predictor of superior functional improvement (odds ratio 2.65, 95% CI 1.38-5.12; p = 0.003), whereas other factors (age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, baseline HSS) were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Computer-assisted navigation in TKA was associated with greater mid-term functional improvement and improved prosthetic alignment, without increasing operative time or complications. Its implementation may be especially beneficial for enhancing stability and precision in mechanically aligned TKA. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective design and mid-term follow-up duration.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III (retrospective comparative study).

PMID:40820163 | DOI:10.1007/s00264-025-06638-6

Int Orthop. 2025 Aug 18. doi: 10.1007/s00264-025-06622-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Humeral head osteonecrosis (HHN) is a joint-destructive condition, for which cementless humeral head resurfacing (CHHR) offers a bone-preserving treatment option. The aim of this study was to report long-term outcomes and implant survival of CHHR in patients with HHN.

METHODS: Patients with humeral head osteonecrosis treated with cementless humeral head resurfacing (CHHR) between 2004 and 2007 were included. Implant survival was assessed according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. Clinical evaluation included Constant-Murley-Score (CMS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) and patient centered outcomes regarding satisfaction and quality of life. Radiographs were evaluated for glenoid erosion, Walch glenoid types as well as signs of implant loosening. Statistical comparison was performed using students t-tests with a significance level set to p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Seventeen shoulders were retrospectively included in the implant survival analysis. Two patients underwent revision surgery. five patients died with the implant and were therefore censored. Cumulative survival rate was 100% after ten years and 93.3% after 15 years. Seven shoulders were available for clinical and radiological evaluation at a mean follow-up of 19 years (range 17-22 years). Age- and sex-adjusted CMS improved from preoperative to the latest follow-up (44.4% vs. 82.9%; p < 0.01). No glenoid erosion of higher degree (Sperling grade > 2) and no signs of implant loosening were observed. All patients had Walch type A glenoids preoperatively.

CONCLUSION: In this small cohort with long-term follow-up of 17-22 years, CHHR showed promising durability and functional outcomes in carefully selected patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV Case series with no comparison group.

PMID:40820162 | DOI:10.1007/s00264-025-06622-0

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 17;15(1):30047. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15472-0.

ABSTRACT

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a normal constituent of the female genital and gastrointestinal flora but remains a leading cause of perinatal bacterial infections, including endometritis, bacteremia, chorioamnionitis, and urinary tract infections in pregnant women. In Ethiopia, reported GBS colonization rates among pregnant women range from 7.2 to 25.5%. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of GBS colonization among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to May 30, 2021. After obtaining written consent, sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, conveniently. A total of 210 recto-vaginal swabs were collected, inoculated into Todd-Hewitt broth, and sub-cultured on 5% blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2020 guidelines. Data were entered and cleaned in Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression identified associations between variables, with a P value ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. The overall GBS colonization was 13.3% (28/210). Married women had significantly higher odds of colonization (AOR 5.774; 95% CI 1.074-31.03; P = 0.041), while those with a history of abortion had lower odds (AOR 0.294; 95% CI 0.102-0.850; P = 0.024). Most isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (96.4%). Resistance rates were highest for erythromycin (71.4%) and penicillin (67.9%), followed by ampicillin (64.3%), azithromycin (46.4%), vancomycin (46.4%), and ceftriaxone (32.1%). Half of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. GBS colonization among pregnant women in the study area warrants clinical attention due to its associated high antibiotic resistance. Being married and abortion had statistically significant associations with colonization. Therefore, clinicians could implement routine GBS screening for all pregnant women attending ANC to reduce GBS colonization. Routine GBS screening may help reduce neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis by guiding timely intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.

PMID:40820154 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-15472-0

BMC Psychol. 2025 Aug 17;13(1):924. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03295-7.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate the relationship between professional identity and turnover intention for new nurses in China, and explore the mediating role of psychological capital and achievement motivation in these two variables.

BACKGROUND: As the main backup force in nursing career development, new nurses face challenges due to the conflict between theory and practice, a lack of skills, and the heavy demands of nursing work. As a result, the majority of new nurses have higher turnover intention. Reducing the turnover intention of new nurses is very important to reduce the shortage of nurses, stabilize the hospital talent team, and improve the nursing quality.

METHODS: A Cross-sectional survey was used to investigate 562 nurses in 6 hospitals in Henan Province from February to March 2024. Pearson correlation analysis, descriptive statistics and structural equation model were used to analyze the existing data.

RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between the professional identity, psychological capital, achievement motivation, and turnover intention of new nurses. Psychological capital and achievement motivation played a chain mediating role in the effect of professional identity on the turnover intention of new nurses.

CONCLUSION: The results can be used as a reference for formulating relevant hospital management policies and reducing the turnover intention of new nurses, which is of great significance for reducing the shortage of nurses and stabilizing the talent team of hospitals.

PMID:40820146 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-03295-7