Nevin Manimala

J Autism Dev Disord. 2023 Sep 8. doi: 10.1007/s10803-023-06077-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between self-compassion and psychological hardiness, and psychological well-being among mothers of children with autism. The research design was correlational, and its statistical population sample consisted of 101 mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. The results of a correlational analysis showed a significant positive relationship between self-compassion and psychological hardiness, and psychological well-being. Multiple regression analysis showed that among the variables of self-compassion and psychological hardiness, the variable of self-compassion had the largest share in predicting the psychological well-being of mothers. Concerning self-compassion, conscious awareness of self-kindness along with psychological hardship could predict the psychological well-being in these groups of mothers, such as raising a child with ASD.

PMID:37682408 | DOI:10.1007/s10803-023-06077-5

Acta Ophthalmol. 2023 Sep 8. doi: 10.1111/aos.15760. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of topical short-acting mydriatics on the formation of posterior synechia after phacovitrectomy surgery of pars plana vitrectomy and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation.

METHODS: A prospective randomised controlled trial. Fifty-seven adult (>18 years old) patients (57 eyes) who underwent phacovitrectomy surgery at a single tertiary hospital, were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (29 eyes) received standard postoperative treatment (topical antibiotics and steroids). The study group (28 eyes) received short-acting mydriatics together with standard therapy. Patients were followed until 24 months after surgery. The primary outcome measure was the formation of posterior synechia during the follow-up period.

RESULTS: A total of 7 patients developed posterior synechia during the follow-up period (12%), 3 in the study group (11%) and 4 in the control group (14%). There was no statistical difference between the groups. Significant associations for the development of posterior synechia were surgery for retinal detachment, longer surgery duration (>93 min) and the use of tamponade, in particular silicone oil.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of topical short-acting mydriatic drops after phacovitrectomy surgery, in addition to standard post-operative treatment, did not reduce the formation of posterior synechia. However, we identified several factors that may influence or act as predictors for the development of posterior synechia: surgery for retinal detachment, using silicone oil tamponade and a longer surgery duration. Our findings may aid in the standardisation of post-phacovitrectomy surgery treatment and define potential at-risk patients who should be monitored more closely.

PMID:37681397 | DOI:10.1111/aos.15760

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Aug;34(8):2267-2273. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202308.030.

ABSTRACT

As a vulnerable species identified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Lepidochelys olivacea has attracted extensive attention in recent years. To examine its current distribution and that under future climate change scenarios, we compiled the occurrence data of L. olivacea. With eight predictor variables, including depth, offshore distance, mean primary productivity, minimum primary productivity, mean sea surface temperature, minimum sea surface temperature, mean sea surface salinity, and minimum sea surface salinity, we predicted its distribution in an ensemble species distribution model. The accuracy of the model was evaluated with the parameters of areas under curves (AUC) and true skill statistics (TSS). The results showed that the AUC and TSS values were 0.96 and 0.81, respectively, indicating a good predictive performance of the ensemble model. Sea surface temperature and salinity were the two most important variables determining the distribution of L. olivacea, with the suitable temperature ranging from 23 to 29 ℃ and salinity below 34. The current distribution range of L. olivacea was between 30° N-25° S. Under future climate scenarios, its distribution range would decrease, especially under the RCP85 scenario in the 2100s (with a 28% reduction in the suitable survival range). The results of model validation showed that it had high accuracy and could make accurate predictions of the distribution. This study would provide references for the development of more rational conservation measures and management strategies.

PMID:37681391 | DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202308.030

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Aug;34(8):2101-2112. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202308.004.

ABSTRACT

Chlorophyll is an important indicator of vegetation health status, accurate estimation of which is important for evaluating forest carbon sink. In this study, we estimated the chlorophyll content of coniferous forests, broad-leaved forests and mixed forest stands at stand and individual tree level by unmanned air vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral data combined with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds, which improved the non-destructive estimation accuracy of forest chlorophyll. We further comprehensively analyzed the spatial distribution of chlorophyll content at different scales. A total of 36 spectral characteristic variables related to chlorophyll content were screened by correlation analysis based on the fusion of UAV hyperspectral data and LiDAR point clouds combining with the empirical data from ground plots. We constructed multiple models for chlorophyll estimation by using statistical model, including multiple stepwise regression, BP neural network, BP neural network optimized by firefly algorithm, random forest and hybrid data-driven PROSPECT mechanism model. The optimal model was selected to estimate the chlorophyll content. The horizontal and vertical distribution of chlorophyll content at the stand level and individual tree level were analyzed. The results showed that the random forest model was superior to the models constructed by multiple stepwise regression, BP neural network and BP neural network optimized by firefly algorithm for chlorophyll estimation with R² and RMSE of 0.59-0.64 and 3.79-5.83 μg·cm^-2, respectively. The accuracy of the mechanism model was the highest, with R² and RMSE of 0.97 and 3.40 μg·cm^-2. The chlorophyll contents differed across stand types, with that in broad-leaved forest (25.25-31.60 μg·cm^-2) being higher than mixed forest (13.52-23.93 μg·cm^-2) and coniferous forest (6.40-13.71 μg·cm^-2). There were significant differences in chlorophyll contents the in vertical direction among different stands. For individual tree of different species, the chlorophyll content inside the canopy was lower than that outside the canopy in the horizontal direction. In the vertical direction, there was no difference in chlorophyll content among different layers of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica canopy. However, significant differences were observed among the upper, middle, and lower layers of Juglans mandshurica canopy. Using the fusion of hyperspectral image and LiDAR point cloud data, the mechanism model driven by hybrid data could effectively improve the accuracy and stability of chlorophyll content estimation at different scales.

