Nevin Manimala

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2023 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s40520-023-02530-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that antihypertensive drugs may play a role in the treatment of osteoarthritis, but these studies may be limited by confounding factors and lead to biased results. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study to investigate the effects of blood pressure and antihypertensive drugs on osteoarthritis.

METHODS: We used published large-scale genome-wide association data and applied univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization methods. The main analysis model was inverse variance weighting, and the reliability of the results was tested using MR-Egger intercept analysis, Cochran’s Q test, and leave-one-out analysis. We comprehensively evaluated the relationship between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 12 antihypertensive drugs, and osteoarthritis. We also conducted verification in the independent queue of UK Biobank and built a simple linear regression model to obtain an independent comparison.

RESULTS: We found no evidence that systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly affected osteoarthritis. However, among antihypertensive drugs, we observed a significant positive correlation between potassium-preserving diuretics and aldosterone antagonists and all osteoarthritis (OR: 0.560, 95% CI 0.406-0.772, P = 0.0004). Sensitivity analysis showed no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity, and the leave-one-out analysis demonstrated the reliability of the results. This result was replicated with nominally statistical significance in the validation cohort and exhibited significant correlation in the linear regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that controlling the protein targets of potassium-sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists may have beneficial results for osteoarthritis. These findings provide valuable medication strategies for the control of hypertension in patients with osteoarthritis.

PMID:37603265 | DOI:10.1007/s40520-023-02530-8

Anat Sci Int. 2023 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s12565-023-00740-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It is difficult to obtain specific information regarding the trigeminal ganglion (TG), especially pediatric TG. The aim of present study was to determine the parameters of the TG and assist in the neuroablative treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Thirty-seven sides of cadaver heads that had undergone gross anatomical examination were included, with 29 sides of adults and 8 sides of infants. The distance and angles were measured among 12 points, with nine points adjacent to the TG and three points on the foramen ovale (FO). The three points on FO were represented as three different surgical approaches for TN: posterior FO approach (PFO), lateral FO approach (LFO), and anterior FO approach (AFO). A high similarity was found in pediatric TG. No statistical difference was detected in either the distance or the angles between the 12 points. Statistical difference was found in adult heads in some of the distances, which included PFO to point 5 (17.97 ± 3.35 mm in the left and 15.52 ± 2.28 mm in the right; p = 0.03) and LFO to point 5 and point 8. Moreover, the angle for PFO to point 5 showed a statistically significant difference (60.10 ± 14.02 in the left and 46.63 ± 10.48 in the right; p = 0.01). These findings revealed that surgical neuroablation for patients with TN should be performed more carefully when the PFO or LFO approach is adopted, with a precise preoperative evaluation to avoid corneal complications. Two safety radiofrequency rhizotomy points are also presented to deal with two different kinds of TN.

PMID:37603209 | DOI:10.1007/s12565-023-00740-8

J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 21;21(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s43141-023-00540-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common multifactorial endocrinopathy disorder affecting 5-15% of reproductive women worldwide. The CYP19 gene encodes key enzyme aromatase involved in androgen-to-estrogen conversion which plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Very few studies have been done in the Indian population; hence, we investigated whether CYP19 gene rs2414096 SNP is associated with PCOS and hyperandrogenism susceptibility in Karnataka women.

METHODS: Three-hundred subjects including 150 PCOS and 150 age-matched controls were involved in the current case-control study. Sex hormones and biochemical estimation were performed by ELISA. Sanger sequencing and PCR-RFLP were used to genotype the SNP rs2414096. Genotypic-phenotypic association was studied. Statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTS: The GG genotype was more common in patients, while the GA genotype was more common in control women. LH/FSH was significantly increased in GG genotype in PCOS when compared with AA and GA genotypes. Variations of CYP19 rs2414096 were not statistically significant with PCOS.

