Nevin Manimala

Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev. 2024 Jul 22;22:200314. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200314. eCollection 2024 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adherence to recommendations regarding medical treatment and healthy behaviour serve as a significant challenge for patients experiencing a cardiac event. Optimizing the patients’ health literacy (HL) may be crucial to meet this challenge and has gained increased focus the last decade. Despite cardiac rehabilitation (CR) being a central part of the treatment of patients experiencing a cardiac event, such programs have not been evaluated regarding HL. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and evaluate HL in patients participating in CR.

METHODS: A prospective cohort study with pre-post-test design of patients participating in CR. Data were collected at program admission and completion (August 2017-June 2018). Patients from three different CR-programs were included. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to describe and evaluate HL and change in HL across categories of demographical variables and type of rehabilitation.

RESULTS: In total, 113 patients attending CR were included. A statistically significant increase in HL was observed from pre-to post-CR (mean change: 2.24 ± 3.68 (p < 0.001)). Patients attending 12-weeks outpatients CR-program had statistically significant higher HL, both at pre- and post-CR, compared to those attending one-week residential CR.

CONCLUSIONS: Participation in CR statistically significantly improves HL. Overall, judging health information was found as the most difficult aspect of HL, both at pre- and post-CR. This should be emphasized in secondary prevention to overcome barriers related to adherence to medical treatment and healthy behaviour.

PMID:39161973 | PMC:PMC11331702 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200314

PeerJ. 2024 Aug 16;12:e17910. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17910. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Research on food addiction has increased significantly in recent years. It has been demonstrated that food addiction can lead to impairments in physiological, psychological, and social functioning in individuals. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the influence of how individuals handle social situations on food addiction and the specific mechanisms involved.

METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,151 university students, with a mean age of 21.44 (SD = 4.77) years. The sample comprised 74.46% female and 25.54% male students. Participants completed the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, the Expressive Suppression Scale, and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and the Process (Version 3.4) plug-in.

RESULT: The results of the study supported our hypothesis that the association between social physique anxiety and food addiction symptoms could be partially explained by expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress. This association remained significant even after adjusting for covariates such as gender, number of cigarettes smoked per day, bedtime, education, and BMI. Specifically, more severe social physique anxiety was found to be associated with frequent use of expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress, which in turn was associated with more severe food addiction symptoms.

CONCLUSION: This study explored the role of expression suppression and social avoidance and distress in the relationship between social physique anxiety and food addiction symptoms. The findings provide a theoretical basis for developing interventions for food addiction in college students. These interventions could include helping students develop a healthy perception of body image, encouraging emotional expression, and promoting active social participation to reduce food addiction symptoms.

PMID:39161967 | PMC:PMC11332389 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.17910

Biomed Rep. 2024 Jul 31;21(4):139. doi: 10.3892/br.2024.1827. eCollection 2024 Oct.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present systematic review was to compare three ridge augmentation procedures in order to assist clinicians in finding the ideal surgical method relative to the horizontal bone gain needed and the width of the alveolar ridge available. An electronic and hand literature search was performed in the online databases PubMed-Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register and Web of Science, and various specialized journals, between January 2017 and December 2022. The included studies were evaluated using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies score and Cochrane’s RoB tool. The primary variable studied in the meta-analysis was the final bone gain. The implant survival rate and initial ridge width were the secondary variables. Then four studies on ridge expansion via osseodensification (OD), seven on guided bone regeneration (GBR) and seven on the ridge-split technique (RS) were included in the review; 17 out of 18 were selected for meta-analysis. The mean horizontal bone gain for OD was 2.151 mm [1.327-2.975 mm; 95% confidence interval (CI)], for GBR was 4.036 mm (3.351-4.772 mm 95%CI) and for RS was 3.661 mm (2.991-4.399 mm 95%CI). The results were statistically significant (P=0.002). GBR reported the most bone gain horizontally, followed closely by RS and then OD. OD is a recent technique that should be taken into account when discussing the protocols of horizontally atrophied ridge rehabilitation.

