Eur Radiol. 2025 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s00330-024-11280-8. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:39747587 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-024-11280-8
Eur Radiol. 2025 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s00330-024-11213-5. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Imaging is used for lymphoma detection, Ann Arbor/Lugano staging, and treatment response assessment. [18F]FDG PET/CT should be used for most lymphomas, including Hodgkin lymphoma, aggressive/high-grade Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and many indolent/low-grade NHLs such as follicular lymphoma. Apart from these routinely FDG-avid lymphomas, some indolent NHLs, such as marginal zone lymphoma, are variably FDG-avid; here, [18F]FDG PET/CT is an alternative to contrast-enhanced CT at baseline and may be used for treatment response assessment if the lymphoma was FDG-avid at baseline. Only small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL) should exclusively undergo CT at baseline and follow-up unless transformation to high-grade lymphoma is suspected. While [18F]FDG PET/CT is sufficient to rule out bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma, biopsy may be needed in other lymphomas. The 5-point (Deauville) score for [18F]FDG PET that uses the liver and blood pool uptake as references should be used to assess treatment response in all FDG-avid lymphomas; post-treatment FDG uptake ≤ liver uptake is considered complete response. In all other lymphomas, CT should be used to determine changes in lesion size; for complete response, resolution of all extranodal manifestations, and for lymph nodes, long-axis decrease to ≤ 1.5 cm are required. KEY POINTS: [18F]FDG-PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT are used to stage lymphoma depending on type. Imaging is required for staging, and biopsies may be required to rule out bone marrow involvement. For treatment response assessment, the 5-PS (Deauville) score should be used; in a few indolent types, CT is used to determine changes in lesion size.
PMID:39747586 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-024-11213-5
Eur Radiol. 2025 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s00330-024-11281-7. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:39747585 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-024-11281-7
Eur Radiol. 2025 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s00330-024-11316-z. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Tinnitus is common, with approximately 1/4 of the elderly population experiencing chronic tinnitus. While non-pulsatile tinnitus usually has no structural cause, pulsatile tinnitus is more likely to have an identifiable aetiology, and imaging plays a key role in the search for treatable and life-threatening causes. Since the characteristics of the tinnitus guide the diagnostic strategy, a detailed clinical assessment should always be performed before imaging is considered. In the setting of non-pulsatile tinnitus, imaging with MRI should only be performed if it is unilateral or asymmetric, or when it is associated with focal neurologic abnormalities or asymmetric hearing loss. In contrast, imaging investigation is always required in the presence of pulsatile tinnitus. Whilst there are specific clinical features in which temporal bone CT will be the initial imaging strategy for pulsatile tinnitus (e.g., retrotympanic mass or conductive hearing loss), most patients will require either CT or MRI with arterial and venous imaging. The clinical categorisation of pulsatile tinnitus as “arterial” or “venous” may guide the radiological search and help understand the significance of certain imaging findings (e.g., venous variants). Significant pathology (e.g., dural arteriovenous malformation) must be excluded in the context of objective pulsatile tinnitus and may require additional cross-sectional imaging; conventional angiography is now rarely indicated. KEY POINTS: In patients with unilateral, non-pulsatile tinnitus, MRI should be performed to rule out retrocochlear disease. All patients with pulsatile tinnitus should be imaged and the clinical assessment guides the selection of the most appropriate imaging technique. If the first imaging study does not reveal the suspected cause of objective pulsatile tinnitus, additional imaging investigations should be performed to exclude alternative diagnoses.
PMID:39747584 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-024-11316-z
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):575. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84339-7.
ABSTRACT
Altruism is beneficial to society as it promotes mental and physical health alongside economic and societal growth. Previous studies have indicated, however, that people tend not to engage in altruistic behaviors toward strangers. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the factors that motivate individuals to participate in altruistic actions. This study explores the dynamic interplay of media and social factors that enhance altruistic behavior in adults, utilizing the General Learning Model (GLM) and Norm Activation Theory (NAT). To achieve this, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach, coupled with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), is applied. The research comprehensively examines the direct and indirect influence of media elements (such as prosocial media content and persuasive communication) and social factors (including religiosity and social norms) on altruistic behavior. Empathy, moral elevation, and compassion serve as mediators in this process. The DEMATEL approach involves a panel of 20 experts, while SEM analyzes data from a significant sample of 1296 participants drawn from the general public in Taiwan. DEMATEL results shed light on causal factors shaping altruistic behavior, highlighting the roles of religiosity, empathy, and compassion. Shifting to the SEM results, most direct relationships between variables are statistically significant, affirming their importance. However, the findings also reveal unexpected negative associations, challenging the initial hypotheses. Notably, compassion and persuasive communication were found to have negative correlations with altruistic behavior, contrary to expectations.
