Nevin Manimala

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2026 Apr;35(2):219-230. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0005.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Weekly iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation has been implemented in Indonesia to reduce the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anaemia and adherence to weekly IFA supplementation and their associated factors among adolescent girls in senior high schools in two high-stunting-prone areas of Ambon City, Indonesia.

METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted in August-September 2023, involving 645 adolescent girls enrolled at five senior high schools in two high-stunting-prone areas of Ambon City, namely Poka-Rumah Tiga and Laha Village. The dependent variables were anaemia (i.e., haemoglobin level <12 g/dL) and adherence to weekly IFA supplementation (i.e., consumption of one IFA tablet per week). Factors associated with anaemia and adherence to weekly IFA supplementation were examined using logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of 645 ado-lescent girls surveyed, 19.7% had anaemia, and 19.5% consumed weekly IFA tablets. The likelihood of developing anaemia was associated with respondents with a high level of awareness of anaemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-2.57). Adherence to taking weekly IFA tablets increased in those with a high level of awareness of IFA supplementation (aOR = 3.88, 95%CI: 2.46-6.10).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that anaemia among adolescent girls represents a moderate to high public health problem, accompanied by low adherence to weekly IFA supplementation among adolescent girls in these areas. Strengthening school-based supplementation, parental engagement, and supply monitoring could enhance programme effectiveness and inform local health policies in Ambon City and other similar settings in Indonesia.

PMID:41895830 | DOI:10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0005

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2026 Apr;35(2):207-218. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0004.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study explored the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older individuals in China.

METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A total of 2,956 individuals aged 45-74 years were included in the current data analysis, based on a community-based cross-sectional study from Qingdao, China. Data for this study were derived from field surveys conducted from August 2009 to November 2010. Their mean age was 57.2 ± 8.46 years, and 62.4% were women. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted to examine the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms.

RESULTS: Of the participants, 12.4% had depressive symptoms. These participants were younger, were more likely to be smokers, had a higher body mass index, and had lower income and education levels compared with individuals without depressive symptoms. Four dietary patterns were identified: Balanced, Animal-Pickled vegetables, High sugar-Alcohol, and Animal-Seafood-Egg dietary patterns. The Balanced (odds ratio = 0.53, p < 0.01) and Animal-Seafood-Egg (odds ratio = 0.74, p < 0.01) dietary patterns were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas the Animal-Pickled vegetables dietary pattern was positively associated with depressive symptoms. No significant association was observed for the High sugar-Alcohol dietary pattern. Subgroup analysis revealed stronger inverse effects of Balanced and Animal-Seafood-Egg dietary patterns in women younger than 60 years, nonsmokers, and urban residents compared with in their counterparts. Sensitivity analysis confirmed stability across the continuous and quartile-based variables.

CONCLUSIONS: The Balanced and Animal-Seafood-Egg dietary patterns were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, whereas the Animal-Pickled vegetables dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms.

PMID:41895829 | DOI:10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0004

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):101001. doi: 10.1103/8g9h-68ms.

ABSTRACT

The distribution of absorption lines in the spectra of distant quasars, called the Lyman-α (Ly-α) forest, is a unique probe of cosmology and the intergalactic medium at high redshifts and small scales. The statistical power of ongoing redshift surveys demands precise theoretical tools to model the Ly-α forest. We address this challenge by developing an analytic, perturbative forward model to predict the Ly-α forest at the field level for a given set of cosmological initial conditions. Our model shows a remarkable performance when compared with the Sherwood hydrodynamic simulations: it reproduces the Ly-α forest flux power spectrum, its cross-correlation with dark matter halos, and the one-point probability distribution function of both fields at the percent level down to scales of a few Mpc. Our work provides crucial tools that bridge analytic modeling on large scales with simulations on small scales, enabling field-level inference from Ly-α forest data and simulation-based priors for cosmological analyses. This is especially timely for realizing the full scientific potential of the Ly-α forest measurements by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument.

PMID:41894784 | DOI:10.1103/8g9h-68ms

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):105201. doi: 10.1103/48ys-3m6m.