PMID:39161939 | PMC:PMC11332117 | DOI:10.3892/br.2024.1827

JB JS Open Access. 2024 Aug 19;9(3):e24.00015. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00015. eCollection 2024 Jul-Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Accurate radiographic assessment is pivotal in evaluating trauma patients with suspected pelvic ring disruptions. The conventional approach of using anteroposterior, 45° inlet, and 45° outlet radiographs for the evaluation of pelvic injury may not consistently align with varying lumbopelvic anatomy. This study aimed to determine the ideal pelvic inlet and outlet radiographic angles when there is limited access to advanced imaging (e.g., computed tomography [CT]) for assessing clinically relevant pelvic osseous landmarks and to investigate variations based on age, sex, and sacral dysmorphism.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study investigated patients who were ≥18 years of age who had no traumatic injuries or pelvic ring pathology; we reviewed abdominopelvic CT scans that were obtained between January 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023. Midsagittal reconstruction and 3D rendering of 148 CT scans facilitated the measurement of pelvic inlet and outlet angles. Standard techniques that were based on previous studies were used to determine the ideal angles. Statistical analyses investigated mean pelvic inlet and outlet angles as well as correlations with age, sex, and sacral dysmorphism.

RESULTS: The mean pelvic inlet angle was 23.8° ± 8.4° (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.4° to 25.2°), and the mean outlet angle was 40.1° ± 5.9° (95% CI: 39.2° to 41.1°). Male patients exhibited greater inlet angles (27° versus 20°), whereas female patients had greater outlet angles (41° versus 39°). Pelves with dysmorphism showed a 3.6° increase in outlet angles when compared with those with normal sacral anatomy. An inverse relationship between age and inlet angle was observed.

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that the recommended 45° angle for pelvic inlet and outlet views may not optimally align with the anatomy of the Ethiopian population. The findings suggest that the ideal inlet and outlet angles for this population are 25° and 40°, respectively. Understanding these variations is crucial for optimizing pelvic radiographic views in trauma evaluation, potentially leading to more accurate assessments and improved patient care in this demographic.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

PMID:39161932 | PMC:PMC11328984 | DOI:10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00015

JB JS Open Access. 2024 Aug 19;9(3):e23.00158. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.23.00158. eCollection 2024 Jul-Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The current literature shows similar clinical outcomes between first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis and synthetic cartilage implant (SCI) hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of hallux rigidus; however, prior studies have not reported validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare PROMs using 6 domains of the validated Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) in patients treated for hallux rigidus with MTP joint arthrodesis and with SCI hemiarthroplasty. In addition, this novel study provides comparative data on the complication and revision rates for each procedure.

METHODS: A single-center, retrospective registry search identified all patients with preoperative PROMIS scores who underwent MTP joint arthrodesis or SCI hemiarthroplasty for hallux rigidus between February 2016 and June 2021. The study aimed to determine if the 2 procedures showed statistically or clinically equivalent PROMIS scores in 6 domains: physical function, pain interference, pain intensity, global physical health, global mental health, and depression. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to compare adjusted 1-year postoperative PROMIS scores between the 2 cohorts. Complication and revision rates were also compared.

RESULTS: The study included 82 patients who underwent SCI hemiarthroplasty and 101 who underwent MTP joint arthrodesis. Demographic data and preoperative hallux rigidus severity showed no significant differences between the cohorts. PROMIS scores were mostly comparable between the 2 groups, except for the pain intensity domain. The patients who underwent MTP joint arthrodesis exhibited significantly better pain relief at 1 and 2 years postoperatively, which was supported by adjusted postoperative PROMIS scores. At 2 years, the SCI group had worse pain intensity scores and lower global physical health scores. There were no differences between the cohorts in additional PROMIS scores or complication data.

