Nevin Manimala

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2024 May 24;0(0):1-27. doi: 10.11607/jomi.10506. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of simultaneous implant placements using transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) with and without enamel matrix derivative (EMD) application.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients were randomly assigned into two groups: EMD+TSFE Group was defined as (n=13 patients, 20 implants) TSFE with EMD application, and TSFE Group was defined as (n=11 patients, 20 implants) TSFE without EMD application. The patients recalled at 3- (T3) and 12- (T12) months after surgery. The residual bone height (RBH), implant protrusion length (IPL), peri-implant sinus bone level (SBL), endo-sinus bone gain (ESBG), and implant stability (ISQ) were measured. Multivariable regressions were performed for the groups.

RESULTS: The ESBG was 3.72±0.85 mm in the EMD+TSFE group and, was 3.10±0.05 mm in the TSFE group at T3 and there were statistically significant differences. (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in ESBG at T12 between the groups. (p>0.05) ISQ values did not show a statistical difference between the groups at T1 and T3, but in the TSFE+EMD group, it showed a statistical increase at T3 in the intra-group evaluation compared to the TSFE group.

CONCLUSION: In this study, it can be mentioned that the use of EMD in TSFE operations is effective in new bone formation in the apical part of the implant during the early healing period, but in the long term, no significant difference was shown between cases in which EMD was used or not in terms of new bone formation and primary and secondary stabilization. The study was submitted at ClinicalTrials.com; the clinical trial number is ###.

PMID:38788135 | DOI:10.11607/jomi.10506

West Afr J Med. 2024 Mar 29;41(3):293-300.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Post-abortion care (PAC) is a crucial component of emergency obstetric care, and many of the primary health care centres (PHC) in the internally displaced person (IDP) camps and host communities in Maiduguri lack it. Improved access to high-quality PACs is essential for meeting the reproductive health needs of the IDPs and reducing the maternal morbidity and mortality that can result from miscarriages. OBJECTIVE: To determine the trend in managing miscarriages in the IDP camps and host communities in Maiduguri and the impact of the volunteer obstetrician scheme (VOS) on PAC.

METHODOLOGY: We conducted a longitudinal study in selected PHCs serving IDP camps and host communities in Maiduguri. The study spanned five (5) years, and we compared the management of miscarriages and PAC services one year before the VOS project, two years during the project and two years after the project. During the two-year VOS project, staff manning the PHCs had supportive supervision with hands-on training on PAC. Chi-square for trend and odd ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used as appropriate to compare the trend in PAC services provided during the study period.

RESULTS: One thousand eight hundred and eight (1808) women presented with miscarriages, and 1562 (86.4%) required uterine evacuation. Medical evacuation with oral misoprostol was offered to 974 (62.4%), and manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) was used in 422 (27.0%) of the women who needed uterine evacuation. There was a statistically significant rise in the use of medical evacuation throughout the study period (52.2% before VOS, and 71.4% by the second year of VOS) with ꭓ2=41.64 and P<0.001. In comparison, the use of MVA fell from 38.6% in 2015 to 27.7% in 2019 (ꭓ2=34.74 and P<0.001). Similar rising trends were also observed in postabortion family planning acceptance (ꭓ2=22.27, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The Volunteer Obstetrician Scheme project appears to have improved PAC services, especially medical evacuation and family planning uptake in the PHCs in IDP camps and host communities in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. We recommend task shifting of PAC services and periodic supportive supervision to ensure the quality of care.

PMID:38788122

Work. 2024 May 22. doi: 10.3233/WOR-240118. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The physical condition of workers’ body structure and assigned duties, can contribute to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body structure status, type of work activity, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the detergent industry.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 148 industrial workers selected based on inclusion criteria and their medical checkup records. Data collection for the study included a demographic information questionnaire, a body map questionnaire, and an assessment of the workers’ musculoskeletal system conducted by three physiotherapists simultaneously.