CONCLUSION: CYP19 rs2414096 polymorphism was not associated with PCOS; however, the homozygous wild GG genotype may exhibit reduced aromatase activity with subsequent hyperandrogenism implicating endocrine abnormalities.

PMID:37603197 | DOI:10.1186/s43141-023-00540-7

Arch Osteoporos. 2023 Aug 21;18(1):109. doi: 10.1007/s11657-023-01316-9.

ABSTRACT

Randomized clinical trials and observational studies on the implementation of clinical governance models, in patients who had experienced a fragility fracture, were examined. Literature was systematically reviewed and summarized by a panel of experts who formulated recommendations for the Italian guideline.

PURPOSE: After experiencing a fracture, several strategies may be adopted to reduce the risk of recurrent fragility fractures and associated morbidity and mortality. Clinical governance models, such as the fracture liaison service (FLS), have been introduced for the identification, treatment, and monitoring of patients with secondary fragility fractures. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the association between multidisciplinary care systems and several outcomes in patients with a fragility fracture in the context of the development of the Italian Guidelines.

METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were investigated up to December 2020 to update the search of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that analyzed clinical governance models in patients who had experienced a fragility fracture were eligible. Three authors independently extracted data and appraised the risk of bias in the included studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Effect sizes were pooled in a meta-analysis using random-effects models. Primary outcomes were bone mineral density values, antiosteoporotic therapy initiation, adherence to antiosteoporotic medications, subsequent fracture, and mortality risk, while secondary outcomes were quality of life and physical performance.

RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs and 62 observational studies, ranging from very low to low quality for bone mineral density values, antiosteoporotic initiation, adherence to antiosteoporotic medications, subsequent fracture, mortality, met our inclusion criteria. The implementation of clinical governance models compared to their pre-implementation or standard care/non-attenders significantly improved BMD testing rate, and increased the number of patients who initiated antiosteoporotic therapy and enhanced their adherence to the medications. Moreover, the treatment by clinical governance model respect to standard care/non-attenders significantly reduced the risk of subsequent fracture and mortality. The integrated structure of care enhanced the quality of life and physical function among patients with fragility fractures.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, clinicians should promote the management of patients experiencing a fragility fracture through structured and integrated models of care. The task force has formulated appropriate recommendations on the implementation of multidisciplinary care systems in patients with, or at risk of, fragility fractures.

PMID:37603196 | DOI:10.1007/s11657-023-01316-9

Eur Geriatr Med. 2023 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s41999-023-00852-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The assessment of decision-making ability of older adults with cognitive impairment is a complex challenge that geriatricians often face in relation to risk-taking situations (driving, aging in place, financial decisions, etc.). However, there are no clear and consensual practice guidelines. An overview of current practices and needs seemed necessary.

METHODS: We co-created and conducted an online survey to describe practice and knowledge, among European geriatricians. The survey was structured in 3 parts: a description of the professional’s practice regarding cognitive impairment, a specific questionnaire about everyday risky decision-making evaluation and an investigation of the clinician’s knowledge about relevant ethical and legal recommendations. Each part consisted of both multiple choice and open questions, analyzed through descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis methods.

RESULTS: Based on the responses of 123 geriatricians across Europe, our survey showed that clinical interview is the cornerstone of geriatric assessment of decision-making ability of patients with mild to moderate dementia. When faced with risk-taking dilemma situations, geriatricians tend to favor a context of safety above autonomy, but they can support risky decision-making if it is consistent with the patient’s previous lifestyle, depending on the degree of risk to self and others, on the decision-making ability assessed, and if there is some form of shared decision-making.

CONCLUSION: Assessing decision-making ability is challenging for geriatricians, who in our study relied more on their clinical interview and global cognitive tests than more in-depth evaluations. Supporting independent decision-making, when associated with risk-taking, requires better detection and anticipation shared with the patient environment.

