Nevin Manimala

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 18;14(1):4001. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54422-0.

ABSTRACT

3D seismic attributes analysis can help geologists and mine developers associate subsurface geological features, structures, faults, and ore bodies more precisely and accurately. The major influence of this application is to evaluate the usage of the 3D seismic attributes analysis in gold mine planning. For this, we evaluate the novel theory of complex T-spherical hesitant fuzzy (CTSHF) sets and their operational laws. Furthermore, we derive the CTSHF Aczel-Alsina weighted power averaging (CTSHFAAWPA) operator, CTSHF Aczel-Alsina ordered weighted power averaging (CTSHFAAOWPA) operator, CTSHF Aczel-Alsina weighted power geometric (CTSHFAAWPG) operator, and CTSHF Aczel-Alsina ordered.com weighted power geometric (CTSHFAAOWPG) operator. Some properties are also investigated for the above operators. Additionally, we evaluate the problems of 3D seismic attributes analysis to mine planning under the consideration of the proposed operators, for this, we illustrate the problem of the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique for the above operators. Finally, we demonstrate some examples for making the comparison between prevailing and proposed information to improve the worth of the derived operators.

PMID:38369600 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-54422-0

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 18;14(1):4010. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54044-6.

ABSTRACT

To investigate the effect of teach-back strategy on hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management among hemodialysis patients. The research is a quasi-randomized control trial. A total of 92 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were randomly divided into observation group (n = 46) and control group (n = 46) by random number table method. The control group received conventional health education, and the observation group received teach-back. The intervention lasted six months. The hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management of the two groups were evaluated before and after the intervention. There were no significant difference on hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management scores between the two groups before intervention (P > 0.05). After intervention, the scores of hemodialysis knowledge in the observation group was higher than that in the control group and before intervention. The total scores of self-efficacy and items “3,4,5” were higher than those of the control group. The total scores of self-efficacy and item “1~6” in the observation group were higher than before intervention. The total scores of self-management and the three subscales of “problem solving”, “partnership” and “emotional processing” were higher than those of the control group and before intervention. All of the above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Teach-back is helpful to improve the hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management level of patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, and it is worth to be popularized clinically.

PMID:38369580 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-54044-6

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 18;14(1):4003. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54666-w.

ABSTRACT

Approximately two billion individuals, or 26.4% of the global population, live in moderate- to severely food-insecure circumstances. It was discovered that not receiving all recommended antenatal care throughout one’s pregnancy is one of the effects of household insecurity. The majority of women in Ethiopia, one of the most food-insecure countries in the world, with 10% of the population facing food poverty, devote more of their time to household duties, making food insecurity in the home the primary effect of poor prenatal care utilization. The main objective this study was to assess the status of household food insecurity among postpartum women at Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 mothers who were enrolled from December 1, 2022, to January 30, 2023. The total sample size was allocated proportionately to the number of postpartum women living in each kebeles taking from the town registry of health extension workers for immunization. Thus, systematic sampling was applied. Kobo Toolbox was used for data collection and cleaning, which was then analyzed using the statistical package of Social Science Version 26 (SPSS). In this study, the prevalence of food insecurity was 30.2% (95% CI 25.5-34.5). The associated factors with household food-insecurity were maternal occupation (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.27, 0.90), late antenatal care initiation (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI 2.13, 5.91), and low monthly income (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.38, 6.93). Food insecurity among postpartum mothers in the study area is high. Families who are severely food insecure require quick assistance to lower poor maternal and neonate’s outcomes. Furthermore, enhancing the occupation of mothers is crucial in reducing the morbidities and mortality of food insecure mothers, such as delayed prenatal care services, anemia, low birth weight, and stillbirth.

PMID:38369577 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-54666-w

Insights Imaging. 2024 Feb 18;15(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s13244-023-01603-6.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to assess the equivalency of MRI-based synthetic CT (sCT) to conventional CT for sacroiliac joint bony morphology assessment in children.

METHODS: A prospective study was performed. Children who had (PET-)CT-scan underwent additional MRI. sCT-CT image quality was analyzed by two readers subjectively overall, semi-quantitatively in terms of cortical delineation, joint facet defects, growth plate fusion, ossified nuclei, lumbosacral transitional anomaly, and bony bridges, and quantitatively for disc space height, spinal canal width, and sacral vertebrae width and height. Cohen’s kappa and equivalence analyses with Bland-Altman plots were calculated for categorical and continuous measures respectively.

RESULTS: Ten patients were included (6 boys; aged 9-16 years; mean age 14 years). Overall sCT image quality was rated good. Semi-quantitative assessment of cortical delineation of sacroiliac joints, bony bridges, and joint facet defects on the right iliac and sacral sides showed perfect agreement. Correlation was good to excellent (kappa 0.615-1) for the presence of lumbosacral transitional anomaly, fusion of sacral growth plates, joint facet defect, and presence of ossified nuclei. sCT-CT measurements were statistically equivalent and within the equivalence margins (-1-1 mm) for intervertebral disc space height and spinal canal width. Intra- and inter-reader reliability was excellent for quantitative assessment (0.806 < ICC < 0.998). For categorical scoring, kappa ranged from substantial to excellent (0.615-1).

