Nevin Manimala

Community Dent Health. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1922/CDH_00025Huang09. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Previous observational studies reported an association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), however, the potential causality of the association between them remains unclear.

METHODS: To explore this causal relationship in individuals of European descent, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DM was used to represent the exposure factor (T1DM: n = 24,840; T2DM: n = 215,654), and GWAS of OPC represented the outcome (n = 3,448).

RESULTS: Forty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to T1DM and fifty-four SNPs related to T2DM were identified as effective instrumental variables (IVs) in the two-sample MR analyses. In IVW estimates, neither T1DM nor T2DM significantly contributed to an increased risk of OPC [T1DM: OR 1.0322 (95% CI 0.9718, 1.0963), P = 0.3033; T2DM: OR 0.9998 (95% CI 0.9995, 1.0002), P = 0.2858]. Four other regression models produced similar results. MR-Egger regression results [Cochran’s Q statistic was 47.1544 (P = 0.1466) in T1DM, and 35.5084 (P = 0.9512) in T2DM] suggested no horizontal pleiotropy between IVs and outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest little evidence to support the genetic role of diabetes mellitus in OPC development in the European population.

PMID:37988677 | DOI:10.1922/CDH_00025Huang09

Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Nov 17;68:e230188. doi: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0188.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown a relationship between adipose tissue and coronary artery disease (CAD). The ABCA1 transporter regulates cellular cholesterol content and reverses cholesterol transport. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) R230C, C-17G, and C-69T and their expression in epicardial and mediastinal adipose tissue in Mexican patients with CAD.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 71 patients with CAD and a control group consisting of 64 patients who underwent heart valve replacement. SNPs were determined using TaqMan probes. mRNA was extracted using TriPure Isolation from epicardial and mediastinal adipose tissue. Quantification and expression analyses were done using RT-qPCR.

RESULTS: R230C showed a higher frequency of the GG genotype in the CAD group (70.4%) than the control group (57.8%) [OR 0.34, 95% CI (0.14-0.82) p = 0.014]. Similarly, C-17G (rs2740483) showed a statistically significant difference in the CC genotype in the CAD group (63.3%) in comparison to the controls (28.1%) [OR 4.42, 95% CI (2.13-9.16), p = 0.001]. mRNA expression in SNP R230C showed statistically significant overexpression in the AA genotype compared to the GG genotype in CAD patients [11.01 (4.31-15.24) vs. 3.86 (2.47-12.50), p = 0.015].

CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the GG genotype of R230C and CC genotype of C-17G are strongly associated with the development of CAD in Mexican patients. In addition, under-expression of mRNA in the GG genotype in R230C is associated with patients undergoing revascularization.

PMID:37988669 | DOI:10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0188

Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Nov 17;68:e220524. doi: 10.20945/2359-4292-2022-0524.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to evaluate retrospectively the effect of anastrozole on height gain and sex hormone levels in pubertal boys receiving growth hormone (GH).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pubertal boys who received both GH and anastrozole (GH+A) were one-to-one matched with boys who received only GH (GH-Only) for chronological and bone age, pubertal stage and height before the GH initiation, treatment duration and midparental height. Anthropometric measurements throughout treatment and adult heights were compared between the groups. Sex hormone levels were evaluated longitudinally in the GH+A group.

RESULTS: Forty-eight cases (24 in each group) were included. There was no statistical difference in adult height between the GH+A and GH-Only (p = 0.071). However, when the analysis was limited to those receiving anastrozole for at least 2 years, mean adult height was higher in the GH+A than in the GH-Only group (173.1 ± 6.2/169.8 ± 5.6 cm, p = 0.044). Despite similar growth rates between the two groups, bone age advancement was slower in the GH+A than in the GH-Only in a mean anastrozole treatment period of 1.59 years (1.37 ± 0.80/1.81 ± 0.98 years, p = 0.001). The greatest increase for FSH, LH, total and free testosterone and decrease for estradiol levels were observed in the third month after anastrozole was started, albeit remaining within the normal ranges according to the actual pubertal stages.

CONCLUSION: Using anastrozole with GH for at least 2 years decelerates the bone age advancement resulting in adult height gain with no abnormality in sex hormone levels. These results suggest anastrozole can be used as an additional treatment to GH for further height gain in pubertal boys.

PMID:37988665 | DOI:10.20945/2359-4292-2022-0524

J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2023 Nov 21:1-13. doi: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00079. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stimulus signal length on tongue and lip motion pattern stability in speakers diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to healthy controls.

METHOD: Electromagnetic articulography was used to derive articulatory motion patterns from individuals with mild (n = 27) and severe (n = 16) ALS and healthy controls (n = 25). The spatiotemporal index (STI) was used as a measure of articulatory stability. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate signal length effects on the STI: (a) the effect of the number of syllables on STI values and (b) increasing lengths of subcomponents of a single phrase. Two-way mixed analyses of variance were conducted to assess the effects of syllable length and group on the STI for the tongue tip (TT), tongue back (TB), and lower lip (LL).

