Nevin Manimala

Laryngoscope. 2024 Dec 28. doi: 10.1002/lary.31973. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Repositioning and fixation of the posterior septal angle (PSA) relative to the anterior nasal spine (ANS) is a well-known maneuver performed during rhinoplasty. Suture techniques through the periosteum along with transosseous drilling through the spine are the two most common fixation methods. We report on how nasal airway patency varies as a function of technique and patient demographic factors.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent PSA repositioning and stabilization during rhinoplasty due to caudal septal deformities. Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scales were measured pre- and post-operation to evaluate functional outcomes.

RESULTS: 207 patients with either mobile or immobile PSA underwent ANS fixation secured with either a suture passed through the periosteum of the ANS or with the creation of a drill hole through the ANS. In all patients regardless of clinical or demographic groupings, postoperative NOSE scores were significantly decreased when compared to preoperative scores (p < 0.05). Preoperative NOSE score, fixation method, sex, functional versus cosmetic, age, follow-up period, and graft site did not independently affect the postoperative NOSE score. Though the differences between primary and revision outcomes were statistically significant, patients in both groups reported significant improvements in postoperative NOSE scores that deescalated their symptoms from “severe” to “mild.”

CONCLUSION: Repositioning and fixation of the PSA improve patient outcomes. However, there is no significant difference between fixation methods on final NOSE scores. Septal fixation with consideration for patient anatomy allows for effective treatment.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

PMID:39731513 | DOI:10.1002/lary.31973

Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2443041. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2443041. Epub 2024 Dec 28.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the differences of conventional ultrasound characteristics, elastic imaging parameters and clinicopathological characteristics of distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer in young women, and to identify imaging parameters that exhibited significant associations with each molecular subtype.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis encompassing 310 young women with breast cancer. Observations were made regarding the ultrasonography and elastography characteristics of the identified breast lesions. Subsequently, based on immunohistochemistry results patients were classified into five distinct molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B (HER2-), luminal B (HER2+), HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Clinical, pathological, and ultrasound imaging features were compared among these subtypes using binary logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in various parameters across the five molecular subtypes (p < 0.05), including tumor size, morphology, margins, calcification, posterior echo features, blood flow (Adler grading), and tumor hardness. Specifically, luminal A subtype exhibited propensity for spiculated margins, lower blood flow grading, and decreased hardness; luminal B subtype was characterized by angular margins; HER2+ subtype manifested higher blood flow grading, calcification, and elevated hardness. Conversely, TNBC subtype displayed smooth margins, absence of calcification, and heightened hardness.

CONCLUSION: Specific molecular subtypes of breast cancer have unique ultrasonic and elastic imaging characteristics.

PMID:39731510 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2024.2443041

Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2447404. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2447404. Epub 2024 Dec 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics of orthopaedic trauma patients and thereby optimize healthcare resource allocation and improve treatment efficiency.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relying on the hospital information system (HIS) database, we retrospectively analysed the epidemiological characteristics of orthopaedic trauma inpatients in our hospital between 2013 and 2022, including patient demographic information, causes of injury, location of injury and hospitalization costs.

RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 36 (26-47) years old; the age stratification of the patients was highest in the proportion of patients aged 40-50 years old (29.23%); hypertension was the most common among the patients’ comorbidities (1.29%); patients’ occupation was highest in heavy labourers such as farmers and workers, about 63.04% (n = 13923); patients’ admissions were mainly in the form of emergencies (n = 16875, 76.41%); and patients’ median hospitalization time was 7 (5, 12) days. The highest percentage of the cause of injury was due to exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (75.4%), followed by falls (16.14%) and traffic accidents (6.49%). The highest percentage of cause of injury in all age groups was due to inanimate mechanical force, and the percentage of patients with falls increased with age, and there was a positive correlation between age groups and the percentage of patients with falls (r = 0.964, p < 0.01). The highest percentage of patients with injuries to the upper extremities was about 74%. The distribution of injury sites in all age groups was highest in the upper extremities. Age was positively correlated with trunk injuries (r = 0.469, p = 0.203). The median hospitalization cost for patients over a 10-year period was approximately $1,100.

CONCLUSIONS: By analysing the epidemiological characteristics of patients, a general profile of local orthopaedic trauma patients was established, which can help in the development of disease prevention and interventions.

PMID:39731507 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2024.2447404

Malays J Pathol. 2024 Dec;46(3):413-421.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Endometrial cancer is one of the leading gynaecological malignancies in developed countries and becoming more prevalent in Malaysia. These have significant impact in women and management of this disease. If it occurs on young women, and as a whole becomes a burden on the national economy and world. This research aims to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological features of endometrial epithelial cancer among women treated in a University Hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endometrial cancer cases were retrieved from the Pathology Department’s Laboratory Information. The histopathology examination reports of the selected cases were reviewed, and the findings and diagnosis were recorded. The descriptive data was presented using pie charts, bar graphs, and tables.