PMID:37681374 | DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202308.004

Acta Paediatr. 2023 Sep 8. doi: 10.1111/apa.16970. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Preterm children are highly vulnerable to sensorial impairments through Retinopathy Of Prematurity (ROP). The objective was to determine whether some cases of ROP requiring surgery could be secondary to deficiencies in care pathways.

METHODS: Descriptive study of neonatal characteristics and the screening/treatment pathways of children treated for stage ≥4A ROP from 2009 to 2020 in a referral unit in France.

RESULTS: Twenty-five preterm children (44 eyes) were included: median gestational age was 25 weeks, and median birthweight was 700 grams. Eighty-four per cent had received at least one fundus examination, 50% of which were completed on time. At the time of retinal detachment diagnosis, only 36% of the children had received laser or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intra-vitreal injection. ROP stage was only reported in 8%, and the zone or type was reported in 16% of the files.

CONCLUSION: The risk of blindness and the effectiveness of laser or anti-VEGF treatment highlight the need to enhance screening and treatment practices in France.

PMID:37681343 | DOI:10.1111/apa.16970

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Sep 8:trad064. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trad064. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of disease prevalence clusters of dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) virus and how socio-economic and climatic variables simultaneously influence the risk and rate of occurrence of infection in Mexico.

METHODS: To determine the spatiotemporal clustering and the effect of climatic and socio-economic covariates on the rate of occurrence of disease and risk in Mexico, we applied correlation methods, seasonal and trend decomposition using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing, hotspot analysis and conditional autoregressive Bayesian models.

RESULTS: We found cases of the disease are decreasing and a significant association between DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV cases and climatic and socio-economic variables. An increment of cases was identified in the northeastern, central west and southeastern regions of Mexico. Climatic and socio-economic covariates were significantly associated with the rate of occurrence and risk of the three arboviral disease cases.

CONCLUSION: The association of climatic and socio-economic factors is predominant in the northeastern, central west and southeastern regions of Mexico. DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV cases showed an increased risk in several states in these regions and need urgent attention to allocate public health resources to the most vulnerable regions in Mexico.

PMID:37681342 | DOI:10.1093/trstmh/trad064

Arch Esp Urol. 2023 Aug;76(6):454-459. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237606.55.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Live surgery events (LSEs) are frequently organized for sharing the surgical experiences with surgeons at the beginning of their learning curves. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the outcomes and complication rates of patients underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) at LSEs are comparable with regular cases.

METHODS: Ten courses were organized during 2017-2022. Data of 32 patients who operated in the LSEs were 1:3 matched (for stone burden and surgeon) with the data of patients who underwent regular RIRS within the course periods at the same centers (n = 96). All courses took place in concordance with the latest LSE policies. The primary outcomes were stone-free and complication rates. Fluoroscopy and operation times were the secondary outcomes.

RESULTS: Stone-free rates of the groups were similar (84% in LSE and 79% in control group; p = 0.520). Similarly, there were no differences in complication rates (p = 0.428) and fluoroscopy time (p = 0.477). Duration of the LSE cases (82.24 ± 31.12 min) was slightly but insignificantly longer than regular cases (73.77 ± 20.89 min, p = 0.092). Moreover, guest surgeons tend to have longer operation time with statistically insignificant prolongation (74.92 ± 30.43 min for host, 89.52 ± 28.34 min for guest surgeons, p = 0.064).

CONCLUSIONS: RIRS can be performed without jeopardizing operation efficiency and patient safety in LSEs. If surgeon is not familiar with operating room set-up or staff, live surgery must be performed by host surgeon to avoid extended operating time.