RESULTS: 54.1% of the participants had a total body structure score classified as poor or fair. The neck region showed the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (51.4%), followed by the lower back region (35.1%). Significant associations were found between abnormalities in the upper and middle limbs of the body and the prevalence of pain in the right shoulder region (Fisher/F = 9.29, P≤0.05) as well as the intermediate back region (F = 10.28, P≤0.01). Office workers experienced a higher prevalence of neck pain than workers in the product line and technical roles, with a statistically significant Odds Ratio (OR) ranging between 2.7 and 6.6 times. Conversely, industrial workers who operate powered machinery showed a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder (OR = 3.93) and left foot (OR = 4.07). Meanwhile, workers involved in loading and unloading tasks had a higher prevalence of pain in the middle back (OR = 3.61) and right foot (OR = 4.5) compared to office workers.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pain in the right shoulder and middle back may be due to abnormalities in the upper and intermediate body structure. Production line workers reported a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder, middle back, and foot compared to office workers.

PMID:38788113 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-240118

Work. 2024 May 18. doi: 10.3233/WOR-230653. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aircraft software loading tools evolved as enhanced floppy disks and different types of portable data loaders emerged into the modern world. However, there was a lack of academic research centered on the usability of those tools.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the usability of three aircraft software loading tools: floppy disks, Teledyne PMAT, and MBS mini PDL.

METHODS: A total of 20 avionics technicians answered 10 System Usability Scale (SUS) indicators and performed the software loading task. These professionals completed three sets of SUS questionnaires, one set for each software tool.

RESULTS: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there were statistical differences in SUS score and completion time. The comparable SUS score and completion time pertained to the following tools: floppy disks & MBS mini PDL and Teledyne PMAT & MBS mini PDL. Pearson correlation analysis noted a significant positive relationship between SUS score & software tool. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between SUS score & completion time and software tool & completion time. However, avionics technicians’ years of experience lacked a significant impact on SUS score and completion time. Ultimately, it was recommended to utilize MBS mini PDL. This aircraft loading tool had the most significant impact, highest SUS score, and fastest completion time.

CONCLUSIONS: The researchers presented managerial implications if MBS mini PDL was utilized, including sales increase and overhead cost savings. Finally, this research was the first study that analyzed the usability of the commonly used aircraft software loading tools.

PMID:38788110 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-230653

Work. 2024 May 21. doi: 10.3233/WOR-230528. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Using a computer may lead to pain in wrists, neck, and back. In addition, adopting various body postures like sitting cross-legged, semi-fowler’s position, and putting the laptop on the leg may lead to the development of persistent and irreversible discomfort.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research is to design and build an adjustable ergonomic laptop desk based on the anthropometric characteristics of students in the age range of 20 to 30 years and to evaluate its efficiency using RULA and NERPA methods.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted on 108 students, in which an adjustable and portable ergonomic desk designed and built based on 10 anthropometric dimensions of students and the length and width of 10 different laptop models. Two assessment methods, RULA and NERPA, were used. Wilcoxon statistic test and SPSS version 26 software used for data analysis.

RESULTS: The dimensions of the desk were calculated in three positions, and the desk was made with the ability to adjust height, width and tilt, each with two degrees of freedom. The statistical analysis comparing score of RULA and NERPA in two situations without using a desk and using an ergonomic laptop desk had a significant difference (P-value < 0.001). Comparison of RULA and NERPA scores showed that NERPA evaluated the low ergonomic risk level better than RULA method.

CONCLUSIONS: Due to the ability to adjust the designed desk, the changes in RULA and NERPA score in all three modes, it indicates the effectiveness of the table in improving the body posture of users when using a laptop.

PMID:38788108 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-230528

Technol Health Care. 2024 Apr 27. doi: 10.3233/THC-231757. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dental education is considered as a complex, challenging and often stressful educational procedure. Acquisition of psychomotor skills by undergraduate students is an important step in many health professions to become a successful professional. During under graduation, class II cavity preparation exercise is of utmost important in dentistry.

OBJECTIVE: To compare class II cavities prepared by students after hands-on live demonstration and pre-recorded video demonstration using well-organised evaluation rubrics.

