Nevin Manimala

Discov Oncol. 2023 Aug 25;14(1):155. doi: 10.1007/s12672-023-00777-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cellular senescence is growing in popularity in cancer. A dual function is played by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that senescent cells produce in the development of pro-inflammatory niches, tissue regeneration or destruction, senescence propagation, and malignant transformation. In this study, we conducted thorough bioinformatic analysis and meta-analysis to discover detrimental and beneficial subtypes and prognostic index for prostate cancer (PCa) patients using the experimentally confirmed SASP genes.

METHODS: We identified differentially expressed and prognosis-related SASP genes and used them to construct two molecular subtypes and risk score. Another two external cohorts were used to confirm the prognostic effect of the above subtypes and risk score and meta-analysis was further conducted. Additionally, functional analysis, tumor stemness and heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment were also evaluated. We completed analyses using software R 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Meta-analysis was performed by software Stata 14.0.

RESULTS: Through multivariate Cox regression analysis and consensus clustering analysis, we used VGF, IGFBP3 and ANG to establish detrimental and beneficial subtypes in the TCGA cohort, which was validated through other two independent cohorts. Meta-analysis showed that detrimental SASP group had significantly higher risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) than beneficial SASP group (HR: 2.48). Moreover, we also constructed and validated risk score based on these genes to better guide clinical practice. DNA repair, MYC target, oxidative phosphorylation, proteasome and ribosome were highly enriched in detrimental SASP group. Detrimental SASP group had significantly higher levels of B cells, CD8+ T cells, homologous recombination deficiency, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, purity, tumor mutation burden, mRNAsi, differentially methylated probes and epigenetically regulated RNA expression than beneficial SASP group. The top mutation genes between detrimental and beneficial SASP groups were SPOP, FOXA1, KMT2C, APC, BSN, DNAH17, MYH6, EPPK1, ZNF536 and ZC3H13 with statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS: From perspective of SASP, we found detrimental and beneficial tumor subtypes which were closely associated with BCR-free survival for PCa patients, which might be important for the furture research in the field of PCa.

PMID:37624511 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-023-00777-1

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29419-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, attention has been focused on the benefit of greenspace on mental health, and it is suggested this link may vary with the type of greenspace. More and more studies have emphasized the influence of the gut microbiome on schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the effects of greenspaces on the gut microbiota in SCZ and the effect of different types of greenspaces on the gut microbiota remain unclear. We aim to examine if there were variations in the effects of various greenspace types on the gut microbiome in SCZ. Besides, we sink to explore important taxonomic compositions associated with different greenspace types. We recruited 243 objects with schizophrenia from Anhui Mental Health Center and collected fecal samples for 16Sr RNA gene sequencing. Three types of greenery coverage were calculated with different circular buffers (800, 1500, and 3000 m) corresponding to individual addresses. The association between greenspace and microbiome composition was analyzed with permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). We conducted the linear regression to capture specific gut microbiome taxa associated with greenery coverage. Tree coverage was consistently associated with microbial composition in both 1500 m (R² = 0.007, P = 0.030) and 3000 m (R² = 0.007, P = 0.039). In contrast, there was no association with grass cover in any of the buffer zones. In the regression analysis, higher tree coverage was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of several taxa. Among them, tree coverage was positively associated with increased Bifidobacterium longum (β = 1.069, P = 0.004), which was the dominant composition in the gut microbiota. The relationship between greenspace and gut microbiome in SCZ differed by the type of greenspace. Besides, “tree coverage” may present a dominant effect on the important taxonomic composition. Our findings might provide instructive evidence for the design of urban greenspace to optimize health and well-being in SCZ as well as the whole people.