PMID:39747565 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-84339-7
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84481-2.
ABSTRACT
Universal immunization of children against common vaccine-preventable diseases is crucial in reducing infant and child morbidity and mortality. Assessing the vaccination coverage is a key step to improve utilization and coverage of vaccines for under-five children. Accordingly, vaccination coverage according to the national schedule assesses the vaccination coverage of children aged 12-35 months. However, there is a scarcity of information on the full vaccination coverage according to the national schedule and its determinants in Ghana. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of vaccination coverage according to the national schedule among children aged 12-35 months in Ghana. A cross-sectional study design using the most recent demographic and health survey data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey was used. We included a total weighted sample of 1,823 children aged 12-35 months in the five years preceding the survey. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to identify associated factors for vaccination coverage according to the national schedule in Ghana. The adjusted odds ratio at 95% Cl was computed to assess the strength and significance of the association between explanatory and outcome variables. Factors with a p-value of < 0.05 are declared statistically significant. In this study, the full coverage of vaccination according to the national schedule among children aged 12-35 months in Ghana was 56.45% (95% CI 51.77-56.17). Women having an ANC visit were 40% more likely (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.07-1.83), women involved in healthcare decision-making were 35% more likely (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.75), Women who deliver in a health facility were 1.91 times more likely (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.36-2.66), and communities with high media exposure were 47% more likely (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.06-2.05) to achieve full vaccination coverage as compared to their counterparts. On the other hand, being in the Western (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.18-0.88) and Northern (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.15-0.74) regions decreased the odds of attaining full vaccination coverage according to the national schedule in Ghana. The full vaccination coverage according to the national schedule in Ghana was lower as compared to 90% coverage recommendation by World Health organization, and there is also in-equality among regions. Maternal optimal ANC contact, health facility delivery, women involved in health care decision-making, community media exposure, and region were significantly associated with full vaccination coverage according to the national schedule in Ghana. To improve child immunization coverage, relevant authorities and stakeholders should work together to improve ANC visits, media exposure, facility delivery, and women’s empowerment, and attention should be given to deviant regions.
PMID:39747564 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-84481-2
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):413. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84425-w.
ABSTRACT
The latest World Health Organization Classification of Tumors, Fifth Edition, recognizes the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (IEFVPTC) as a distinct malignant entity rather than a subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This reclassification highlights the need to explore potential prognostic differences between IEFVPTC and classic PTC. This study utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to compare prognoses of patients diagnosed with IEFVPTC and classic PTC between 2004 and 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to adjust for confounding variables and reduce selection bias. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) between the two groups. A total of 1,530 IEFVPTC and 81,508 classic PTC patients were analyzed. Before PSM, significant differences were noted in race, T-stage, N-stage, M-stage, laterality, radiotherapy, surgical modality, tumor size, and income. Post-PSM, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models showed no significant differences in OS between IEFVPTC and classic PTC both before and after PSM. This PSM analysis revealed no significant differences in overall survival between patients with IEFVPTC and classic PTC, suggesting that the reclassification of IEFVPTC does not translate into distinct prognostic outcomes.
PMID:39747560 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-84425-w
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):419. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84526-6.
ABSTRACT
With the rapid advancement of technologies like the Internet, big data, and AI, various apps have impacted the daily lives of the elderly, widening the generational “digital divide.” Adapting apps for elderly users is crucial to addressing this issue. To address this challenge, we first focused on the middle-aged and elderly population, verifying the reliability and validity of the survey results. Then, descriptive statistics were used to analyze user behavior and preferences for the APP aging mode. Finally, ACSI path analysis and the fuzzy-IPA model were applied to assess user satisfaction. The key findings are as follows: (1) The APP aging mode is quite popular; (2) middle-aged and elderly users hesitate to use the aging mode due to “loss of original functions” and “secondary interface layout and font adjustments”; (3) better user experience in the aging mode leads to higher satisfaction, whereas higher initial expectations lead to lower satisfaction; (4) four aspects-“simple operation,” “ease of learning,” “understanding of function descriptions,” and “effective help system”-have high importance but low satisfaction levels. Overall, middle-aged and elderly users find the aging mode satisfactory but with room for improvement.
