Nevin Manimala

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):422-426. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_708_22. Epub 2024 Feb 16.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The bond strength of an endodontic sealer to the root dentin is an important factor in maintaining the integrity of the root canal seal. The present study aimed to assess the push-out bond strength of three endodontic sealers used with the single-cone obturation technique.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The root canals of 40 central maxillary incisors were instrumented using ProTaper Universal NiTi rotary files. The roots were divided into 4 groups (N = 10) according to the type of root canal sealers: Group 1 (control group): AH Plus/Gutta-percha lateral condensation technique (LC); Group 2: AH Plus/Gutta-percha single-cone technique (SC); Group 3: GuttaFlow 2/SC; Group 4: Realseal SE/SC. After obturation, each tooth was prepared for push-out assessment. The total and sectional push-out bond strengths were measured and statistically analysed. Furthermore, failure modes were identified microscopically.

RESULTS: The results indicated that samples in the first group showed the highest total and sectional bond strengths. Samples from other groups showed statistically similar total bond strengths. The highest sectional bond strength was found mainly in the apical root sections. Cohesive failure was predominant for the first group, whereas adhesive failure was predominant in the other groups.

CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that the dentin bond strengths of the tested sealers used with the single-cone technique were nearly similar but lower than those of AH Plus/LC. The highest sectional bond strength was observed in the apical thirds. The failure mode was mostly cohesive for AH Plus/LC and adhesive for sealers used with the single-cone obturation technique.

PMID:38739825 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_708_22

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):417-421. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_538_23. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The role of platelet parameters as markers of inflammation in various diseases is now in limelight. The interaction between cancer cells and platelets is a well-established phenomenon. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant disorder with a malignant transformation rate of 2-8%. This study aimed to evaluate platelet parameters in OSMF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the background of OSMF. This cross-sectional study was performed using secondary data retrieved between January 2019 and December 2019 in the Department of Oral Pathology and the Hematology Laboratory.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: The data retrieved included 44 histopathologically proven OSCC in a background of OSMF (group III) and 36 OSMF (group II). The haematological parameters of these selected cases were retrieved from the Sysmex XN-1000 automated hematology analyser database. A control group (group I) comprises 50 subjects with normal (negative/unflagged) haematological parameters. All data were statistically analysed using SPSS 20.0. The significance level of tests was set at 5%.

RESULTS: The mean platelet volume (MPV) (9.60 [±0.95] P < 0.001), platelet distribution width (PDW) (10.45 [±1.9], P < 0.001), platelet large cell ratio (PLCR) (21.70 [±7.98], P < 0.001), and the ratio of mean platelet volume to total platelet count (MPV/PLT) (0.03 [0.01], P < 0.001) were lower in group III when compared to the other two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Platelet parameters may be used as indices in the OSCC in the background of OSMF. However, large-scale prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the utility of these parameters during the malignant transformation of OSMF, thereby encouraging prompt treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality.

PMID:38739824 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_538_23

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):410-412. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_1142_21. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The rise in awareness programs with regard to the maintenance of oral hygiene in children with diabetes has led to a hypothetical question if children with juvenile diabetes are still under the risk of developing dental caries and having poor oral hygiene.

AIM: To compare the oral hygiene status of the children with and without juvenile diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was conducted as age and sex matched case-control study. Sixty-six children diagnosed with juvenile diabetes were compared with the age and sex matched 66 healthy controls with respect to the oral hygiene index, gingival index and DMFT/def index. Mean of the obtained scores of the variables were compared between the groups using Mann-Whitney test with significance level set at 5%.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No statistically significant differences were noted in the gingival condition and dental caries experience between the children with and without juvenile diabetes (P = 0.820; 0.504; 0.422). However, the overall oral hygiene status was found to be poor in children with juvenile diabetes (P = 0.003). No significant differences were observed in the gingival status and the dental caries prevalence between the two groups.

