Nevin Manimala

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2025 Dec 30:10538127251407665. doi: 10.1177/10538127251407665. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundBooster sessions are suggested to maintain self-management behaviors and treatment effects in chronic low back pain (LBP) interventions, but the effects of boosters on outcomes and the best parameters for booster prescription are unclear.Objectives(1) Compare booster prescription for two LBP treatments in an RCT where prescription was based on self-management program independence, (2) Determine if participant-specific variables predict requiring additional boosters, (3) Explore effects of boosters on outcomes in those requiring additional boosters.MethodsSecondary analysis of an RCT where 154 participants with LBP were randomized to motor skill training (MST), MST + Boosters (MST + B), strength/flexibility exercise (SFE), or SFE + B. This analysis focuses only on the + Boosters groups (age: 40.1 ± 11.2 years, 49 female, LBP duration 9.8 ± 8.8 years). Participants received MST or SFE and six months later received up to 3 boosters. Self-management program independence was assessed at the first booster, and those who were not independent required additional (>1) boosters. Chi-square tests were used to analyze booster prescription. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of requiring additional boosters. Descriptive statistics were calculated for outcomes for participants who did and did not require additional boosters.ResultsMST + B and SFE + B did not significantly differ in returning for the first booster, χ²(1) = 1.76, p = 0.185. SFE + B were over 10 times more likely to require additional boosters than MST + B; OR = 10.9, 95% CI = [3.1, 38.1]. No participant-specific factors were statistically related to needing additional boosters. Attending additional boosters did not appear to change pain or function.ConclusionsIntervention type, not participant-specific factors, predicted the need for additional boosters. Attending additional boosters did not appear to change pain or function in the current sample.

PMID:41467961 | DOI:10.1177/10538127251407665

Epilepsia. 2025 Dec 30. doi: 10.1002/epi.70070. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the performance of single-item global ratings (SIGRs) and multi-item scales (MISs) in epilepsy research, and assess the influence of diverse constructs, study designs, and statistical methods.

METHODS: Systematic scoping review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1980 onward. English-language articles including ≥30 persons with epilepsy and using at least one SIGR and one MIS were analyzed. Citation screening at all levels was done independently by two reviewers; data extraction was standardized. We analyzed individual measurements of effect magnitude for SIGRs and MISs. For meta-analyses, correlation-related metrics were transformed to Pearson r and Fisher z transformed, and effect-size metrics were converted to Cohen’s d with Hedges g correction. Multilevel meta-analyses were used to account for data heterogeneity and clustering of effect sizes within studies, and to assess the influence of predefined moderators. Publication bias was assessed with standard methods.

RESULTS: A total of 18 267 citations were identified, and 58 studies were included. Effect magnitude was medium to large across measurements, and it was slightly larger for MISs than for SIGRs, both for correlations and effect sizes (difference = .04, p < .001). Overall, SIGRs and MISs were comparable, and statistically significant differences did not cross effect thresholds (from small to medium or medium to large). Correlations and effect sizes for SIGRs and MISs were lowest in studies involving children and when assessing change; and for SIGRs when Global Clinical Impression (GCI) formats were used.

SIGNIFICANCE: SIGRs are likely comparable to MISs across multiple study and statistical contexts. However, in certain clinical scenarios, MISs will outperform SIGRs and vice versa. Researchers should carefully consider whether SIGRs, MISs, or a combination is most appropriate to answer the research question.