PMID:37603190 | DOI:10.1007/s41999-023-00852-4

Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05209-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the treatment efficacy of fluoride toothpaste alone and those of adjunctive use of resin infiltration, sodium fluoride varnish, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on white spot lesions (WSLs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-nine patients (356 teeth) with WSLs after orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated into four groups. The WSLs of the participants received resin infiltration only at baseline, and the other groups received fluoride varnish, CPP-ACP mousse, and placebo treatment every 6 months, respectively. A toothpaste containing 1400 ppm fluoride and toothbrushes were distributed to all participants, and oral hygiene instructions were provided. Photos of the teeth with WSL were taken to compare the change between groups which was measured by ImageJ software.

RESULTS: Twelve months later, different degrees of reduction in the area of WSLs were observed in all groups. The percentage of lesion area reduction in WSLs in the resin infiltration group was 46.6%, which was significantly higher than that in fluoride varnish group (26.6%), CPP-ACP group (28.6%), and control group (29.8%), and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that after 1-year follow-up, the use of fluoride toothpaste, with or without the use of fluoride varnish or CPP-ACP, can reduce the area of WSLs. While resin infiltration can immediately improve dental aesthetics and continuously improved in 12 months, resin infiltration group showed much better results than other groups.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Registration Number: ChiCTR2000032516.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of fluoride toothpaste, with or without adjunctive use of fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP, can reduce the area of WSLs, while resin infiltration treatment has additional effect and can immediately improve dental aesthetics.

PMID:37603170 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-023-05209-6

Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05212-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Different platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) protocols exist and are known to differ in resulting mechanical and bioactive properties. Centrifugation parameters may also influence drug release, in particular antibiotics, when using PRF as a bio-carrier. We thus evaluated three common protocols regarding effects on the bio-carrier properties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective trial comprising 33 patients, we compared different protocols for PRF as a bio-carrier for ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM). Blood samples were taken shortly after a single dose of ampicillin/sulbactam (2 g/1 g) was administered to patients intravenously. PRF was obtained by centrifugation and three protocols were used: protocol A (1300 rpm, 8 min, RCF-max = 208 g), B (2300 rpm, 12 min, RCF-max = 652 g), and C (1500 rpm, 14 min, RCF-max = 276 g). The antibacterial activity of PRF was investigated against five oral species in vitro, based on agar diffusion methodology.

RESULTS: The study demonstrates that a single dose of SAM is sufficient to reach high concentrations in PRF in all protocols (150 µg/ml), which is comparable to the plasma SAM concentration. Antibacterial activity was inferred from the diameter of inhibition zones seen in agar diffusion tests using PRF discs. Protocol B resulted in the largest inhibition zones. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically improved results for protocol B for some bacteria.

CONCLUSIONS: The study provides valuable data on PRF antibiotic enrichment, notably SAM. A single dose of SAM is sufficient to reach clinically relevant concentrations in PRF.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings potentially extend the application of PRF, for example in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw or in oral surgery (e.g., stick bone).

PMID:37603167 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-023-05212-x

Ophthalmol Ther. 2023 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s40123-023-00781-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Measurement of the largest basal dimension (LBD) of intraocular tumors is important as a prognostic parameter. To evaluate the potential value of true color ultra-widefield fundus photography for measuring tumors, we compared LBD measurements of choroidal and retinal tumors using a color ultra-widefield fundus camera with clinical estimation based on indirect ophthalmoscopy and standardized ophthalmic ultrasound.

METHODS: The LBD of 148 choroidal and retinal tumors in 148 patients seen at Tongren Hospital were measured using ultra-widefield fundus photography and compared with measurements obtained using B-scan ultrasonography and clinical estimates based on indirect ophthalmoscopy.

RESULTS: Paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots reveal that measurements from ultra-widefield fundus photographic images are not statistically different from clinical estimates and ultrasound measurements. The results also showed that, although not statistically significant, when the tumor boundary was clear, the height was < 3 mm, or the tumor was pigmented, measurement from ultra-widefield fundus photography tended to be greater than those obtained by ultrasound.