RESULTS: Endometrial cancer recorded the highest in 2022 and less than 15 of endometrial cancer cases were recorded in other years. Women with endometrial cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 59 have the highest percentage (36.6%). It is the most prevalent high number (89%) among female Malay race people. Hypertension and diabetes were found in 52.5% and 37.8% of endometrial cancer patients, respectively. Endometrial cancer patients were also overweight or obese (68.2%). Endometrial cancers were of endometrioid subtypes with tumour grade 1 (71.6%) and early the stage 1 (57.6%). The myometrial invasion in 64.7% of endometrial cancer patients exhibited a superficial invasion depth of less than 50% (54.7%). Lymphovascular invasion was observed in 28.9% of diagnosed cases.

CONCLUSION: Despite belonging to the postmenopausal and overweight/obesity categories, Malay Kelantanese women diagnosed with endometrial cancer exhibited some favourable prognostic indicators.

PMID:39731490

Malays J Pathol. 2024 Dec;46(3):401-412.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To determine the epidemiology of blood culture-positive late-onset sepsis (LOS, >72 hours of age) in 44 Malaysian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Design: Multicentre retrospective observational study using data from the Malaysian National Neonatal Registry.

PARTICIPANTS: 739486 neonates (birthweight ≥500g, gestation ≥22 weeks) born and admitted in 2015-2020.

RESULTS: LOS developed in 2707 (0.4%) neonates. Median annual incidence (per 100 admissions) was 12.0 (range: 8.1-13.8) in extremely preterm (EPT, gestation <28 weeks), 5.3 (range: 5.0-6.8) in very preterm (VPT, gestation 28-<32 weeks), 0.5 (range: 0.4-0.7) in moderate/late preterm (gestation 32-<37 weeks) and 0.1 in term (gestation ≥37 weeks) neonates. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 54.7% of pathogens isolated, gram-positive bacteria 39.3%, and fungal and other pathogens 6.0%. The six most common pathogens were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (18.3%), Klebsiella spp. (18.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.7%) and Escherichia coli (5.9%). LOS-attributable mortality was 14.3% in EPT, 9.3% in VPT, 8.3% in LPT and 6.2% in term neonates. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that EPT, small-for-gestation (SGA), conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), high frequency ventilation (HFV), TPN and use of central venous lines (CVL) were significant independent risk factors associated with LOS in neonates <32 weeks’ gestation. The significant independent risk factors associated with mortality in neonates with LOS were SGA, CMV, HFV, gram-negative sepsis, fungal sepsis, and pneumothorax.

CONCLUSION: Gram-negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens. Decreasing the usage of invasive ventilation, CVL and TPN may reduce the incidence and mortality of LOS, particularly in neonates <32 weeks gestation.

PMID:39731489

Psychol Health Med. 2024 Dec 28:1-21. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2447008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to determine whether the fear of missing out (FoMO) has a mediating role in the effect of general belongingness (acceptance, exclusion) and happiness on smartphone addiction. The study consists of 656 university students from Turkey and agreeing to participate in the study. Of the students participating in the study, 77.7% were female. The participants were between the ages of 17 and 34, with a mean age of 21.32 ± 2.08 years. In this cross-sectional research design, the relationship between smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, general belonging and happiness variables was examined. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the data and partial least squares path analysis (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the research model. FoMO has a mediating effect on the effect of acceptance, exclusion, happiness on smartphone addiction. These findings highlight the significant role of FoMO in mediating the relationship between fundamental social needs (belongingness, happiness) and smartphone addiction. This suggests that interventions aimed at reducing smartphone addiction should consider addressing not only the technological dependence but also the underlying social and emotional needs that drive it. Promoting healthy social connections and fostering a sense of belonging among young adults may be crucial in mitigating the risk of smartphone addiction.