PMID:39747540 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-84526-6
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):271. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84359-3.
ABSTRACT
With an increasing number of studies delving into the impact of dietary supplements on combat sports performance, researchers are actively seeking a more efficient dietary supplement for use in these sports. Nonetheless, controversies persist. Hence, we undertook a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis to discern the most effective dietary supplements in combat sports by synthesizing the available evidence. We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, covering the period from their establishment to November 2, 2023. Our aim was to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the benefits of various dietary supplements for elite combat sports athletes. The risk of bias in these trials was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. Subsequently, we employed Bayesian network meta-analysis through R software and Stata 15.0. During the analysis, we performed subgroup analysis based on the type of combat, distinguishing between striking and grappling disciplines. The analysis is based on 67 randomized controlled trials that meet all the inclusion criteria, involving 1026 elite combat sports athletes randomly assigned to 26 different dietary supplements or placebos. Results from the 50 trials included in the network meta-analysis indicate that compared to a placebo, sodium bicarbonate combined with caffeine (SMD: 2.3, 95% CrI: 1.5, 3.2), caffeine (SMD: 0.72, 95% CrI: 0.53, 0.93), beta-alanine (SMD: 0.58, 95% CrI: 0.079, 1.1), and sodium bicarbonate (SMD: 0.54, 95% CrI: 0.30, 0.81) was associated with a statistically significant increase in blood lactate concentrations. Compared to placebo, caffeine (SMD: 0.27, 95% CrI: 0.12, 0.41) was associated with a statistically significant increase in the final heart rate. Compared to placebo, creatine combined with sodium bicarbonate (SMD: 2.2, 95% CrI: 1.5, 3.1), creatine (SMD: 1.0, 95% CrI: 0.38, 1.6), and sodium bicarbonate (SMD: 0.42, 95% CrI: 0.18, 0.66) was associated with a statistically significant increase in mean power. Compared to placebo, creatine combined with sodium bicarbonate (SMD: 1.6, 95% CrI: 0.85, 2.3), creatine (SMD: 1.1, 95% CrI: 0.45, 1.7), and sodium bicarbonate (SMD: 0.35, 95% CrI: 0.11, 0.57) was associated with a statistically significant increase in peak power. Compared to placebo, caffeine (SMD: 1.4, 95% CrI: 0.19, 2.7) was associated with a statistically significant increase in the number of kicks. Compared to placebo, caffeine (SMD: 0.35, 95% CrI: 0.081, 0.61) was associated with a statistically significant increase in the number of throws. This study suggests that a range of dietary supplements, including caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate combined with caffeine, creatine, creatine combined with sodium bicarbonate, and beta-alanine can improve the athletic performance of elite combat sports athletes.
PMID:39747536 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-84359-3
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):262. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84169-7.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the relationship between the novel acromial angle and rotator cuff tears through imaging studies. We retrospectively selected 148 patients who underwent complete imaging examinations including scapular outlet X-rays and shoulder MRIs from January 2023 to September 2024 at our hospital. Based on whether the subjects had rotator cuff tears, they were divided into an injury group and a normal group, and the differences in the novel acromial angle between the two groups were compared. The novel acromial angle in the normal group was (149.1 ± 5.957)°, while in the injury group, it was (142.3 ± 6.558)°, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). The probability of rotator cuff injury was 79.07% for individuals with a novel acromial angle smaller than the average in the injury group. The novel acromial angle in the injury group was generally smaller than that in the normal group. A novel acromial angle smaller than the average was associated with a higher probability of rotator cuff injury, and smaller angles were more likely to lead to more severe rotator cuff tears. Therefore, the novel acromial angle may serve as a simple and objective method to predict the probability of rotator cuff tears.
PMID:39747528 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-84169-7