PMID:37624502 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-023-29419-3

J Robot Surg. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s11701-023-01698-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Robotic-assisted breast surgery (RABS) is controversial. We systematically reviewed the evidence about RABS, comparing it to open conventional breast surgery (CBS). Following prospective registration (osf.io/97ewt), a search was performed in January 2023, without time or language restrictions, through bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Trip database and CDSR) and grey literature. Quality was assessed in duplicate using Qualsyst criteria (score range 0.0-1.0); reviewer agreement was 98%. The 16 selected studies (total patients: 334,804) had overall high quality (mean score 0.82; range 0.68-0.91). Nine of 16 (56.3%) were cohort studies, 2/16 (12.5%) RCTs, and 5/16 (31.3%) case-control studies. Taking p < 0.05 as the significance threshold, RABS versus CBS was better in aesthetic results and patient satisfaction (10/11 studies; 90%), was surgically costly (4/4 studies; 100%), time-consuming (9/13 studies; 69%), and less painful in the first 6-24 h (2/2 studies; 100%) and without statistically significant differences in complication rates (10/12 studies; 83%) or short-term oncological outcomes (10/10 studies; 100%). Surgical time could be dramatically reduced by training surgical teams, reaching no significant differences between approaches (p = 0.120). RABS was shown to be feasible and safe. The advantages of RABS and long-term outcomes need further research.

PMID:37624486 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-023-01698-5

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s00127-023-02553-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To examine within-individual time trends in mental well-being and factors influencing heterogeneity of these trends.

METHODS: Longitudinal telephone survey of adults over 3 waves from the New York City (NYC) Metropolitan area during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Participants reported depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8, anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and past 30-day increases in tobacco or alcohol use at each wave. Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression models assessed time trends in mental well-being.

RESULTS: There were 1227 respondents. Over 3 study waves, there were statistically significant decreasing time trends in the odds of each outcome (adjusted OR (95% CI) 0.47 (0.37, 0.60); p < 0.001 for depression; aOR (95% CI) 0.55 (0.45, 0.66); p < 0.001 for anxiety; aOR (95% CI) 0.50 (0.35, 0.71); p < 0.001 for past 30-day increased tobacco use; aOR (95% CI) 0.31 (0.24, 0.40); p < 0.001 for past 30-day increased alcohol use). Time trends for anxiety varied by race and ethnicity (p value for interaction = 0.05, 4 df); anxiety declined over time among white, Black, Hispanic, and Other race and ethnicity but not among Asian participants.

CONCLUSIONS: In a demographically varied population from the NYC Metropolitan area, depression, anxiety and increased substance use were common during the first months of the pandemic, but decreased over the following year. While this was consistently the case across most demographic groups, the odds of anxiety among Asian participants did not decrease over time.

PMID:37624465 | DOI:10.1007/s00127-023-02553-6

Eur Spine J. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-07902-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the recent 10-year trends in cervical laminoplasty and 30-day postoperative complications.

METHODS: This retrospective multi-institutional cohort study enrolled patients who underwent laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The primary outcome was the occurrence of all-cause 30-day complications. Trends were investigated and compared in the early (2008-2012) and late (2013-2017) periods.

RESULTS: Among 1095 patients (mean age, 66 years; 762 [70%] male), 542 and 553 patients were treated in the early and late periods, respectively. In the late period, patients were older at surgery (65 years vs. 68 years), there were more males (66% vs. 73%), and open-door laminoplasty (50% vs. 69%) was the preferred procedure, while %CSM (77% vs. 78%) and the perioperative JOA scores were similar to the early period. During the study period, the rate of preservation of the posterior muscle-ligament complex attached to the C2/C7-spinous process (C2, 89% vs. 93%; C7, 62% vs. 85%) increased and the number of laminoplasty levels (3.7 vs. 3.1) decreased. While the 30-day complication rate remained stable (3.9% vs. 3.4%), C5 palsy tended to decrease (2.4% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.059); superficial SSI increased significantly (0% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.015), while the decreased incidence of deep SSI did not reach statistical significance (0.6% vs. 0.2%).

CONCLUSIONS: From 2008 to 2017, there were trends toward increasing age at surgery and surgeons’ preference for refined open-door laminoplasty. The 30-day complication rate remained stable, but the C5 palsy rate halved.

PMID:37624437 | DOI:10.1007/s00586-023-07902-2

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s00402-023-05041-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Optimal surgical fixation for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF) remains a subject of debate, particularly regarding the superiority between screw fixation and plate fixation via the sinus tarsi approach (STA). This review aims to determine the preferred treatment for DIACF and compare the outcomes of minimally invasive surgery options.