METHOD: Preclinical dental students (n= 50) were divided into two groups. The students in group I (n= 25) attended a hands-on live demonstration performed by one faculty while students in group II (n= 25) watched a 15-minute pre-recorded procedural video on the projector. Both groups were appealed to prepare class II cavity for amalgam involving disto-occlusal surface of mandibular second molar articulated on jaw model (TRU LON study model, Jayna industries, Ghaziabad U.P., India). Following completion of the preparations, all teeth were collected, and labelled grades of prepared cavities were given according to prespecified rubrics. The data of scores were presented as means and standard deviation. Statistical analysis of data was executed using SPSS software. A paired t-test was used to compare scores between groups.

RESULTS: The study shows that the video-supported demonstration of a cavity preparation was better than the live hands-on demonstration. A higher mean response for the procedural video group was found compared to the live demonstration group (p= 0.000133).

CONCLUSION: Pre-recorded video-supported demonstration along with guidance by a tutor may be a viable alternative to hands-on live demonstration in cavity preparation procedures during undergraduate dental training. Moreover, rubric methods can be implemented in the teaching of various preclinical exercises for conservative dentistry and endodontics.

PMID:38788102 | DOI:10.3233/THC-231757

Cardiovasc J Afr. 2024 Apr 5;34:1-9. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2024-005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular risk is a health concern in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). This longitudinal study (baseline vs 36 months) aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and markers of cardiovascular risk in a South African study population [HIV free, n = 22 vs HIV positive on antiretroviral therapy (HIV+ART), n = 73)]. Health questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses and flow-mediated dilation were performed. Linear mixed-model statistical analyses were applied. The HIV+ART vs the HIV-free groups were independently associated with body mass index (BMI) [-4.92 (-7.99 to -1.84), p = 0.002] and waist circumference [-10.5 (-17.2 to -3.77), p = 0.003]. ART duration was associated with BMI [2.60 (0.57-4.62), p = 0.013], waist circumference [3.83 (0.03-7.63), p = 0.048] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [20.18 (2.37-41.09), p = 0.025]. The data showed that intricate relationships existed in this study population between HIV, ART, body composition and cardiometabolic variables. There is a need for more research investigating cardiovascular risk in PLWH, particularly in the context of changes in body composition measures.

PMID:38787609 | DOI:10.5830/CVJA-2024-005

JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 May 24;10:e39297. doi: 10.2196/39297.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Innovation in seasonal influenza vaccine development has resulted in a wider range of formulations becoming available. Understanding vaccine coverage across populations including the timing of administration is important when evaluating vaccine benefits and risks.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to report the representativeness, uptake of influenza vaccines, different formulations of influenza vaccines, and timing of administration within the English Primary Care Sentinel Cohort (PCSC).

METHODS: We used the PCSC of the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre. We included patients of all ages registered with PCSC member general practices, reporting influenza vaccine coverage between September 1, 2019, and January 29, 2020. We identified influenza vaccination recipients and characterized them by age, clinical risk groups, and vaccine type. We reported the date of influenza vaccination within the PCSC by International Standard Organization (ISO) week. The representativeness of the PCSC population was compared with population data provided by the Office for National Statistics. PCSC influenza vaccine coverage was compared with published UK Health Security Agency’s national data. We used paired t tests to compare populations, reported with 95% CI.