PMID:41467957 | DOI:10.1002/epi.70070

J Interpers Violence. 2025 Dec 30:8862605251398461. doi: 10.1177/08862605251398461. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Coerced debt is an important but understudied form of intimate partner violence. It occurs when abusive partners use fraud, coercion, or manipulation to incur debt in their partners’ names. For the current study, we sampled 187 women who had recently divorced an abusive husband and their combined 2,833 credit accounts to answer the questions: (1) On what types of credit accounts and using what types of transactions (i.e., fraud, coercion, and manipulation) did ex-husbands create coerced debt in their partners’ names? (2) How much money was spent and what items were purchased? and (3) What reasons did ex-husbands give for pressuring participants to open accounts in their names that resulted in coerced debt? We collected data via an online survey and telephone interview. We analyzed quantitative data with descriptive statistics and responses to open-ended questions with inductive thematic analysis. The findings indicated that coerced debt is a common and expensive problem with a wide variety of presentations. The 116 participants with coerced debt had a mean of 4.4 and a maximum of 24 such debts and owed a combined total of over 12.5 million dollars. The most common types of accounts with coerced debt were credit cards, vehicle loans, mortgages, personal loans, and student loans. Coercive transactions were much more common than debt created by fraudulent transactions. Coerced debt was used for basic necessities, lifestyle purchases, transportation, the ex-husbands’ personal interests, financial needs and obligations, and other household members’ needs. The most common reason ex-husbands gave for putting accounts in their partners’ names was personal resource adequacy. This study indicates the need for future research on the effects of coerced debt and the effectiveness of interventions to address it; screening tools and practices for use in direct service settings; and laws that address debt created by coercive transactions.

PMID:41467937 | DOI:10.1177/08862605251398461

J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2025 Dec 18. doi: 10.1177/15409996251410003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare intrauterine device (IUD) expulsion rates between medication and procedural abortion management for induced or spontaneous abortion and identify risk factors for expulsion. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing medication or procedural management of induced or spontaneous abortion ≤10 weeks’ gestation at a specialty clinic within a single academic center between 2010 and 2023. Included patients received a copper or levonorgestrel IUD at the time of uterine aspiration or within 30 days of medication management and had clinical or radiographical follow-up describing the IUD. The primary outcome was partial or complete IUD expulsion. Secondary analyses examined associations between clinical variables and expulsion risk. Results: Among 410 patients, 60 received medication for induced or spontaneous abortion, and 350 underwent procedural management for induced or spontaneous abortion. The IUD expulsion rate was 12% following medication management and 11% following procedural management, with no statistically significant difference. In a regression analysis, indication, treatment method, gestational age, and IUD type were not associated with IUD expulsion. Gravidity was the only independent risk factor (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09-1.35). Conclusions: IUD expulsion rate after procedural or medication management of induced or spontaneous abortion was approximately 11% and did not differ by indication or treatment.

PMID:41467930 | DOI:10.1177/15409996251410003

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2025 Dec 30. doi: 10.1007/s13555-025-01567-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Several treatments are available for actinic keratosis (AK), many of which are hampered by local inflammation, pain, long duration, and slow healing. Indoor daylight photodynamic therapy (idl-PDT) is an effective, well-tolerated, first-line treatment for both AK and field cancerization, but its feasibility is limited by the long time required for illumination (2 h). The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of idl-PDT with an illumination time of 1 h versus 2 h in the treatment of scalp AK.

METHODS: We conducted an intrapatient, comparative study of idl-PDT with two illumination durations, 1 h versus 2 h, using methyl aminolevulinate (MAL, Metvix®) and a white light-emitting diode (LED) light (Dermaris®) for the treatment of scalp AK. Patients were evaluated 3 months and 6 months after one session of idl-MAL-PDT for AK response rate, both overall and by AK grade, and tolerability. Physicians’ and patients’ satisfaction were also investigated.

RESULTS: A total of 55 patients were enrolled with a total of 955 AK (grade I-II). The AK clearance rate was 72.9% in 1 h-half and 71.1% in 2 h-half after 3 months, and 76.2% in 1 h-half and 78.9% in 2 h-half after 6 months. No statistically significant difference in efficacy (overall, grade I and II AK) was observed between the two illumination times, both at 3 and 6 months. The local skin reaction score and pain numeric rating scale (NRS) were very low, and comparable between the two treatment arms. Both physicians and patients expressed very good opinion on effectiveness and cosmetic outcome. Overall, 96.4% of patients would undergo idl-PDT again.

CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of idl-PDT in treating grade I and II AK of the scalp was comparable using 1 h or 2 h as illumination time. Both treatment schedules were well tolerated, with a very high rate of satisfaction from both physicians and patients. This trial was retrospectively registered on the 4th of December 2025.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials. gov identifier, NCT07290959.