PMID:39731479 | DOI:10.1080/13548506.2024.2447008

Psychol Health Med. 2024 Dec 28:1-20. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2440656. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This two-phase study aims to develop the Turkish version of the German Eating Behavior Scale (SEV-Tr), and to investigate the potential associations of health-conscious and weight-controlling eating behaviors with nutritional and health status. In the first phase, the original scale was adapted to the Turkish language and its validity and reliability were assessed in 299 healthy individuals aged 19-64 years. In the second phase, the SEV-Tr was retested in a study population of 110 healthy individuals, aged 19-64 years, and the potential associations between the SEV-Tr score, anthropometrical and biochemical measurements, and other eating behaviors assessed by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-Tr21) were examined. Statistical analyses were performed using AMOS 20.00 and SPSS 22.0 software packages. A two-dimensional structure was identified for the SEV-Tr, and named ‘health-conscious eating behavior’ and ‘weight- controlling eating behavior’. In the second phase, participants were clustered based on their weight-controlling and health-conscious eating behaviors (F = 59.46, p = 0.01). Participants with lower health-conscious and weight-controlling eating behaviors had higher lean body mass (p = 0.03), serum triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), emotional eating behavior (p = 0.03), and lower cognitive restraint behavior (p = 0.01, p < 0.05). Furthermore, participants with high levels of health-conscious eating behavior had higher serum HDL cholesterol (r = 0.23, p = 0.02). Regression models suggested that lower levels of emotional eating and higher levels of cognitive restraint were associated with increased weight-controlling and health-conscious eating behaviors. This study provided a valid and reliable version of the SEV to assess the health-conscious and weight-controlling eating patterns in people from Turkish culture.

PMID:39731477 | DOI:10.1080/13548506.2024.2440656

J Viral Hepat. 2025 Feb;32(2):e14049. doi: 10.1111/jvh.14049.

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of viral hepatitis among people in prisons is higher than in the general population. Screening, treatment and vaccination programmes exist within prisons to reduce the incidence of hepatitis, although lower uptake has often been reported compared to similar programmes outside of prisons. We conducted a systematic review of qualitative evidence to explore the barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B and C reduction programmes in prisons from the perspectives of people in prison, custodial staff and prison healthcare staff. Comprehensive searches of five databases (to November 2023) yielded 28 studies for review inclusion. Four synthesised findings were identified: (i) accurate, up-to-date knowledge of viral hepatitis disease and treatment among people in prison and staff is a facilitator to programme uptake, particularly when imparted by a trusted source; (ii) personal subjective and relative views have a bearing on participation with the programme; (iii) social interactions and relationships both within the community of people in prison and between them and staff groups influence participation in the programmes; and (iv) the organisational structure of the prison and healthcare services within it affect programme participation. Based on these findings, we make recommendations for the adaptation of viral hepatitis programmes to individual custodial settings thereby improving equitable programme access and hepatitis B and C reduction in this complex environment.

PMID:39731473 | DOI:10.1111/jvh.14049

Nurs Open. 2025 Jan;12(1):e70136. doi: 10.1002/nop2.70136.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Health literacy is considered as key factor to empower women to participate in self-care and child-care activities. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between health-promoting behaviours and health literacy among pregnant women.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.

METHODS: This study surveyed 308 pregnant women in 2022 using questionnaires, including the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) and the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA). Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data by IBM SPSS 23.0 statistics package program.

RESULTS: The mean scores for women’s health literacy and health-promoting behaviours were 70.31 ± 13.56 and 135.56 ± 17.38, respectively. The lowest score in the health literacy subscales was related to the appraisal (66.07 ± 17.81) and in the health-promoting lifestyle dimensions was associated with the physical activity dimension (13.87 ± 3.87). There was a significant and positive correlation between health literacy and health-promoting behaviours (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). Among the health literacy dimensions, decision-making showed the strongest correlation with health-promoting lifestyle (r = 0.55, p < 0.001).

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The results of this study demonstrated that pregnant women with higher health literacy scores exhibited a higher level of engagement in health-promoting behaviours. Assessing health-promoting behaviours in pregnant women by health providers during prenatal care helps identify dimensions receiving less attention during pregnancy, and solutions can be provided to women to address these issues.

PMID:39731456 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.70136

Biometrics. 2024 Oct 3;80(4):ujae155. doi: 10.1093/biomtc/ujae155.

ABSTRACT

Health care decisions are increasingly informed by clinical decision support algorithms, but these algorithms may perpetuate or increase racial and ethnic disparities in access to and quality of health care. Further complicating the problem, clinical data often have missing or poor quality racial and ethnic information, which can lead to misleading assessments of algorithmic bias. We present novel statistical methods that allow for the use of probabilities of racial/ethnic group membership in assessments of algorithm performance and quantify the statistical bias that results from error in these imputed group probabilities. We propose a sensitivity analysis approach to estimating the statistical bias that allows practitioners to assess disparities in algorithm performance under a range of assumed levels of group probability error. We also prove theoretical bounds on the statistical bias for a set of commonly used fairness metrics and describe real-world scenarios where our theoretical results are likely to apply. We present a case study using imputed race and ethnicity from the modified Bayesian Improved First and Surname Geocoding algorithm for estimation of disparities in a clinical decision support algorithm used to inform osteoporosis treatment. Our novel methods allow policymakers to understand the range of potential disparities under a given algorithm even when race and ethnicity information is missing and to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of machine learning for clinical decision support.

PMID:39731446 | DOI:10.1093/biomtc/ujae155