PMID:38739822 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_1142_21

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):401-404. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_293_22. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a chemical mouthwash that has been considered the gold standard, but has its drawbacks. When used for a longer duration, it produces taste alteration and staining on the tooth surfaces. Nowadays, herbal extracts from plants have been widely used as they possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic actions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 45 healthy subjects in the age group of 19-35 years were selected and randomly divided into three groups, Group A – Himalaya complete care mouthwash, Group B – CHX mouthwash, Group C – Distilled water as a control group. Gingival index and plaque index, OHI-s index, and Ainamo and Bay index for bleeding were recorded. Subjects received complete supragingival scaling at baseline and were instructed to use 10 ml of mouthwashes twice a day in their group. Variables were again recorded on the seventh and 14th day after the use of mouthwashes, and data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Posthoc and ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: It was found that both CHX and herbal mouthwash proved to be more effective than placebo in maintaining gingival health. There was no significant difference between the test group on gingival health.

CONCLUSION: Herbal mouthwash is an effective alternative to CHX mouthwash, in the light of the reported side effects of CHX mouthwash.

PMID:38739820 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_293_22

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):396-400. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_191_23. Epub 2024 Feb 16.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare and evaluate the occlusal variability/discrepancy recorded using qualitative (articulating paper) and quantitative (T-scan) techniques in partially edentulous implant-supported restorations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients in the age group of 25-61 yrs participated in this study. All the patients had more than one tooth replaced with implant-supported prosthesis. After three months of restoration, occlusion reevaluated was carried out using qualitative (articulating paper) and quantitative (T-scan). T-scan data were used to measure implant occlusion time, occlusion time, and the relative occlusal force (ROFs) on implant prosthesis. And the data were statistically evaluated.

RESULTS: The T-scan values showed high points on the implants in most of the patients, which could not be evaluated by that of articulating paper outcomes.

CONCLUSION: The occlusal harmony achieved from using qualitative analysis of articulating paper was not supported by the finding of the quantitative analysis (T-scan). Also the T-scan provided the time interval of occlusion of the implant-supported restorations, which would help in better defining the implant-protected occlusal.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The T-scan occlusal analysis system provides ROF and time intervals of occlusal contact. This allows accurate occlusal equilibration of implant-supported restoration according to implant protected occlusal concept.

PMID:38739819 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_191_23

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):387-390. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_731_22. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Maxillofacial skeleton is the most vulnerable site for trauma due to its prominence. The aim of our study was to analyse the cause and pattern of maxillofacial injuries & to correlate the aetiology and pattern of facial injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study includes 304 patients with facial trauma, who reported to our institute within a time span of 2 years. Data were collected on basis of sociodemographic status plus additional data obtained on type of injury, aetiology, location and status of the victim.

RESULT: The most frequent cause of maxillofacial trauma (MFT) was fall (43.3%) followed by RTA (34.2%) and assault (15.1%). In upper 3rd face region frontal bone fracture was prevalent with 1.3%, while in the midface, zygomatic complex (ZMC) fracture (3.9%) and in lower 3rd part of face, mandible fracture (42.8%) and dentoalveolar fracture (30.2%). Mandible was the most prevalent site for trauma. Although fall was the main aetiological factor in our study, midfacial injuries were mainly due to assault and RTA. Combination of mandibular fracture and soft tissue injury were mainly seen in RTA and injury due to fall. Conservative management was mainly employed for treatment with 46.1% followed by ORIF with 36.2%.

CONCLUSION: Changing trend in aetiology of MFT was noted. Furthermore, study should be conducted for better understanding, and to carry out preventive measure for the same.

PMID:38739817 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_731_22

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):381-386. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_186_21. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Realistic and tailored dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. An appropriate diet analysis forms the basis for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing a meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, very few tools are available for clinicians to assess children’s diet relating to caries risk. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child’s diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in the prevention of dental caries.

METHODS: Multi-disciplinary teams with a sample study population were involved in the initial structuring of Diet’s Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index. To obtain cut-off values for cariogenicity of diet, a study was carried out with a sample of 774 children correlating diet diary with caries status. For statistics, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied.