RESULTS: Experiment 1 showed a significant main effect of syllable length (TT, p < .001; TB, p < .001; and LL, p < .001) and group (TT, p = .037; TB, p = .007; and LL, p = .017). TB and LL stability was generally higher with speech stimuli that included a greater number of syllables. Articulatory variability was significantly higher in speakers diagnosed with ALS compared to healthy controls. Experiment 2 showed a significant main effect of length (TT, p < .001; TB, p = .015; and LL, p < .001), providing additional support that STI values tend to be greater when calculated on longer speech signals.

CONCLUSIONS: Articulatory stability is influenced by the length of speech signals and manifests similarly in both healthy speakers and persons with ALS. TT stability may be significantly impacted by phonemic content due to greater movement flexibility. Compared to healthy controls, there was an increase in articulatory variability in those with ALS, which likely reflects deviations in speech motor control.

SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24463924.

PMID:37988653 | DOI:10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00079

Chaos. 2023 Nov 1;33(11):113129. doi: 10.1063/5.0163992.

ABSTRACT

Oscillatory networks subjected to noise are broadly used to model physical and technological systems. Due to their nonlinear coupling, such networks typically have multiple stable and unstable states that a network might visit due to noise. In this article, we focus on the assessment of fluctuations resulting from heterogeneous and spatially correlated noise inputs on Kuramoto model networks. We evaluate the typical, small fluctuations near synchronized states and connect the network variance to the overlap between stable modes of synchronization and the input noise covariance. Going beyond small to large fluctuations, we introduce the indicator mode approximation that projects the dynamics onto a single amplitude dimension. Such an approximation allows for estimating rates of fluctuations to saddle instabilities, resulting in phase slips between connected oscillators. Statistics for both regimes are quantified in terms of effective noise amplitudes that are compared and contrasted for several noise models. Bridging the gap between small and large fluctuations, we show that a larger network variance does not necessarily lead to higher rates of large fluctuations.

PMID:37988610 | DOI:10.1063/5.0163992

Chaos. 2023 Nov 1;33(11):113126. doi: 10.1063/5.0161889.

ABSTRACT

Deflation is an efficient numerical technique for identifying new branches of steady state solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations. Here, we demonstrate how to extend deflation to discover new periodic orbits in nonlinear dynamical lattices. We employ our extension to identify discrete breathers, which are generic exponentially localized, time-periodic solutions of such lattices. We compare different approaches to using deflation for periodic orbits, including ones based on Fourier decomposition of the solution, as well as ones based on the solution’s energy density profile. We demonstrate the ability of the method to obtain a wide variety of multibreather solutions without prior knowledge about their spatial profile.

PMID:37988609 | DOI:10.1063/5.0161889

Eur J Emerg Med. 2023 Nov 8. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000001102. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Lactate is an already recognized biomarker for short-term mortality. However, how glycemia and diabetes affect the predictive ability of lactate needs to be revealed.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how hypoglycemia, normoglycemia, and hyperglycemia modify the predictive ability of lactate for short-term mortality (3 days). The secondary objective was to evaluate the predictive ability of lactate in diabetic patients.

DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective, observational study performed between 26 October 2018 and 31 December 2022. Multicenter, EMS-delivery, ambulance-based study, considering 38 basic life support units and 5 advanced life support units referring to four tertiary care hospitals (Spain). Eligible patients were adults recruited from among all phone requests for emergency assistance who were later evacuated to emergency departments.

OUTCOMES MEASURE AND ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality from any cause within the third day following EMS attendance. The main predictors considered were lactate, blood glucose levels and previous diabetes.

MAIN RESULTS: A total of 6341 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 68 years (IQR: 51-80); 41.4% were female. The 3-day in-hospital mortality rate was 3.5%. The predictive capacity of lactate for 3-day mortality was only significantly different between normo-glycemia and hyperglycemia. The best predictive result was for normo-glycemia – AUC = 0.897 (95% CI: 0.881-0.913) – then hyperglycemia – AUC = 0.819 (95% CI: 0.770-0.868) and finally, hypoglycemia – AUC = 0.703 (95% CI: 0.422-0.983). The stratification according to diabetes presented no statistically significant difference, and the predictive results were AUC = 0.924 (95% CI: 0.892-0.956), AUC = 0.906 (95% CI: 0.884-0.928), and AUC = 0.872 (95% CI: 0.817-0.927) for nondiabetes, uncomplicated cases, and end-organ damage diabetes, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that glycemia, but not diabetes, alters the predictive ability of lactate. Therefore, hyperglycemia should be considered when interpreting lactate, since this could improve screening to detect cryptic shock conditions.