METHODS: Our study involved thorough searches across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science, to identify all relevant publications on distal intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus (DIACFs) that were fixed using cannulated screws or plates via STA. Through a comprehensive meta-analysis, we evaluated several outcomes, including post-operative function, radiological measurements, and complications.

RESULT: A total of 728 patients from 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 435 patients underwent screw fixation via STA, and 373 patients underwent plate fixation via STA. The study found no statistically significant differences between the screw fixation and the plate fixation via sinus tarsi approach (STA) in terms of AOFAS scores, Bohler’s angle, Gissane’s angle, sural nerve injury, secondary subtalar arthrodesis and reoperation. Compared with screw fixation, plate fixation via STA can reduce reduction loss of Bohler’s angle (WMD = – 1.64, 95% CI = [- 2.96, – 0.31], P = 0.06, I² = 59%), lower the incidence of fixation failure (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = [0.13, 0.81], P = 0.78, I² = 0%), and decrease intra-articular step-off (WMD = – 0.52, 95% CI = [- 0.87, – 0.17], P = 0.66, I² = 0%).

CONCLUSIONS: Plate fixation demonstrates superior capability in restoring calcaneal width, maintaining Bohler’s angle, and minimizing intra-articular step-off, thereby maintaining better reduction of the subtalar articular surface. In addition, plate fixation exhibits the modest complication rate and a low incidence of fixation failure. Therefore, we recommend the use of plate fixation through the STA, especially for complex and comminuted intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

PMID:37624429 | DOI:10.1007/s00402-023-05041-3

Eur Radiol. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s00330-023-10147-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of brain MRI and clinical variables with death in children with central nervous system involvement of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (CNS-HLH).

METHODS: Clinical and brain MRI data of children with CNS-HLH from January 2012 to March 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into the deceased group and the surviving group. The intergroup differences of seven brain MRI variables, twelve clinical variables, and underlying diseases were studied.

RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen patients were included in this study, consisting of 59 who died and 55 who survived. The included clinical variables did not show statistically independent correlation with patients’ deaths. For MRI variables, a multivariate analysis demonstrated restricted diffusion of lesion (OR = 9.64, 95% CI: 3.39-27.43, p < 0.001) and count of affected brain regions (CABR) (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.49, p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for death. ROC curve showed CABR (AUC = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70-0.87, p < 0.001) is highly predictive for mortality with an optimal cutoff value of 4.5 (sensitivity 76%, specificity 73%). For HLH subtypes, familial HLH (F-HLH, OR = 9.90, 95% CI: 2.01-48.87, p = 0.005) and immune-compromise-related HLH (IC-HLH, OR = 4.95, 95% CI: 1.40-17.46, p = 0.01) presented statistically stronger association with death than infection-related HLH. F-HLH and IC-HLH preferred to have large lesions, restricted diffusion, and more brain regions involved than other subtypes.

CONCLUSION: Brain MRI features exhibit independent prediction for mortality in children with CNS-HLH, and HLH subtypes pose effects on patient outcomes and brain MRI findings.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The number of affected brain regions and diffusion restriction of lesion exhibit significant correlation with mortality in children diagnosed with CNS-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and may serve as candidate MRI markers for the prediction of the disorder’s severity.

KEY POINTS: • The brain MRI markers, restricted diffusion of lesion and count of affected brain regions, significantly correlated with death. • Familial and immune-compromise-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis presented statistically stronger association with death than infection-related subtype. • Brain MRI is potential in death-predicting for children with central nervous system involvement of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

PMID:37624411 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-023-10147-8

Int Orthop. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s00264-023-05912-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The Chiari pelvic osteotomy was the first surgical procedure to address hip dysplasia by changing the position of the acetabulum by medialization, thus creating a bony roof and improving biomechanical conditions. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to report on the very long-term results of this technique.

METHODS: Out of a consecutive series of 1536 hips, 504 in 405 patients were available for follow-up. The patients were assessed by physical and radiological examination. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with total hip arthroplasty as an endpoint was performed and stratified for age groups, pre-operative diagnosis, sex and osteoarthritis stage.