RESULTS: ROC curve of 22.5 were plotted for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet’s Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child’s diet objectively to guide the professional to achieve a logical diet modification.

PMID:38739816 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_186_21

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):375-380. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_2_23. Epub 2024 Feb 8.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Exogenous application of direct current (DC) on piezoelectric biopolymers results in biochemical modifications in the intracellular/extracellular regions which profoundly affects the pace of bone turnover. A qualitative examination of DC (waveform and frequency) provides ideal qualities of current.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: 20 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly selected and divided into control (group 1-4 rats) with orthodontic appliance (OA) and experimental groups (OA + Micro-current (MC). Experimental groups were subdivided into four groups (group 2-20 μA/5 sec, 3-20 μA/10 sec, 4-15 μA/5 sec, 5-15 μA/10 sec with four rats in each). The tooth movement was recorded every 24th hours for 7 days. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, 3rd day and 168 hrs with the absorbent paper points at specific location around the tooth in control and experiment groups. Histopathological analysis was done on 168 hrs to assess the osteoclastic activity around the root. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration was accessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s posthoc test.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in tooth movement, group 3 (20 μA/10 sec) showed an increased rate of tooth movement on the 168 hrs. The level of IL-6 was maximum on 72 hrs in experimental group 3.

CONCLUSION: The study showed time interval/frequency, the waveform, and the amount of current play a significant role in determining bone turnover and rate of tooth movement.

PMID:38739815 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_2_23

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):371-374. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_970_22. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Gender determination is pivotal in establishing a biological profile of human remains, where fragments of the skull persist with unidentifiable dental arch data. Owing to the resistance and stability against external factors such as trauma and fractures, radiological assessment of the frontal sinus can be a useful indicator for sexual dimorphism. Keeping this in mind, a study was designed to analyse the efficacy of morphometric assessment of the frontal sinus for gender determination in the North Indian population.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 300 (150 males and 150 females) lateral cephalograms of the age >20 years were retrieved. The frontal sinus index (ratio of maximum height to depth), area, and perimeter of the same were calculated using Adobe Photoshop software. The results obtained were further subjected to statistical analysis.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The study yielded an accuracy rate of 75.3% for sex differentiation. The frontal sinus perimeter was a novel parameter which was utilised as a variable in the obtained discriminant equation for sex differentiation. Thus, this cost-effective technique might be useful as an adjunct to assess sexual dimorphism.

PMID:38739814 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_970_22

Indian J Dent Res. 2023 Oct 1;34(4):365-370. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_313_23. Epub 2024 Apr 19.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies comparing the clinical performance of titanium zirconium (Ti-Zr) and titanium (Ti) dental implants subjected to immediate loading in the posterior mandibular region where occlusal forces are higher are sparse in the current literature. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of Ti-Zr and Ti dental implants under immediate functional loading in the mandibular posterior region.

METHODS: Forty participants fulfilling the predetermined selection criteria were randomly grouped based on dental implant used; Titanium zirconium (Ti-Zr):20, and Titanium (Ti):20. Dental implants were placed through a standard full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap approach and loaded immediately fulfilling the principle of implant protective occlusion. Clinical parameters including crestal bone loss (CBL), modified plaque index (MPI), probing depth (PD) and modified sulcular bleeding index (MSBI) were measured at baseline and follow-up visits (4, 8, and 12 months). Obtained data were compared with standard tests such as the t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS: On intergroup comparison, CBL was more in the Ti-Zr group as compared to the Ti group at 4 months (0.72 ± 0.16 mm versus 0.70 ± 0.13 mm), but it was less at 8 months (1.08 ± 0.16 mm versus 1.13 ± 0.13 mm) and 12 months (1.19 ± 0.17 mm versus 1.24 ± 0.12 mm) but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Mann-Whitney test also revealed no statistically significant difference in MPI, PD and MSBI at 4 months, 8 months and 12 months recall (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: CBL and periodontal parameters of Ti-Zr dental implants were found similar to Ti dental implants under immediate loading in the posterior mandibular region. However, further studies are needed to determine its long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

PMID:38739813 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_313_23