PMID:41467928 | DOI:10.1007/s13555-025-01567-z

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2025 Dec 18. doi: 10.1177/08892229251405793. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The collection, storage, and transport of plasma, the ideal specimen for HIV-1 genotyping, is plagued by technical difficulties in resource-limited settings. We aimed to compare corresponding bio-samples for HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance testing. A total of 87 matched specimens of plasma, dried blood spots (DBS), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from 29 persons living with HIV (PLWH) in clinical, immunological, and/or virological failure were included. Drug resistance genotyping was done by nested PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene. The clinical reporting was based on the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Amplification and genotyping success rates from the three sample types were compared. The level of agreement between the sample types was assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. In total, 89.7% (n = 26) of samples were amplified in plasma, 69% (n = 20) in DBS, and 100% (n = 29) in PBMC. In samples with plasma viral load >1,000 copies/mL, 96.2% were amplified in plasma, 73.1% in DBS, and 100% in PBMCs. The median number of mutations detected in plasma, DBS, and PBMCs was 6.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2-8.25), 5 (IQR: 0-6), and 5 (IQR: 2-7), respectively. The difference in the number of mutations across the three sample types was not statistically significant (p = 0.221). The agreement between the sample types was calculated based on susceptibility and resistance to different antivirals. The kappa values for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ranged from 0.70 to 0.88 and 0.75 to 0.87, respectively. Six samples showed discordance in HIV-1 drug resistance profiles when compared across the three compartments. DBS is a promising alternative to plasma for HIV-1 genotypic testing in resource-limited settings owing to the ease of sampling, storage, transportation, human resource efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. However, no single specimen type can satisfy all requirements and purposes. Selecting an appropriate specimen for a setting requires careful consideration of the practical constraints, logistical capacity, and application needs.

PMID:41467909 | DOI:10.1177/08892229251405793

Dev Sci. 2026 Mar;29(2):e70117. doi: 10.1111/desc.70117.

ABSTRACT

It has been suggested that bilinguals take greater advantage of visual speech cues than monolinguals. Therefore, in a sample of 474 (47.3% females) monolingual and 101 (48.5% females) bilingual infants at 5 months of age, we examined the tendency to look at the eyes versus the mouth of dynamic faces, as well as the latency and ratio of looking at a static face interspersed with non-social objects. No significant differences were found for these measures, suggesting that monolingual and bilingual infants orient to and scan faces in a similar way. Although no association was found between the tendency to look at eyes versus mouth at 5 months and vocabulary at 24 and 36 months, a higher tendency to look at the eyes was related to a larger receptive vocabulary at 14 months, but only in the monolingual group (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04; 0.27, p = 0.011). However, the difference in beta values of this association between mono- and bilinguals was not statistically significant. In conclusion, we did not find support for the hypothesis that bilingual infants rely on visual speech cues from the mouth more than monolinguals do, and there was no association between the tendency to look at eyes versus mouth and later language development in the bilingual group. SUMMARY: It has been suggested that bilinguals take greater advantage of visual speech cues than monolinguals. Here, no differences between bilingual and monolingual 5-month-olds were found regarding any measures of face scanning. The findings suggest similar visual attention patterns in mono- and bilingual infants, with no impact on bilingual language development.

PMID:41467446 | DOI:10.1111/desc.70117

Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2025 Dec 31. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000001298. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this study, we analyzed and characterized differentially expressed proteins in differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia for screening potential protein markers. We collected gastric tissue specimens from 90 patients treated at the Pathology Department of the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China, between January 2019 and December 2022. These specimens had been fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. We classified these samples into 3 groups: the control group (normal gastric mucosa), the low-grade atypia group (differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia), and the high-grade atypia group (differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with high-grade atypia), consisting of 30 cases in each group. We analyzed differential proteomes with the data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) methodology and selected 4 differentially expressed proteins that were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for validation. A total of 4406 proteins were identified, among which 598 and 357 proteins were statistically different in the low-grade atypia group as compared with the control group and the high-grade atypia group, respectively. IHC staining showed that the expression of FHL3, CSRP2, and FCGR3A was significantly higher in the low-grade atypia group than in the control group (P <0.05) and significantly higher in the high-grade atypia group than in the low-grade atypia group (P <0.05). FHL2 expression was negative to weakly positive in the control and low-grade atypia groups and not significantly different between the 2 groups, whereas FHL2 expression in the high-grade atypia group was significantly higher than in the control and low-grade atypia groups (P <0.05). Proteomic analysis is helpful for discovering new protein markers. Using a combination of FHL3, CSRP2, and FCGR3A can increase the accuracy of the pathologic diagnosis of differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia.