RESULTS: The average follow-up was 36 ± 8.1 years (range, 35.2 to 54). The average pain level on the Visual Analogue Scale was 2.9 ± 2.6 (range 0 to 8.7). The average Harris Hip Score was 80.2 ± 17.4 (range 17.4 to 100). Correction of dysplasia was effective and remained stable over time. Osteoarthritis significantly increased over time with 53% Tönnis grade 3 at follow-up. The cumulative survivorship was 79.8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 76.1-83.2%) at 20 years, 57.1% (95% CI, 52.8-61.8%) at 30 years and 35% (95% CI, 30.3-40.3%) at 40 years. Young age, male sex and low osteoarthritis grade were positive prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the Chiari pelvic osteotomy is considered a salvage procedure nowadays, it achieved excellent long-term results even in indications, which would be treated differently today. Young patients without osteoarthritis had the best outcome.

PMID:37624407 | DOI:10.1007/s00264-023-05912-9

Rheumatol Int. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s00296-023-05435-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Rheumatic diseases encompass a wide range of conditions characterised by joint inflammation and pain, significantly impacting individuals’ quality of life. Articular syndrome, manifested through joint-related symptoms such as pain, swelling, and reduced mobility, is a common feature of rheumatic diseases. This study aimed to analyze articular syndrome’s structure, demography, and medico-social characteristics in rheumatic diseases. We retrieved case notes of 370 patients examined in 2019-2021 at the Rheumatology Department of the Regional Clinical Hospital, Shymkent, Kazakhstan. We processed data on gender, age, place of residence, social status, clinical diagnosis, comorbid conditions, complications, and delays. The material was counted by frequency analysis. Statistical and mathematical data processing was performed using the SPSS application software package version 26.0 (IBM). The identified rheumatic diseases among the patients included rheumatoid arthritis (183), systemic lupus erythematosus (47), osteoarthritis (42), ankylosing spondylitis (31), systemic scleroderma (30), reactive arthritis (18), gouty arthritis (14), psoriatic arthritis (3), and dermatomyositis (2). The distribution of patients with articular syndrome varied across the study years, with 102 patients in 2019, 216 patients in 2020, and 52 patients in 2021. The study revealed the age distribution of patients, with an average age of 46 at the time of examination and an average age of disease onset at 39. The study further investigated the distribution of rheumatic diseases categorized by gender, place of residence (urban or rural), and disease duration. Additionally, the study examined the prevalence of comorbid conditions and complications related to the underlying rheumatic disease. By examining the structure, demography, and medico-social characteristics of the articular syndrome in patients with rheumatic diseases, this retrospective analysis provides valuable insights into the epidemiological aspects of these conditions. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the burden of rheumatic diseases on individuals and society. Such knowledge can aid in developing targeted interventions, improving healthcare delivery, and enhancing patients’ overall well-being.

PMID:37624400 | DOI:10.1007/s00296-023-05435-x

Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2023 Aug 25;57:e20230075. doi: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0075en. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between sociodemographic, clinical, environmental, cognitive, and emotional factors and the decision time of people with ischemic stroke to seek a health service after the onset of symptoms or wake up stroke.

METHOD: Cross-sectional study carried out from March to October 2019, with 304 patients, in a public hospital, a reference in neurology. Data obtained through interview and from medical records. Decision time was analyzed as a geometric mean. In the bivariate and multivariate analyses, linear regression was used and the Akaike Information Criterion was used to select the best model. Statistical significance of 5% was adopted.

RESULTS: The geometric mean of decision time was 0.30h (95% CI 0.23-0.39). The final model explained this time in 41%, showing an increase of 0.5 min for people with arterial hypertension; 10.8 min for those who waited for symptoms to improve; 1.4 min for those who were alone at the onset of symptoms; 3.9 min for those at home; 3.2 min for the ones at work; and 2.1 for those on the street/public space.

CONCLUSION: The mean decision time for seeking a health service was high and influenced by clinical, environmental, cognitive, and emotional variables. The results guide nurses regarding health education.

PMID:37624382 | DOI:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0075en