Nevin Manimala

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2025;104(4):17-21. doi: 10.17116/stomat202510404117.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in periodontal tissue cells of patients with aggressive periodontitis before and after complex treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: An immunohistochemical study of NLR expression (NOD1, NOD2, NLRC3, NLRP3, NLRP7, NLRP12, NAIP) was performed in periodontal tissue samples from patients with aggressive periodontitis before and after complex treatment, as well as in samples of the gingival mucosa of patients with gingival fibroids without signs of inflammation, who served as a control group.

RESULTS: In the control group, NLR expression in the multilayer squamous epithelium of the gingival mucosa was not detected. In patients with aggressive periodontitis, during the exacerbation period, pronounced expression of all studied NLRs was revealed in the inflammatory infiltrate cells of the subepithelial tissues of the periodontal pocket, as well as NOD1, NLRP3, NLRP12 and NAIP in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the cells of the multilayer squamous epithelium of the periodontal pocket. During complex treatment, the expression of most NLRs in epithelial cells persists for 21 days, while it decreases in the inflammatory infiltrate cells of the subepithelial tissues of the periodontal pocket.

CONCLUSION: Statistically significant differences between IHC expression parameters before and after treatment according to the criterion of “inflammatory infiltrate” were found among such receptors as NAIP, NLRP12 and NLRP7.

PMID:40899286 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202510404117

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2025;104(4):7-11. doi: 10.17116/stomat20251040417.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the dental status of patients depending on the presence of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the first time in the Ryazan region 1857 people aged 18 to 89 years were examined. To assess the dental status of patients the CFE (DMFT) index and the OHI-S hygienic index (Green, Vermillion, 1964) were used, the presence of orthopedic structures was noted.

RESULTS: During the examination 1700 (92.34%) patients did not have diseases of the oral mucosa, while 141 (7.66%) had precancerous diseases: leukoplakia, lichen planus, papilloma and papillomatosis of the palate. The highest value of the CFE index was found in women aged 60-74 years, as well as in men and women aged 75-89 years, both among patients with and without precancerous diseases of oral mucosa. When analyzing the data of individual components of the CFE index of patients with precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa, the predominant C index (caries) was identified in the group of men aged 45-59 years, a high value of the F index (filling) was obtained among women aged 18-44 years. There were equally many extracted teeth (an indicator E of the CFE index) in men and women aged 75-89 years, both in the group of patients with precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and in the group of patients without them. A significantly higher number of orthopedic structures were found in patients diagnosed with leukoplakia (44 people – 61.11%). A satisfactory level of hygiene was diagnosed in all age groups of patients with both precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and healthy patients.

CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the study of the dental status, the absence of differences in the CFE index and its individual components, the OHI-S index, and the number of orthopedic structures between groups of patients with and without precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa was obtained and statistically proven. A statistically significant higher number of orthopedic structures was shown in patients diagnosed with leukoplakia in comparison with the group of patients without pathological changes of the oral mucosa.

PMID:40899284 | DOI:10.17116/stomat20251040417

Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2025 Sep;52(3):252-258. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2024.07353. Epub 2025 Jan 21.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of clomiphene citrate on sperm parameters in infertile men diagnosed with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.

METHODS: This randomized controlled trial involved 50 infertile men diagnosed with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia, all of whom had normal serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group (n=25) received a daily dose of 50 mg of clomiphene citrate in tablet form for 3 months, while the second group (n=25) was given a placebo. Sperm concentration, sperm motility, and serum testosterone levels were measured at the start of the study and after 3 months of treatment. Changes in these parameters were then assessed and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the mean sperm count (9.17±4.11 million/mL vs. 13.88±7.27 million/mL), progressive motility (14.67±7.03 vs. 21.42±11.9), total motile sperm count (3.53±3.08 million vs. 7.81±7.10 million), and mean serum testosterone levels (371.97±88.51 ng/dL vs. 805.94±290.77 ng/dL) in the clomiphene citrate group. In contrast, the changes in the placebo group were not significant. Post-treatment severe oligozoospermia was substantially lower in the clomiphene citrate group (odds ratio, 0.31) compared to the placebo group. Additionally, half of the participants in the clomiphene citrate group experienced a statistically significant upgrade in World Health Organization (WHO) sperm concentration categories, versus 27.3% in the placebo group.

CONCLUSION: Clomiphene citrate improves sperm count and motility, leading to upgrades in WHO sperm concentration categories in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.