CONCLUSION: sCT appears to be visually equivalent to CT for the assessment of pediatric sacroiliac joints. sCT may aid in visualizing sacroiliac joints compared to conventional MRI, with the benefit that no ionizing radiation is used, especially important in children.

CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: MRI-based synthetic CT, a new technique that generates CT-like images without ionizing radiation, appears to be visually equivalent to CT for assessment of normal pediatric sacroiliac joints and can potentially assess structural damage as it clearly depicts bony cortex.

KEY POINTS: • MRI-based sCT is a new image technique that can generate CT-like images. • We found that sCT performs similarly to CT in displaying bony structures of pediatric sacroiliac joints. • sCT has already been clinically validated in the sacroiliac joints in adults. • sCT can potentially assess structural damage from erosions or ankylosis as it clearly depicts bony cortex.

PMID:38369564 | DOI:10.1186/s13244-023-01603-6

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 19;14(1):4034. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54408-y.

ABSTRACT

For patients who have difficulty in mechanical cleaning of dental appliances, a denture cleaner that can remove biofilm with dense extracellular polymeric substances is needed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of diatom complex with active micro-locomotion for removing biofilms from 3D printed dentures. The diatom complex, which is made by doping MnO₂ nanosheets on diatom biosilica, is mixed with H₂O₂ to generate fine air bubbles continuously. Denture base resin specimens were 3D printed in a roof shape, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10⁷ CFU/mL) was cultured on those for biofilm formation. Cleaning solutions of phosphate-buffered saline (negative control, NC), 3% H₂O₂ with peracetic acid (positive control, PC), denture cleanser tablet (DCT), 3% H₂O₂ with 2 mg/mL diatom complex M (Melosira, DM), 3% H₂O₂ with 2 mg/mL diatom complex A (Aulacoseira, DA), and DCT with 2 mg/mL DM were prepared and applied. To assess the efficacy of biofilm removal quantitatively, absorbance after cleaning was measured. To evaluate the stability of long-term use, surface roughness, ΔE, surface micro-hardness, and flexural strength of the 3D printed dentures were measured before and after cleaning. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows with one-way ANOVA, followed by Scheffe’s test as a post hoc (p < 0.05). The group treated with 3% H₂O₂ with DA demonstrated the lowest absorbance value, followed by the groups treated with 3% H₂O₂ with DM, PC, DCT, DCT + DM, and finally NC. As a result of Scheffe’s test to evaluate the significance of difference between the mean values of each group, statistically significant differences were shown in all groups based on the NC group. The DA and DM groups showed the largest mean difference though there was no significant difference between the two groups. Regarding the evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the denture base resin, no statistically significant differences were observed before and after cleaning. In the cytotoxicity test, the relative cell count was over 70%, reflecting an absence of cytotoxicity. The diatom complex utilizing active micro-locomotion has effective biofilm removal ability and has a minimal effect in physical and mechanical properties of the substrate with no cytotoxicity.

PMID:38369560 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-54408-y

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 18;14(1):4014. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54505-y.

ABSTRACT

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a species complex of pleomorphic spirochetes, including species that cause Lyme disease (LD) in humans. In addition to classic spiral forms, these bacteria are capable of creating morphological forms referred to as round bodies and aggregates. The subject of discussion is their possible contribution to the persistence of infection or post-infection symptoms in LD. This study investigates the immunological properties of these forms by monitoring reactivity with early (n = 30) and late stage (n = 30) LD patient sera and evaluating the immune response induced by vaccination of mice. In patient sera, we found a quantitative difference in reactivity with individual morphotypes, when aggregates were recognized most intensively, but the difference was statistically significant in only half of the tested strains. In post-vaccination mouse sera, we observed a statistically significant higher reactivity with antigens p83 and p25 (OspC) in mice vaccinated with aggregates compared to mice vaccinated with spiral forms. The importance of the particulate nature of the antigen for the induction of a Th1-directed response has also been demonstrated. In any of morphological forms, the possibility of inducing antibodies cross-reacting with human nuclear and myositis specific/associated autoantigens was not confirmed by vaccination of mice.

PMID:38369537 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-54505-y

Shock. 2024 Feb 2. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002324. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Slaine solution (NSS) and Ringer’s acetate solution (RAS) are commonly given to critical ill patients as a fundamental fluid therapy. However, the effect of RAS and NSS on sepsis patient outcomes remains unknown.

METHODS: We conducted a single-center prospective open-label parallel controlled trial to enroll adult patients (>18 years old) diagnosed with sepsis. Participants received either RAS or NSS for intravenous infusion for 5 days. The primary outcome was the incidence of Major adverse kidney events within 28 days (MAKE28). Secondary outcomes included 30-/90-day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperchloremia. The patients were then reclassified as NSS-only, RAS-only, and RAS+NSS groups according to the type of fluid they had received before enrollment. Thereafter, a secondary post hoc analysis was performed.