CONCLUSIONS: While outcomes in most of the domains were similar, MTP joint arthrodesis was more effective at mitigating pain intensity compared with SCI hemiarthroplasty. This information can guide patient counseling and decision-making when considering surgical intervention for hallux rigidus.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

PMID:39161931 | PMC:PMC11328988 | DOI:10.2106/JBJS.OA.23.00158

JPRAS Open. 2024 Jun 4;41:285-294. doi: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.05.007. eCollection 2024 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lipoedema is a painful adipose tissue disorder, affecting the limbs of women, that is resistant to diet and exercise. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the retrospective health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes for patients with lower limb lipoedema (LLL) following tumescent liposuction (TL).

METHODS: Forty-seven patients received TL over 5 years from 2015-2020 for LLL. As part of their routine treatment evaluation, each patient completed 4 validated HRQoL questionnaires at initial assessment. The questionnaires examined the patients’ experiences relating to anxiety and depression, lower extremity function, appearance, and symptoms. The same questionnaires were posted to the patients after an average of 12 months post-procedure/s to establish the outcomes of the intervention.

RESULTS: The study demonstrated that patients’ HRQoL improved at 12 months (average) following TL. The results of all the questionnaires were statistically significant, and patients with stage 3 LLL showed the most improvement in outcomes.

CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrated that TL achieves positive HRQoL outcomes in patients with LLL; however, long-term follow-up is needed to determine if the benefits sustain. Additionally, larger prospective controlled studies are required to provide robust evidence for this procedure.

PMID:39161914 | PMC:PMC11332691 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpra.2024.05.007

Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 5;11:1410543. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1410543. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent significant concerns in global health. However, the precise relationship between H. pylori and NAFLD remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study endeavors to elucidate the association between H. pylori infection and the susceptibility to NAFLD. Furthermore, we aim to investigate the interplay among H. pylori infection, NAFLD, and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

METHODS: We conducted an extensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases spanning from inception to January 2024. Our examination focused on rigorous studies investigating the correlation between H. pylori infection and NAFLD. Utilizing a random-effects model, we computed the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, we assessed statistical heterogeneity, performed sensitivity analyses, and scrutinized the potential for publication bias.

RESULTS: Thirty-four studies involving 175,575 individuals were included in our meta-analysis. Among these, 14 studies (involving 94,950 patients) demonstrated a higher incidence of NAFLD in H. pylori infection-positive individuals compared to H. pylori infection-negative individuals [RR = 1.17, 95% CI (1.10, 1.24), Z = 4.897, P < 0.001]. Seventeen studies (involving 74,928 patients) indicated a higher positive rate of H. pylori infection in patients with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD [RR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.02, 1.24), Z = 2.395, P = 0.017]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and funnel plot analysis revealed no significant publication bias. Furthermore, we observed associations between H. pylori infection or NAFLD and various metabolic factors, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids, liver function, and kidney function.

CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis presents evidence supporting a reciprocal relationship between H. pylori infection and the susceptibility to NAFLD. Nevertheless, additional investigations are warranted to bolster this correlation and unravel the underlying mechanisms involved.

PMID:39161913 | PMC:PMC11332609 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1410543

Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 5;11:1390668. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1390668. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Studies on the baseline vitamin D levels in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients before medication are scarce. This study assessed the vitamin D status of a population with OI at both the overall level and within different age groups. It correlated baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with other bone-related factors, biochemical markers, and bone density.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected 25(OH)D levels from 95 OI patients in East China (59 under 18 years old and 36 over 18 years old). Postmenopausal women and men over 50 years old are excluded. Measurements included body indicators, biochemical markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.

RESULTS: In the overall population, among those under 18 years old, and among those over 18 years old, 87.4, 83.1, and 94.4%, respectively, were vitamin D deficient (<30 ng/mL), while 47.4, 40.7, and 58.3% had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), respectively. In the overall population and among those under 18 years old, serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with age and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and 25(OH)D levels (<10 ng/mL, 10-20 ng/mL, 20-30 ng/mL, >30 ng/mL) showed a negative correlation with BMI. In OI patients under 18 years old, serum 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with serum β-CTX levels. In adult male OI population, 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with OI severity (Type I, IV, III). No statistically significant correlation was found between 25(OH)D levels and BMD Z-scores.