ABSTRACT

The relaxation of many physical systems is constrained by collisions. However, most space and astrophysical plasmas are nearly collisionless, leaving open questions about the pathways of energy transfer and dissipation. In many turbulent plasmas, the electric field takes on the role of energy transfer leading to dissipation. Using measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, we study the statistical properties of the electric field spectrum in the kinetic range of strong turbulence generated by magnetic reconnection in the Earth’s magnetotail. From the inertial to the kinetic range (often called the dissipation range) of scales, we find that turbulent fluctuations develop increasingly non-Gaussian features. The kinetic range contains two regimes with distinct behaviors in the power spectrum and measures of non-Gaussianity. In the subelectron kinetic regime (smaller than the electron gyroradius), the turbulence becomes isotropic and exhibits energy equipartition between the electric field and magnetic field. Our analyses indicate (1) a growing presence of intermittent structures that are expected to lead to enhanced energy dissipation, (2) changes in the electric field dynamics at the transitions between turbulence regimes, and (3) an asymptotic relaxation to a state of energy equipartition in the electromagnetic field in the subelectron kinetic range, where the energy transfer between the magnetic and electric fields appears to be near complete. These results reveal the importance of the electric field in mediating turbulence dissipation and relaxation in collisionless plasmas.

PMID:41894773 | DOI:10.1103/48ys-3m6m

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):108301. doi: 10.1103/ylbh-8v74.

ABSTRACT

We study spatiotemporal chaos in two-dimensional dense active suspensions using a generalized hydrodynamic model. Increasing activity induces a structural transition marked by the formation of intense vortices and giant number fluctuations at the mesoscale. The flow self-organizes into locally polar-ordered regions coexisting with chaotic domains, producing a bimodal velocity distribution and enhanced correlations. This mixed-state morphology underlies the universal statistical behavior observed beyond a critical activity threshold. Reducing the instability timescale yields similar transitions, showing that both activity and instability act as control parameters for pattern formation. An energy-based order parameter derived from the system’s budget quantifies and unifies these structural transitions across the phase space of activity and instability timescales.

PMID:41894768 | DOI:10.1103/ylbh-8v74

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):106501. doi: 10.1103/6bgj-bfdn.

ABSTRACT

Recent experiments reported evidence of superconductivity and reentrant integer quantum anomalous Hall (RIQAH) insulator upon doping the ν_{e}=2/3 fractional quantum anomalous Hall states (FQAHs) in twisted MoTe_{2}, separated by narrow resistive regions. Anyons of an FQAH generally have a finite effective mass and, when described by anyon-flux composite fermions (CFs), experience statistical magnetic fields with a commensurate filling. Here, we show that most of the experimental observations can be explained by invoking the effects of disorder on the Landau-Hofstadter bands of CFs. In particular, by making minimal assumptions about the anyon energetics and dispersion, we show that doping anyons drives plateau transitions of CFs into integer quantum Hall states, which physically corresponds to either a superconductor or to an RIQAH phase. We develop a dictionary that allows us to infer the response in these phases and the critical regions from the knowledge of the response functions of the plateau transitions. In particular, this allows us to relate the superfluid stiffness of the superconductor to the polarizability of CFs. As a first step toward a quantitative understanding, we borrow results from the celebrated integer quantum Hall plateau transitions to make quantitative predictions for the critical behavior of the superfluid stiffness, longitudinal and Hall conductivity, and response to out-of-plane magnetic field, all of which agree reasonably well with the experimental observations. Our results provide strong support for anyon superconductivity being the mechanism for the observed superconductor in the vicinity of the ν_{e}=2/3 FQAH insulator.

PMID:41894760 | DOI:10.1103/6bgj-bfdn

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):100601. doi: 10.1103/8gmb-p619.

ABSTRACT

Estimating partition functions of Ising spin glasses is a cornerstone of statistical physics and computational science, yet it remains classically challenging due to its #P-hard complexity. While Jarzynski’s equality offers a theoretical pathway, its practical application is crippled at low temperatures by rare, divergent statistical fluctuations. Here, we introduce a quantum protocol that overcomes this fundamental limitation by synergizing reverse quantum annealing with optimized nonequilibrium initial distributions. Our method dramatically suppresses the estimator variance, achieving saturation in the low-temperature regime where existing methods fail. Numerical benchmarks on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass and the 3-SAT problem demonstrate that our protocol reduces computational scaling exponents by over an order of magnitude (e.g., from ∼8.5 to ∼0.5), despite retaining exponential system-size dependence. Crucially, our protocol circumvents stringent adiabatic constraints, making it feasible for near-term quantum devices like superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and Rydberg atom arrays. This Letter provides a methodological framework for quantum-enhanced estimation in spin glass thermodynamics and beyond by harnessing nonadiabatic quantum dynamics to address a classically difficult problem.

PMID:41894753 | DOI:10.1103/8gmb-p619

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):107101. doi: 10.1103/bbh8-n8dt.