PMID:40899280 | DOI:10.5653/cerm.2024.07353

Circ Heart Fail. 2025 Sep 3:e013084. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.125.013084. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40899269 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.125.013084

Clin Endosc. 2025 Sep 1. doi: 10.5946/ce.2025.073. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The effectiveness of colonoscopy largely depends on the quality of bowel preparation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used but has certain limitations. This review evaluates whether combining PEG with linaclotide improves preparation efficacy and safety compared with PEG alone.

METHODS: A search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to October 2024. Only randomized controlled trials comparing PEG combined with linaclotide versus PEG alone and reporting adenoma detection rates (ADR) or polyp detection rates (PDR) were included. Mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

RESULTS: A total of eight studies, including 3,071 participants, were included. Pooled analysis indicated that PEG combined with linaclotide was significantly associated with a higher ADR (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28), higher Boston bowel preparation scale score (MD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.02-0.61), and greater willingness to repeat colonoscopy (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.24). Although PDR (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.89-1.24) was numerically higher in the intervention group, the difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, the intervention significantly reduced the incidence of nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain.

CONCLUSIONS: PEG combined with linaclotide is a safe alternative to PEG alone, improving ADR, bowel preparation quality, and patient comfort.

PMID:40899243 | DOI:10.5946/ce.2025.073

Clin Endosc. 2025 Aug 26. doi: 10.5946/ce.2025.072. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is conventionally performed in the prone position (PP). Recent studies have shown that the supine position (SP) is an effective alternative, with comparable success rates. We conducted a meta-analysis to directly compare the safety and efficacy of the two ERCP positions.

METHODS: In line with Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was performed through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan, with results considered significant at p<0.05 and reported as odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs).

RESULTS: Eleven studies (24,285 patients) were included in the final analysis. Procedural success was significantly higher in the PP (OR, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.75; p<0.0004) than the SP. However, no significant difference was observed in procedure times (MD, 0.22; 95% CI, -7.07 to 7.50; p=0.95), number of cardiopulmonary complications (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.47-2.48; p=0.86), or post-ERCP pancreatitis (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.52-2.42; p=0.31) between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The PP demonstrates superior ERCP success compared to the SP, without prolonging procedure time or increasing the risk of adverse events. However, given the comparable procedure times, incidence of adverse events, and increased comfort for both patients and anesthesiologists, the SP may be a suitable alternative for a select group of patients in whom the PP is not feasible, such as those with morbid obesity or recent abdominal surgery.

PMID:40899240 | DOI:10.5946/ce.2025.072

Ann Geriatr Med Res. 2025 Aug 21. doi: 10.4235/agmr.25.0107. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study aimed to reveal demographic data for care-dependent older adults receiving home medical care and to evaluate whether potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescriptions were associated with hospitalization and death.

METHODS: Data of health-care and long-term care insurance claims of older adults aged ≥65 years receiving home medical care of Kure City, Japan in April 2017 were obtained. They included age, sex, recorded diagnosis on medical claims, level of long-term care (LTC) needs, and medication profile. Hospital admissions and deaths were identified between April 2017 and April 2019. Factors associated with hospitalization/death and PIM (≥1 PIM) defined by STOPP-J were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS: A total of 2052 participants (mean age 86.5±7.4 years, female 71.7%) were included. The mean number of prescribed medications was 6.6±4.3. PIM increased as LTC level became severer (8.7% for support level 1 and 2, 22.6% for care level 1 and 2, 26.0% for care level 3 to 5). Among PIM, H2 receptor antagonists were the most common medication (29.0%), followed by antiplatelet agents (22.6%), magnesium oxide (19.4%), non-benzodiazepine sedatives (17.7%), and benzodiazepines (16.8%). On logistic regression analysis, the number of medications, PIM, and care level 1 and 2 were associated with higher likelihood of hospital admission. There was no significant correlation between each PIM and hospital admissions. Regarding death, while age was associated with higher likelihood, female gender and severer level of disability were associated with lower likelihood.

CONCLUSIONS: PIM was prevalent among homebound older adults, suggesting that careful medication review should be conducted especially in those with disability.

PMID:40899229 | DOI:10.4235/agmr.25.0107

Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Aug 1;43(4):592-602. doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2025.2024481.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the osteogenic efficacy of three-dimensional printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) as a scaffold material in guided bone regeneration (GBR).