CONCLUSION: This study on OI in East China reveals significant vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in baseline levels among pediatric, adolescent and adult OI patients. It assesses the correlation of 25(OH)D levels with various influencing factors, providing crucial insights into understanding the impact of OI on vitamin D status across different age groups and aiding in better clinical management of OI patients.

PMID:39161912 | PMC:PMC11333034 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1390668

Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 5;11:1359697. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1359697. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed the conflicting associations between circulating micronutrient levels and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, we aimed to clarify the causal association between circulating micronutrient levels and the risk of SLE by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

METHODS: 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with 14 circulating micronutrients (vitamin A, B6, B9, B12, C, D and E, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and selenium) in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used as instrumental variables (IVs). And summary statistics related to SLE were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database. We used the MR Steiger test to estimate the possible causal direction between circulating micronutrients and SLE. In the MR analysis, inverse variance weighting (IVW) method and the Wald ratio was as the main methods., Moreover, the MR-Pleiotropy residuals and outliers method (MR-PRESSO), Cochrane’s Q-test, MR-Egger intercept method and leave-one-out analyses were applied as sensitivity analyses. Additionally, we conducted a retrospective analysis involving the 20,045 participants from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III). Weight variables were provided in the NHANES data files. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between circulating micronutrients and SLE.

RESULTS: The MR estimates obtained from the IVW method revealed potential negative correlations between circulating calcium (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.49, P = 0.009), iron levels (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43-0.92, P = 0.016) and the risk of SLE. The results remained robust, even under various pairs of sensitivity analyses. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that the levels of vitamin D, serum total calcium, and serum iron were significantly lower in SLE patients (N = 40) when compared to the control group (N = 20,005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further established that increased levels of vitamin D and serum total calcium served as protective factors against SLE.

CONCLUSION: Our results provided genetic evidence supporting the potential protective role of increasing circulating calcium in the risk of SLE. Maintaining adequate levels of calcium may help reduce the risk of SLE.

PMID:39161911 | PMC:PMC11333035 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1359697

Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 5;11:1401581. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1401581. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Food waste (FW) represents a significant social and environmental problem, with 1.3 billion tons of food wasted yearly worldwide. Even if consumers are increasingly aware of the phenomenon, it remains relevant, and understanding the behaviors of specific target audience segments appears instrumental to the planning of effective interventions. To this end, we designed an observational study to investigate, throughout an online questionnaire, FW-related habits of university students in a Southern Italian region.

METHODS: A representative sample of 431 students from the University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia completed an online survey aimed at investigate FW related behaviors. A descriptive analysis was performed on the whole cohort, and a formal statistical analysis was carried out after excluding responders who had not correctly followed the survey instructions (n = 85). Differences were assessed by chi square (χ ²) tests. A food wasting score was generated, and differences in the score values were analyzed by Student T-test. Linear and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors contributing to the score.

RESULTS: Overall, the results of our survey show a high prevalence of virtuous behaviors in the food purchasing phase; while, at home, less than 50% of respondents apply easy-to-implement waste prevention rules. The statistical analysis showed that the major determinants of FW were: no direct involvement in grocery shopping and male gender. Indeed, even if we observed several significant differences comparing subgroups based on established or putative determinants of FW behaviors, none survived matching for group size, gender and relevant food managing (shopping, storing, cooking) habits. The only exception was the more appropriate handling of “use by” products by respondents who received structured nutrition teaching, as opposed to students whose academic courses do not include this subject (adjusted p = 0.008).

CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that young adults are trying to implement strategies to reduce FW, even if there is room for improvement, particularly in the storage phase. Extending nutrition education to all university programs may be helpful in reaching this goal.

PMID:39161909 | PMC:PMC11333036 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1401581