RESULTS: The PCSC comprised 7,010,627 people from 693 general practices. The study population included a greater proportion of people aged 18-49 years (2,982,390/7,010,627, 42.5%; 95% CI 42.5%-42.6%) compared with the Office for National Statistics 2019 midyear population estimates (23,219,730/56,286,961, 41.3%; 95% CI 4.12%-41.3%; P<.001). People who are more deprived were underrepresented and those in the least deprived quintile were overrepresented. Within the study population, 24.7% (1,731,062/7,010,627; 95% CI 24.7%-24.7%) of people of all ages received an influenza vaccine compared with 24.2% (14,468,665/59,764,928; 95% CI 24.2%-24.2%; P<.001) in national data. The highest coverage was in people aged ≥65 years (913,695/1,264,700, 72.3%; 95% CI 72.2%-72.3%). The proportion of people in risk groups who received an influenza vaccine was also higher; for example, 69.8% (284,280/407,228; 95% CI 69.7%-70%) of people with diabetes in the PCSC received an influenza vaccine compared with 61.2% (983,727/1,607,996; 95% CI 61.1%-61.3%; P<.001) in national data. In the PCSC, vaccine type and brand information were available for 71.8% (358,365/498,923; 95% CI 71.7%-72%) of people aged 16-64 years and 81.9% (748,312/913,695; 95% CI 81.8%-82%) of people aged ≥65 years, compared with 23.6% (696,880/2,900,000) and 17.8% (1,385,888/7,700,000), respectively, of the same age groups in national data. Vaccination commenced during ISO week 35, continued until ISO week 3, and peaked during ISO week 41. The in-week peak in vaccination administration was on Saturdays.

CONCLUSIONS: The PCSC’s sociodemographic profile was similar to the national population and captured more data about risk groups, vaccine brands, and batches. This may reflect higher data quality. Its capabilities included reporting precise dates of administration. The PCSC is suitable for undertaking studies of influenza vaccine coverage.

PMID:38787605 | DOI:10.2196/39297

Int J Prosthodont. 2024 Feb 21;37(7):221-226. doi: 10.11607/prd.8928.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate fracture load values of five types of interim CAD/CAM crowns with and without thermocycling.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A complete coverage crown was designed on a mandibular first molar with a uniform 1.5-mm axial and occlusal reduction, and the STL file was exported to manufacture 100 crowns using five materials (20 crowns per material): ZCAD Temp Esthetic (SM-ZCAD; Harvest Dental); Telio CAD (SM-TCAD); P pro Crown and Bridge (AM-PPRO); E-Dent 400 C&B MHF (AM-EDENT); and DENTCA Crown & Bridge (AM-DENTCA). Each group was then divided into two subgroups: before and after thermocycling (10 cornws per subgroup). The STL file of the mandibular first molar die was used to manufacture 100 resin dies. Each die was assigned to one interim crown. Interim crowns were then luted to their assigned die using a temporary luting agent. The fracture strength of crowns was then assessed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/minute. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparations post-hoc tests were used to assess the effect of material choice and thermocycling process on the fracture strength of interim crowns (α = .05).

RESULTS: Material choice and the thermocycling process exerted a significant (P < .001) impact on the fracture strength of interim crowns. However, the interaction between these two factors did not yield a statistically significant effect (P = .176).

CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the type of interim materials and thermocycling process have a significant impact on the fracture strength of interim crowns.

PMID:38787587 | DOI:10.11607/prd.8928

Int J Prosthodont. 2024 Feb 21;37(7):195-202.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the fracture resistance of permanent resin crowns for primary teeth produced using two different 3D-printing technologies (digital light processing [DLP] and stereolithography [SLA]) and cemented with various luting cements (glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, and self-adhesive resin cement), whether thermally aged or not.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A typodont primary mandibular second molar tooth was prepared and scanned, and a restoration design was created with web-based artificial intelligence (AI) dental software. A total of 96 crowns were prepared, and 12 experimental groups were generated according to the cement type, 3Dprinting technology (DLP or SLA), and thermal aging. Fracture resistance values and failure types of the specimens were noted. The results were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α = .05).

RESULTS: The results of the three-way ANOVA showed that there was an interaction among the factors (3D-printing technology, cement type, and thermal aging) (P = .003). Thermal aging significantly decreased the fracture resistance values in all experimental groups. DLP-printed crowns showed higher fracture resistance values than SLA-printed crowns. Cement type also affected the fracture resistance, with glass ionomer cement showing the lowest values after aging. Resin-modified glass ionomer and resin cements were more preferable for 3D-printed crowns.

CONCLUSIONS: The type of cement and the 3D-printing technology significantly influenced the fracture resistance of 3D-printed permanent resin crowns for primary teeth, and it was decided that these crowns would be able to withstand masticatory forces in children.

PMID:38787584