ABSTRACT

The first-passage time (FPT) of a stochastic signal to a threshold is a fundamental observable across physics, biology, and finance. While renewal shot noise is a canonical model for such signals, analytical results for its FPT have remained confined to the Poisson (Markovian) case, even though non-Poisson arrival statistics are common in systems from neuronal spiking to gene expression. Here, we overcome this long-standing limitation by deriving a universal asymptotic formula for the mean FPT ⟨T_{b}⟩ to reach level b for renewal shot noise with arbitrary arrival statistics and exponential marks. Our central result is a simple, closed-form expression that exposes the physical mechanism by which temporal correlations in arrivals modulate the baseline Arrhenius law. We show that bursty arrivals introduce universal scaling corrections that markedly accelerate threshold crossings. In turn, nonbursty arrivals remain Arrhenius-like, directly linking temporal burstiness to Arrhenius scaling. Furthermore, we show and confirm numerically that the full FPT distribution becomes exponential at large thresholds, implying that ⟨T_{b}⟩ provides a complete asymptotic characterization. Our Letter, enabled by a novel exact expression for the moments of the noise, establishes a general framework for analyzing extreme events in non-Markovian systems with relaxation.

PMID:41894747 | DOI:10.1103/bbh8-n8dt

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2026 Mar 27;35(1):59-66. doi: 10.15403/jgld-6560.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) significantly impact quality of life (QoL), healthcare utilization, and work productivity globally, yet data from Indonesia remain limited. This household face-to-face survey study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of DGBI on psychological distress, dietary habits, QoL, and healthcare utilization among the Indonesian population based on Rome IV criteria.

METHODS: A total of 1,339 Indonesian participants from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of DGBI diagnoses in Indonesia was examined, including age- and sex-specific prevalence rates. Additionally, the association of DGBI with psychological distress (somatization, anxiety, depression), QoL, healthcare utilization, and dietary patterns were assessed.

RESULTS: In Indonesia, the overall prevalence of DGBI was 18.2% (95%CI: 16.2-20.4%). Based on anatomical sites, bowel disorders were most prevalent (13.2%; 95%CI: 11.5-15.1%), followed by gastroduodenal disorders (6.0%; 95%CI: 4.9-7.4%), anorectal disorders (2.0%; 95%CI: 1.4-2.9%), and esophageal disorders (1.9%; 95%CI: 1.2-2.7%). Participants with DGBI (n=244) exhibited significantly higher psychological distress, including increased somatization, anxiety, and depression, as well as lower QoL compared to those without DGBI (n=1,095). Additionally, individuals with DGBI demonstrated significantly higher healthcare utilization rates. Dietary patterns also differed markedly in DGBI participants, characterized by significantly higher consumption of milk and pasta and reduced intake of vegetables, legumes, and rice.

CONCLUSIONS: DGBI represents a significant health burden in Indonesia, substantially impacting psychological well-being, dietary behaviors, healthcare resource utilization, and overall QoL, consistent with global trends.

PMID:41894715 | DOI:10.15403/jgld-6560

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2026 Mar 27;35(1):77-81. doi: 10.15403/jgld-6680.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an established procedure for treatment of biliopancreatic disorders. However, it is associated with a risk of complications, most notably post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Several evidence-based strategies have been shown to reduce this risk. These preventive measures, together with key ERCP quality indicators, are incorporated into international guidelines to enhance procedural safety and facilitate inter-center comparisons. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of Slovak and Czech endoscopists to these recommendations.

METHODS: A voluntary, 20-item cross-sectional survey was conducted among selected ERCP centers in Slovakia and Czechia using a cloud-based platform between January and June 2024.

RESULTS: Twenty-six of 37 ERCP centers (70.3%, 14 from Slovakia and 12 from Czechia) responded to the survey. Post-ERCP pancreatitis and cannulation rates were systematically tracked by 53.8% and 38.5% of centers, respectively, and 42.4% applied objective measures when assessing difficult cannulation. Rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were routinely administered to unselected ERCP patients in 53.9% of centers, while 75% of the remaining centers withheld them from patients with a history of ERCP and prior papillotomy. Indomethacin was the only NSAID used. Only 26.9% of centers employed aggressive hydration according to the recommended protocol. Twelve centers (46.2%) placed prophylactic pancreatic stents during difficult cannulation when the pancreatic duct was accessible, whereas six centers (23.1%) reported using pancreatic stents only rarely. No significant differences were observed between Slovak and Czech centers.

CONCLUSIONS: Current monitoring practices of key ERCP quality indicators in Slovakia and Czechia, such as PEP incidence and cannulation outcomes, fall short of recommended standards. Although most centers apply prophylactic measures, these are not used universally. This underscores the importance of implementing mandatory quality monitoring and promoting further standardization and improvement in preventive practice.

PMID:41894708 | DOI:10.15403/jgld-6680