Nevin Manimala

Oral Dis. 2023 Aug 29. doi: 10.1111/odi.14722. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative frequency, demographic and pathologic profiles of patients diagnosed with cysts of the jaws.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy records of the participating institutions from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed for lesions diagnosed in the cyst category. Demographic data, the location of the cysts and pathologic diagnoses were collected. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using IBM SPSS software version 28.0.

RESULTS: From 148,353 accessioned cases, 25,628 cases (17.28%) were diagnosed in the cyst category. Mean age of the patients ± SD = 42.62 ± 19.36 years. Paediatric patients (aged ≤ 16 years) accounted for 9.63%, while geriatric patients (aged ≥ 65) comprised 14.22% of all the patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.27:1. The majority of the lesions were encountered in the mandible. The most prevalent cyst was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst. In the paediatric group, dentigerous cyst was the most prevalent, whereas in the geriatric group, radicular cyst was the most common.

CONCLUSIONS: In general, the results of this study are in accordance with previous studies. This study provides an invaluable database for clinicians when formulating clinical differential diagnoses as well as for pathologists in rendering the final diagnosis.

PMID:37642034 | DOI:10.1111/odi.14722

Int Psychogeriatr. 2023 Aug 29:1-14. doi: 10.1017/S1041610223000662. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and early and late-onset suicidal behavior among depressed older adults.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

SETTING: Inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services in Pennsylvania.

PARTICIPANTS: Our sample included 224 adults aged 50+ (M ± SD = 62.5 ± 7.4) recruited into three depressed groups: (1) 84 suicide attempters, (2) 44 suicide ideators, and (3) 58 non-suicidal comparisons, and a non-psychiatric healthy comparison group (N = 38).

MEASUREMENTS: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measured experiences of childhood trauma such as emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and sexual abuse.

RESULTS: Attempters were separated into early- and late-onset based on age of first attempt using a statistical algorithm that identified a cutoff age of 30 years old. Overall, we found group differences in emotional and physical abuse and neglect in both genders and sexual abuse in females, but not in males. Early-onset attempters experienced more childhood emotional abuse and neglect than late-onset attempters and were more likely to have experienced multiple forms of abuse. They also experienced more emotional abuse and neglect than all comparison groups. Consistently, early-onset attempters more often met criteria for current or lifetime PTSD relative to late-onset attempters and most comparison groups. Late-onset attempters had similar levels of childhood trauma as other depressed groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study reaffirms that there are distinct pathways to suicidal behavior in older adults based on their age of first suicide attempt and that trauma experienced in childhood has long-lasting emotional and behavioral consequences, even into late life.

PMID:37642013 | DOI:10.1017/S1041610223000662

Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2023 Aug 28. doi: 10.2174/1573397119666230828162611. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Balance weaknesses related to mobility and fall risk in patients with rheumatic diseases are well-known. Vestibular dysfunction could negatively contribute to the balance ability of this patient population. This study aims to investigate the effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), among the most common rheumatic diseases, on postural balance related to vestibular function.

METHODS: Seventy-eight participants were grouped as RA (n=34, 43%), AS (n=24, 30.7%), and the control group consisted of healthy individuals (n=20, 25.6%). Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMP) test, which assesses the vestibular function objectively, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), which evaluates vertigo subjectively, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were performed.

RESULTS: Different degrees of VEMP latency prolongations were found in the AS and RA groups. Right, and left ear N1 latencies were significantly longer in the AS group than in RA and control. Right ear P1 latency prolongation was statistically significant in the RA group. Amplitude asymmetry ratio (AAR) was found to be considerably higher in the RA and AS groups than in the control group (p<0.05). The mean BBS score in the AS group was below the fall risk score of 45. A negative statistically significant effect was observed between latency prolongation and BBS in AS groups.

CONCLUSION: The abnormal VEMP findings in individuals with RA and AS shows inner ear vestibular system dysfunction. This vestibular impairment strictly contributes to their postural imbalance and requires a focused vestibular rehabilitation program for balance treatment.

PMID:37641997 | DOI:10.2174/1573397119666230828162611

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Aug 29. doi: 10.1111/jdv.19485. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, is an effective treatment in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Predictors of fast and good response for omalizumab treatment have not yet been identified and characterized.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if soluble FcεRI (sFcεRI), a marker of IgE-mediated mast cell activation, predicts the time of response to omalizumab in CSU.

METHODS: Sera of 67 CSU patients were obtained before omalizumab treatment and analysed for sFcεRI levels by ELISA (2 ng/mL was used as cut-off for elevated sFcɛRI). Treatment response during the first 4 weeks was assessed with the urticaria activity score (UAS7), urticaria control test (UCT) and the rolling UAS7 (rUAS7).