PMID:41467433 | DOI:10.1097/PAI.0000000000001298

J Adolesc. 2025 Dec 30. doi: 10.1002/jad.70101. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Adolescent sexting has been associated with a range of sexual behaviours, yet prior reviews have primarily focused on its relationship with sexual intercourse or sexual risks. This review examined associations of adolescent sexting and specific sexual behaviours.

METHODS: PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CMMC, and MEDLINE were searched in December 2023, February 2024, and September 2025 yielding 5310 references. Eligible studies examined associations between sexting and sexual behaviours among adolescents (10-19 years), published in English. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data per PRISMA guidelines. Quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta-analyses used a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via I² statistics.

RESULTS: Seventeen studies from the EU, Australia and USA, comprising 54,373 adolescents were included in this review; nine contributed to the meta-analysis. Most studies framed sexting as a risk behaviour, fewer adopted normative or dual perspectives. Sexting was associated with multiple sexual behaviours, particularly among older adolescents, LGBTQ+ teenagers, and those in romantic relationships. Meta-analysis found sexting was significantly associated with sexual intercourse (OR = 5.69), oral sex (OR = 12.50), vaginal intercourse (OR = 9.50), anal intercourse (OR = 12.30), and multiple sexual partners (OR = 2.10). Subgroup analysis found specific measures of vaginal intercourse yielded more consistent estimates than unspecified sexual intercourse.

CONCLUSION: These associations highlight the need for multisystem interventions that address both the risks of adolescent sexting and its role in adolescent sexual development in the digital era. Effective responses to sexting should integrate both its risks and its role in adolescent development into policy, education, and health strategies.

PMID:41467417 | DOI:10.1002/jad.70101

Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2025 Dec 30:15385744251409962. doi: 10.1177/15385744251409962. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) is now the standard of care for management of aortic injury from trauma. Long term outcomes stratified by the severity of the aortic injury are limited.MethodsThis is a single center retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing TEVAR for trauma between January 2008-November 2023. Long term outcomes of mortality and re-intervention were stratified and compared based on the blunt thoracic aortic injury score. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to compute one year and 5-year survival.ResultsA total of 104 patients (age 42 ± 15 years; 72 males; 69%) underwent TEVAR for trauma. Most repairs were for grade 3 (59 patients, 57%) or grade 4 (30 patients, 29%) blunt aortic injuries. The remaining patients included grade 1 (1 patient, 1%), grade 2 (14 patients; 13%). Grade 4 injuries were not associated with higher rate of concomitant neurologic injuries (P = 0.33) or death (P = 0.74). Eighty-seven percent patients had a mean follow up of 4.2 ± 3.3 years. Two patients died due to aortic related causes within 30 days (intra-operative hemorrhage in one patient, graft collapse in one patient who had an unsuccessful exploratory thoracotomy). Overall, one year survival was 92%, and 5-year survival was 88% by Kaplan Meier analysis. Patients with neurologic injury trended toward higher mortality in Kaplan Meier analysis but this was not statistically significant (log rank = 0.22). The grade of injury was not significant for long term survival (log rank = 0.81). Early reintervention was required in 2% patients with none required in long-term. Age>40 (P = 0.17), female sex (P = 0.34) and graft diameter>26 mm (P = 0.41) were not significant for re-intervention. None of the patients experienced endoleaks or spinal cord ischemia.ConclusionsTEVAR is a durable repair for patients with BTAI requiring no re-intervention after one year follow-up. CT surveillance of TEVAR in setting of trauma should be limited to 1 and 5 years after surgery. Long term survival is not related to severity of BTAI.

PMID:41467402 | DOI:10.1177/15385744251409962