PMID:37681337 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237606.55

Arch Esp Urol. 2023 Aug;76(6):403-410. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237606.49.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In this study, the clinical effect of lamivudine combined with leflunomide and methylprednisolone in the treatment of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) and their influence on renal function indexes was explored.

METHODS: Patients with HBV-GN were selected for retrospective analysis and divided into the group B and group A, with 41 cases in each group. The group B was given leflunomide and methylprednisolone, whereas the group A was supplemented with lamivudine. The level of 24 h proteinuria (PRO), albumin (ALB), beta2-microglobulin (β2-MG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in two groups was measured. The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions appetite, spirit, sleep and daily life scores of the two groups were recorded.

RESULTS: With the extension of treatment time to end of the treatment, the level of 24 h PRO, ALB and β2-MG in the group A significantly changed compared with that before treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, the level of ALT, IFN-γ and IL-4 in the two groups significantly decreased compared with that before treatment, and the level of the three indexes in the group A decreased more significantly (p < 0.05). The total effective rate in the group A was higher than that in the group B (p < 0.05). The occurrence of adverse reactions showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After treatment, scores of appetite, spirit, sleep and daily living were increased in the two groups, and the increase in the group A was more significant than that in the group B (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Lamivudine combined with methylprednisolone and leflunomide treatment is conducive to clearing Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and improving renal function.

PMID:37681331 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237606.49

Arch Esp Urol. 2023 Aug;76(6):389-396. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237606.47.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in the prevalence and clinical characteristics of urogenital diseases in hospitalized patients of secondary and tertiary hospitals in Ningbo, an east coast city in China, from 2017 to 2019.

METHODS: We collected the data on hospitalized patients in Ningbo secondary and tertiary hospitals from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. The data included age, sex, and diagnosis identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, which were obtained from Ningbo National Health Information Platform. We quantified the epidemiology (age/sex-specific) trend of urogenital system disorders.

RESULTS: From January 2017 to December 2019, there were 256750 hospitalized patients with urogenital system disorders. These hospitalized patients comprised more women than men (1.45:1.00). The number of hospitalized patients with these diseases significantly increased over the 3 years (77505, 89167, and 90078, respectively; Z = 20.03, p < 0.001). The highest prevalence of these diseases was in the 40- to 64-year-old age group (47.37%), followed by the 18- to 39-year-old age group (23.94%). Over the 3 years, the five most common diseases in hospitalized male patients were male reproductive organ disorders, urolithiasis, tubulointerstitial disease, renal failure, and glomerular disease; Whereas the five most common diseases in hospitalized female patients were non-inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract, benign or dynamic undetermined tumors of the female reproductive organs, disorders of breast (according to ICD-10, disorders of breast (N60-N64) were involved in urogenital system diseases (N00-N99)), inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs, and renal tubulointerstitial disease. In addition, the number of inpatients with renal tubulointerstitial disease significantly increased from 5952 to 9616 over the 3 years (rank increased from 6 to 3).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with urogenital system disorders significantly increased over the 3 years, occurring more often in women and most commonly in young and middle-aged people, which warrants more attention in clinical practice.

PMID:37681329 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237606.47

Turk J Gastroenterol. 2023 Sep 8. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22823. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analog is controversial in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients not achieved HBsAg loss. We aimed to evaluate re-treatment rates and risk factors in non-cirrhotic HbeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients for whom nucleosi(t)ides analogs were discontinued.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data before and at the end after discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogs were collected retrospectively.

RESULTS: Seventy-two patients followed up between January 2000 and December 2019 were included; 43 were male, with a mean age of 46.3 (±10.8). Baseline median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis B virus DNA levels were 55.5 IU/L and 465 925 IU/mL, respectively. The median histologic activity index was 5.5 and the fibrosis score was 2. The median duration of treatment and consolidation therapy were 59 and 56 months, respectively. The median follow-up time after discontinuation of treatment was 55 months. Among 56 patients eligible for evaluation according to proposed re-treatment criteria, 29 (51.7%) patients were re-treated. The median time for relapse was 11 months. Re-treatment was significantly common in males (P = .034) and patients treated with tenofovir/entecavir (P = .04). Baseline hepatitis B virus DNA and levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at the third and sixth months of treatment and at the end of treatment were statistically significantly higher in re-treated patients. A cutoff value of ≥405 000 IU/L for hepatitis B virus DNA discriminated patients for re-treatment. HBsAg was lost permanently in 2 non-re-treated patients.

CONCLUSION: In resource-limited areas where follow-up of HBsAg or other markers is not possible, nucleos(t)ide analog discontinuation can be considered in patients in the early stage, with low baseline hepatitis B virus DNA and ALT levels, after a long consolidation therapy.

PMID:37681268 | DOI:10.5152/tjg.2023.22823