CONCLUSIONS: The LBD measurement using ultra-widefield fundus photography correlated well with ultrasonography and clinical estimation and could be used as a reliable tool for measuring the LBD of choroidal and retinal tumors.

PMID:37603161 | DOI:10.1007/s40123-023-00781-2

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s10554-023-02875-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Different non-invasive and invasive imaging modalities are used to determine carotid artery stenosis severity that remains a principal parameter in clinical decision-making. We compared stenosis degree obtained with different modalities against vascular imaging gold standard, intravascular ultrasound, IVUS.

METHODS: 300 consecutive patients (age 47-83 years, 192 men, 64% asymptomatic) with carotid artery stenosis of ” ≥ 50%” referred for potential revascularization received as per study protocol (i) duplex ultrasound (DUS), (ii) computed tomography angiography (CTA), (iii) intraarterial quantitative angiography (iQA) and (iv) and (iv) IVUS. Correlation of measurements with IVUS (r), proportion of those concordant (within 10%) and proportion of under/overestimated were calculated along with recipient-operating-characteristics (ROC).

RESULTS: For IVUS area stenosis (AS) and IVUS minimal lumen area (MLA), there was only a moderate correlation with DUS velocities (peak-systolic, PSV; end-diastolic, EDV; r values of 0.42-0.51, p < 0.001 for all). CTA systematically underestimated both reference area and MLA (80.4% and 92.3% cases) but CTA error was lesser for AS (proportion concordant-57.4%; CTA under/overestimation-12.5%/30.1%). iQA diameter stenosis (DS) was found concordant with IVUS in 41.1% measurements (iQA under/overestimation 7.9%/51.0%). By univariate model, PSV (ROC area-under-the-curve, AUC, 0.77, cutoff 2.6 m/s), EDV (AUC 0.72, cutoff 0.71 m/s) and CTA-DS (AUC 0.83, cutoff 59.6%) were predictors of ≥ 50% DS by IVUS (p < 0.001 for all). Best predictor, however, of ≥ 50% DS by IVUS was stenosis severity evaluation by automated contrast column density measurement on iQA (AUC 0.87, cutoff 68%, p < 0.001). Regarding non-invasive techniques, CTA was the only independent diagnostic modality against IVUS on multivariate model (p = 0.008).

CONCLUSION: IVUS validation shows significant imaging modality-dependent variations in carotid stenosis severity determination.

PMID:37603155 | DOI:10.1007/s10554-023-02875-1

Eur J Popul. 2023 Aug 21;39(1):28. doi: 10.1007/s10680-023-09676-1.

ABSTRACT

Studies show that the economic benefits of marriage carry over into old age and that widowhood and divorce have detrimental economic consequences, especially for women. This study asks how affluence and poverty are affected by the timing of widowhood and divorce and tests whether they operate in symmetry. The study draws on Israel’s annual Social Survey from multiple years (2013-2017), conducted by Israel’s Central Bureau of Statistics. The sample is limited to older individuals, aged 55+ (n = 4824 men, 5643 women). The findings show that married people are less likely to be poor than unmarried people, but they are not always more likely to be affluent. Widowed men and women, and divorced men are more likely to achieve affluence than continuously married couples. The explanation may be that, in the Israeli context, the widowed tend to inherit benefits accumulated by their late spouse, whereas the divorced tend to divide resources when the marriage dissolves. Women incur higher and longer-term penalties for their change in marital status than do men, so that previously married women tend to have higher rates of poverty and lower rates of affluence than previously married men. The findings show that affluence and poverty do not operate in symmetry and that affluence does not simply mirror poverty, especially among men. For example, early widowed and late divorced men have higher odds of both poverty and affluence than married men. These findings demonstrate that poverty and affluence operate differently and examining both leads to new insights.

PMID:37603138 | DOI:10.1007/s10680-023-09676-1