RESULTS: Elevated pre-treatment sFcɛRI levels were detected in more than 70% of patients with completely controlled disease (UCT = 16) and well controlled disease (UCT = 12-15) and were significantly associated with disease control (χ2 = 4.94, p < 0.05). More than half of the patients (14/25) with low levels had poor disease control (UCT < 12). Of the patients who achieved complete and marked UAS7 response, respectively, 75% and 63% had elevated baseline sFcɛRI levels. Post-treatment UAS7 scores were lower in patients with elevated sFcɛRI levels reaching statistical significance at week 3 (p < 0.05). Patients with elevated baseline sFcɛRI levels achieved rUAS7 ≤ 6 and = 0 earlier than those with lower levels (day 9 vs 13 and day 12 vs 14, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Elevated sFcεRI serum levels predict early and good response to treatment with omalizumab, which may help to better design treatment options for CSU patients.

PMID:37641982 | DOI:10.1111/jdv.19485

Allergy. 2023 Aug 29. doi: 10.1111/all.15861. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease in which patients suffer from local attacks primarily affecting skin and gastrointestinal tract, and sometimes even the upper respiratory tract leading to asphyxiation. Since head-to-head trials between authorized treatments are lacking, this study compares efficacy and safety of lanadelumab and intravenous plasma-derived C1-esterase inhibitor (pdC1-INH i.v.) in HAE patients on long-term prophylaxis by means of an indirect treatment comparison.

METHODS: Efficacy and safety of lanadelumab against pdC1-INH i.v. were analyzed in a fully prespecified indirect comparison based on individual patient data (n = 231) from the HELP and CHANGE clinical trials. Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were compared using a generalized linear model for count data. Confounding variables were identified a priori via systematic literature research and validated by clinical experts. Adjustment of confounders was implemented using a conditional regression model.

RESULTS: Lanadelumab showed a statistically significant improvement in reduction of HAE attack rates compared to pdC1-INH i.v. across multiple endpoints: Monthly attack rate of patients treated with lanadelumab was less than half compared to pdC1-INH i.v. (Rate ratio: 0.486; 95% CI: 0.253, 0.932). Monthly rate of laryngeal attacks was found to be five times lower for lanadelumab (Rate ratio: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.044, 0.915) and monthly rate of acute treated HAE attacks among lanadelumab patients was about one third of the attack rate of pdC1-INH i.v. patients (Rate ratio: 0.366; 95% CI: 0.185, 0.727).

CONCLUSION: This study contributes to current knowledge in the treatment of HAE by indicating a statistically significant reduction of HAE attacks under lanadelumab compared to pdC1-INH i.v.

PMID:37641968 | DOI:10.1111/all.15861

Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2023 Aug 29:20230141. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20230141. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the reliability of AI-generated STL files in diagnosing osseous changes of the mandibular condyle and compare them to a ground truth (GT) diagnosis made by six radiologists.

METHODS: A total of 432 retrospective CBCT images from four universities were evaluated by six dentomaxillofacial radiologists who identified osseous changes such as flattening, erosion, osteophyte formation, bifid condyle formation, and osteosclerosis. All images were evaluated by each radiologist blindly and recorded on a spreadsheet. All evaluations were compared and for the disagreements, a consensus meeting was held online to create a uniform GT diagnosis spreadsheet. A web-based dental AI software was used to generate STL files of the CBCT images, which were then evaluated by two dentomaxillofacial radiologists. The new observer, GT, was compared to this new STL file evaluation, and the interclass correlation (ICC) value was calculated for each pathology.

RESULTS: Out of the 864 condyles assessed, the ground truth diagnosis identified 372 cases of flattening, 185 cases of erosion, 70 cases of osteophyte formation, 117 cases of osteosclerosis, and 15 cases of bifid condyle formation. The ICC values for flattening, erosion, osteophyte formation, osteosclerosis, and bifid condyle formation were 1.000, 0.782, 1.000, 0.000, and 1.000, respectively, when comparing diagnoses made using STL files with the ground truth.

CONCLUSIONS: AI-generated STL files are reliable in diagnosing bifid condyle formation, osteophyte formation, and flattening of the condyle. However, the diagnosis of osteosclerosis using AI-generated STL files is not reliable, and the accuracy of diagnosis is affected by the erosion grade.