PMID:37988474 | DOI:10.1097/MEJ.0000000000001102

Int J Prosthodont. 2023 Nov 21;0(0):1-13. doi: 10.11607/ijp.8779. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of milling parameters on the durability during in-vitro aging-simulation, and fracture force of resin-based composite crowns.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Identical molar crowns (n=8 per group) were milled from resin-based composite crowns (Grandio, VOCO, Germany) with different processing speed (soft, normal, fast) or level of details (very high, high, low) form 98mm discs. To investigate the influence of cooling, one group was milled wet. The influence of polishing was tested in two groups. All crowns were adhesively bonded on standardized resin-based composite molars. Aging was performed with thermal cycling and mechanical loading (2x3000x5°C/55°C, 2min, H20 dist., 1.2×106 force 50N). Fracture forces were determined (v=1mm/min, Z010, Zwick, Germany).

STATISTICS: Pearson-correlation, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc-tests (α=0.05).

RESULTS: All crowns survived TCML without any failures. The fracture values varied between 1237.3 ± 326.7N and 3308.6 ± 655.8N. Significant (p<0.001) differences between the individual manufacturing approaches were detected. Failure was categorized as a fracture of the crown and partial loosening of the crown. No different failure pattern was observed between the tested systems.

CONCLUSION: A medium level of detail seems to be ideal to achieve highest fracture forces. No relationship existed between machining speed and fracture force. Fracture force was not affected by wet grinding. In individual cases, polishing reduced crown fracture values, due to reduced wall thickness.

PMID:37988433 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.8779

Int J Prosthodont. 2023 Nov 21;0(0):1-25. doi: 10.11607/ijp.8623. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Evaluating the facial esthetics of complete denture (CD) treatment using a 3D analysis of the lower third of the face before (T1) and after (T2) treatment by comparing and correlating measurements.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one edentulous patients were enrolled, and three-dimensional (3D) images were captured before (T1) and after (T2) CD delivery. Twelve landmarks were established in the face. Linear, angular, surface, and perimeter measurements were evaluated and compared with the paired t test. The delta (Δ) values (T2-T1) were assessed by the Spearman correlation to verify the associations between all measurements according to the facial parameters (α=.05).

RESULTS: Statistical differences were identified in the lower third of the face in the linear measurement Sn-Gn (P = 0.006), the angular measure Tright-Pg-Tleft (P = 0.004), and at the surface of the lower third of the face (P = 0.001). All measurements were statistically different in the labial protrusion area: the nasolabial angle (Prn-Sn-Ls), the surface, and the perimeter (P = 0.001). In the lip evaluation, statistical differences were observed in the linear (Ls-Li), surface, and perimeter measurements (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The facial esthetic proportions of the linear and perimeter measurements increased, and the angles of sealed lips and nasolabial and lower facial convexity decreased after CD delivery. The present study showed a clinical important correlation between linear and angular measurements that should help restore facial esthetics, providing metrics that can aid the clinician in facial composition.

PMID:37988431 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.8623

Int J Prosthodont. 2023 Nov 21;0(0):1-33. doi: 10.11607/ijp.8691. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of biological and technical/mechanical complications in edentate elders rehabilitated with complete removable dental prostheses (CDs) and overdentures [tooth-retained (ODs), implant-retained (IODs)].

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient records of adults (>60y) rehabilitated with CDs, ODs, and IODs were included. Demographic information (age, sex), information on the prostheses type, number/type of biological/prosthetic complications, along with the number/time of the complications, were extracted.Kaplan-Meier model was used for the statistical analyses.

RESULTS: 162 patients (mean age: 74.5±9.45y; prostheses: n=224, CD=172; OD=21; IOD=31) were included. The average period of function in situ was 19.70±27.66, 32.72±27.84, and 31.73±32.67 months, for the CDs, ODs, and IODs, respectively. 5 prostheses failed. Survival analysis revealed an overall survival rate (SR) of 97.8%, with individual five-year cumulative survival probability of 96.1% for CDs, 94.1% for ODs, and 100.0% for IODs. There were no significant survival differences between maxillary and mandibular prostheses within each type of rehabilitation. In the maxilla, no significant differences were found in maintenance visit times due to prosthodontic complications among the different types of prostheses. Patients with mandibular CDs required maintenance visits earlier compared to mandibular ODs (p<0.001) and IODs (p<0.001). Patients with mandibular ODs also required maintenance visits earlier than those with mandibular IODs (p=0.005).

CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation of the edentate jaws, whether with CDs, ODs, or IODs, is a predictable treatment modality with high survival rates. Differences in maintenance visit times were observed, with CDs and ODs in the mandible requiring earlier visits compared to IODs.

PMID:37988428 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.8691