METHODS: 1) Patients undergoing GBR for alveolar bone defects were enrolled as study subjects, and postoperative healing complications were recorded. 2) Postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans acquired at least 6 months post-surgery were used to calculate the percentage of actual bone formation volume. 3) Alveolar bone specimens were collected during the first-stage implant surgery for histomorphometric analysis. This analysis quantitatively measured the proportions of newly formed bone and newly formed unmineralized bone within the specimens. Specimens were categorized into three groups based on healing complications (good healing group, wound dehiscence group, 3D-PITM exposure group) to compare differences in the proportions of newly formed bone and newly formed unmineralized bone.

RESULTS: 1) Twelve patients were included. Guided bone regeneration failed in one patient, and 3D-PITM exposure occurred in three patients (exposure rate: 25%). 2) The mean percentage of actual bone formation volume in the 11 successful guided bone regeneration cases was 95.23%±28.85%. 3) Histomorphometric analysis revealed that newly formed bone constituted 40.35% of the alveolar bone specimens, with newly formed unmineralized bone accounting for 13.84% of the newly formed bone. Intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the proportions of newly formed bone or newly formed unmineralized bone between the good healing group and the wound dehiscence group or the 3D-PITM exposure group.

CONCLUSIONS: 3D-PITM enables effective bone augmentation. Radiographic assessment demonstrated favorable bone formation volume, while histological analysis confirmed substantial formation of newly formed mineralized bone within the surgical site.

PMID:40899215 | DOI:10.7518/hxkq.2025.2024481

Curr Eye Res. 2025 Sep 2:1-7. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2549289. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Sex hormone changes, often occurring during menopause, are implicated in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and evaporative dry eye disease (DED). This study aimed to evaluate whether menopausal status affects the treatment outcomes of perfluorohexyloctane eye drops.

METHODS: This post hoc analysis used data from a phase 3 trial (NCT05515471) of perfluorohexyloctane eye drops in patients with DED associated with MGD. The efficacy and safety of perfluorohexyloctane compared with 0.6% saline were evaluated within each menopausal status subgroup (premenopausal or postmenopausal), and the interaction between treatment and menopausal status was assessed.

RESULTS: In total, 245 women (94 postmenopausal and 151 premenopausal) were included. In the postmenopausal subgroup, the propensity score weighted least-squares mean differences (LSMD) in changes from baseline to day 57 in total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) score and eye dryness score (EDS) between perfluorohexyloctane and saline were -1.0 (95% CI, -2.0, 0.0) and -7.9 (95% CI, -15.6, -0.2), respectively. In the premenopausal subgroup, the propensity score weighted LSMD in changes from baseline to day 57 in tCFS score and EDS were -1.4 (95% CI, -2.3, -0.5) and -14.0 (95% CI, -20.3, -7.8), respectively. Both subgroups showed improvements in some DED symptoms. No statistically significant interaction was observed between menopausal status and treatment across all measured outcomes. Perfluorohexyloctane was well tolerable in both subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS: Perfluorohexyloctane eye drops improved signs and symptoms of DED associated with MGD and were safe in both postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Further studies are needed to confirm the influence of menopausal status on perfluorohexyloctane efficacy.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05515471.

PMID:40898391 | DOI:10.1080/02713683.2025.2549289

Transplantation. 2025 Sep 3. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000005510. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acceptance of pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) in this part of the world has been slow because of a number of considerations, including those of cost, infections, and the nonavailability of expertise. Despite several obstacles, PLT has seen impressive growth in the recent years. Against a backdrop of this changing landscape of PLT in India, we present our experience of performing 700 PLT over a period of 13 y.

METHODS: All 700 children (<18 y old) who underwent PLT from January 2011 to February 2024 were included in the study. Children were grouped in to group 1 (<5 kg), group 2 (5-10 kg) and group 3 (>10 kg) and survival analysis was performed. The outcomes of PLT performed over the first 7 y were compared with those of the next 6 y, with the aim to present any learning curve/teething troubles that could have presented while setting up the unit.

RESULTS: The overall 90-d, 1-, 5-, and 10-y survivals were 94.2%, 90.4%, 86%, and 85.4%, respectively. The median (interquartile range) follow-up of the entire cohort was 65 mo (16-96 mo). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the 3 weight-based groups or between the 2 eras.

CONCLUSIONS: We present the first report of long-term survival of the largest series of PLT from an emerging nation. Remarkably, with increasing numbers of liver transplantation being performed in the region over the past decade, the focus of care has now shifted from achieving early survival after liver transplantation to long-term follow-up.

PMID:40898390 | DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000005510