RESULTS: 255 septic patients were screened and 143 patients (51.0% in RAS group and 49.0% in NSS group) were enrolled in the study. Each group received a median 2 L of fluid administration during 5 interventional days. 39.3% of patients had received 500 (500-1000) mL of balanced salt solutions (BSSs) prior to ICU admission. There was no statistical difference among the RAS and NSS group on the primary outcome MAKE28 in the initial analysis (23.3% vs. 20.0%, OR1.2 [0.6 to 2.2], p = 0.69). MAKE28 was observed in 23.3% of RAS-only versus 27.3% of NSS-only group patients (0.82 [0.35-1.94], P = 0.65) in the secondary post hoc analysis. The patients in NSS-only group had a longer Invasive Mechanical Ventilation days and a trend toward the accumulation of serum chloride.

CONCLUSION: This study observed no statistically significant difference on MAKE28 and secondary outcomes among sepsis patients receiving RAS and NSS. However, it is unclear whether the large amount of fluid resuscitation prior to ICU admission and carrier NSS narrowed the difference between BSSs and NSSs.

PMID:38369528 | DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000002324

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 18;14(1):4019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54293-5.

ABSTRACT

According to previous observational researches and clinical trials, the gut microbiota is related to prostate diseases. However, the potential association between gut microbiota and prostate disorders is still uncertain. We first identified groups of gut microbiota based on the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels from consortium MiBioGen. And we acquired prostate diseases statistics from the FINNGEN study and PRACTICAL consortium. Next, two-sample Mendelian randomization was used to investigate the potential associations between three prevalent prostate disease and gut microbiota. In addition, we performed a reverse MR analysis and Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) test for further research. We investigated the connection between 196 gut microbiota and three prevalent prostate diseases. We identified 42 nominally significant associations and 2 robust causative links. Upon correction for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, our analysis revealed a positive correlation between the risk of prostatitis and the presence of the taxonomic order Gastranaerophilales. Conversely, the risk of prostate cancer exhibited an inverse correlation with the presence of the taxonomic class Alphaproteobacteria. Our study revealed the potential association between gut microbiota and prostate diseases. The results may be useful in providing new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies of prostate diseases.

PMID:38369514 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-54293-5

Clin Chem Lab Med. 2024 Feb 19. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1495. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a new biomarker used as an early indicator of sepsis (ESId). It is often aids in the identification of patients who may develop sepsis. This study aims to establish the MDW reference interval (RI) within the healthy population of blood donors using EDTA-K₂ as anticoagulant. Many hospitals use this biomarker as a means of identifying patients who present to the hospital with sepsis.

METHODS: A total of 274 samples obtained from healthy donors were analyzed. MDW measurements were taken within 2 h post-extraction. The RI was estimated using various statistical methodologies, including the recommended CLSI EP28-A3c guideline, non-parametric and robust methods, along with the Harrell-Davis bootstrap method applied to the entire sample.

RESULTS: The RI estimated through non-parametric method was 14.77 CI90 % (14.36-14.97)-21.13 CI90 % (20.89-21.68); RI using the robust method was 15.64-19.05 and RI using the Harrell-Davis bootstrap method was 14.73 CI90 % (14.53-14.92)-21.14 CI90 % (20.88-21.40).

CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical applicability, we recommend utilizing the RI derived from the non-parametric method, aligning with the CLSI recommendations. Furthermore, we consider that our results can be taken as a reference in other laboratories that serve a population similar to our study cohort.

PMID:38369513 | DOI:10.1515/cclm-2023-1495

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2024 Feb 18:1-15. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2024.2316151. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The relationship of occupational exposure to endotoxins with different histologic subtypes of lung cancer has not been established. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the effect of exposure to endotoxins on the development of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A bibliographic search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases until December 2022, including all cohort and/or case-control studies that examined occupational exposure to endotoxins and SCLC. Risk of bias was assessed using the U.S. Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool. A random effects model was applied, publication bias were assessed, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted. Four papers were selected for meta-analysis purposes. A total of 144 incident cases of SCLC and 897 population or hospital controls were included. Occupational exposure to endotoxins was considered for textile/leather industry and agricultural sector workers exposed to endotoxins originating from wool, cotton, or leather dust. Except for one study, all investigations were classified as having a low probability of risk of biases. The results of the meta-analysis were not statistically significant (pooled OR: 0.86; 95% CI:0.69-1.08). In addition, neither between-study heterogeneity (I²=0%;p=0.92) nor publication bias was observed (p=0.49). The results of the sensitivity analysis, after including five studies that assessed the risk of SCLC among textile industry and crop/livestock farm workers (not specifically exposed to endotoxins), showed a negative statistically non-significant association and low between-study heterogeneity (pooled OR: 0.90; 95% CI:0.79-1.02; I²=22%;p=0.23). Subjects exposed to occupational exposure to endotoxins seem to exhibit a negative association with the development of SCLC, although the results are not conclusive.

PMID:38369511 | DOI:10.1080/10937404.2024.2316151