PMID:37641960 | DOI:10.1259/dmfr.20230141

Br J Nutr. 2023 Aug 29:1-27. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523001988. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Rhodiola rosea (RR) is a plant whose bioactive components may function as adaptogens, thereby increasing resistance to stress and improving overall resilience. Some of these effects may influence exercise performance and adaptations. Based on studies of rodents, potential mechanisms for the ergogenic effects of RR include modulation of energy substrate stores and use, reductions in fatigue and muscle damage, and altered antioxidant activity. At least 16 investigations in humans have explored the potential ergogenicity of RR. These studies indicate acute RR supplementation (∼200 mg RR containing ∼1% salidroside and ∼3% rosavin, provided 60 minutes before exercise) may prolong time-to-exhaustion and improve time trial performance in recreationally active males and females, with limited documented benefits of chronic supplementation. Recent trials providing higher doses (∼1,500 to 2,400 mg RR/day for 4 to 30 days) have demonstrated ergogenic effects during sprints on bicycle ergometers and resistance training in trained and untrained adults. The effects of RR on muscle damage, inflammation, energy system modulation, antioxidant activity, and perceived exertion are presently equivocal. Collectively, it appears that adequately dosed RR enhances dimensions of exercise performance and related outcomes for select tasks. However, the current literature does not unanimously show that RR is ergogenic. Variability in supplementation dose and duration, concentration of bioactive compounds, participant characteristics, exercise tests, and statistical considerations may help explain these disparate findings. Future research should build on the longstanding use of RR and contemporary clinical trials to establish the conditions in which supplementation facilitates exercise performance and adaptations.

PMID:37641937 | DOI:10.1017/S0007114523001988

Langmuir. 2023 Aug 29. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01642. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Colloidal plexcitonic materials (CPMs) are a class of nanosystems where molecular dyes are strongly coupled with colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles, acting as nanocavities that enhance the light field. As a result of this strong coupling, new hybrid states are formed, called plexcitons, belonging to the broader family of polaritons. With respect to other families of polaritonic materials, CPMs are cheap and easy to prepare through wet chemistry methodologies. Still, clear structure-to-properties relationships are not available, and precise rules to drive the materials’ design to obtain the desired optical properties are still missing. To fill this gap, in this article, we prepared a dataset with all CPMs reported in the literature, rationalizing their design by focusing on their three main relevant components (the plasmonic nanoparticles, the molecular dyes, and the capping layers) and identifying the most used and efficient combinations. With the help of statistical analysis, we also found valuable correlations between structure, coupling regime, and optical properties. The results of this analysis are expected to be relevant for the rational design of new CPMs with controllable and predictable photophysical properties to be exploited in a vast range of technological fields.

PMID:37641919 | DOI:10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01642

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Aug 31;49(4):208-213. doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2023.49.4.208.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Orthognathic surgery is a corrective intervention for maxillofacial deformities. Bleeding is a major concern for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Various agents, such as hemocoagulase, tranexamic acid, and aprotinin have been developed to reduce intraoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the effects of hemocoagulase and tranexamic acid, as well as their simultaneous use, to reduce bleeding during orthognathic surgery. Patients and.

METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who had undergone simultaneous orthognathic surgery of the maxilla and mandible between January 2013 and September 2022 and were classified into three groups based on drugs administered: hemocoagulase (Botropase), tranexamic acid, and a combination of both drugs. We recorded patient age, sex, weight, blood loss, and duration of surgery. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet levels were measured before, immediately after, and one day after surgery.

RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in blood loss, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or platelet levels between any of the groups. There were no differences in the drug effects between Le Fort I and bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomies, with or without double genioplasty. However, there were significant reductions in RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet levels during genioplasty.

CONCLUSION: Tranexamic acid, hemocoagulase, and their combination had similar efficacy in patients who underwent Le Fort Ⅰ and bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomies with and without genioplasty.

PMID:37641903 | DOI:10.5125/jkaoms.2023.49.4.208

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Aug 31;49(4):192-197. doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2023.49.4.192.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Surgical extraction of maxillary third molars is routine in departments devoted to oral and maxillofacial surgery. Because maxillary third molars are anatomically adjacent to the maxillary sinus, complications such as oroantral fistula and maxillary sinusitis can occur. Here we explore the factors that can cause radiographic postoperative swelling of the maxillary sinus mucosa after surgical extraction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical records and radiographs of patients who underwent maxillary third-molar extraction. Preoperative panoramas, Waters views, and cone-beam computed tomography were performed for all patients. The patients were divided into two groups; those with and those without swelling of the sinus mucosa swelling or air-fluid level in a postoperative Waters view. We analyzed the age and sex of patients, vertical position, angulation, number of roots, and relation to the maxillary sinus between groups. Statistical analysis used logistic regression and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: A total of 91 patients with 153 maxillary third molars were enrolled in the study. Variables significantly related to swelling of the maxillary sinus mucosa after surgical extraction were the age and the distance between the palatal cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the maxillary sinus floor (P<0.05). Results of the analysis show that the relationship between the CEJ and sinus floor was likely to affect postoperative swelling of the maxillary sinus mucosa.

CONCLUSION: Maxillary third molars are anatomically adjacent to the maxillary sinus and require careful handling when the maxillary sinus is pneumatized to the CEJ of teeth.

PMID:37641901 | DOI:10.5125/jkaoms.2023.49.4.192