Nevin Manimala

Glob Public Health. 2022 Aug 7:1-13. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2105377. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Sex workers face different types of sex work-related stigma, which may include anticipated, perceived, experienced, or internalized stigma. Sex work stigma can discourage health care seeking and hamper STI and HIV prevention and treatment efforts. There is a paucity of validated sex work-related stigma measures, and this limits the ability to study the stigma associated with sex work. A cross-sectional survey was conducted that measured anticipated sex work-related stigma among male and female sex workers in Kenya (N = 729). We examined the construct validity and reliability of the anticipated stigma items to establish a conceptually and statistically valid scale. Our analysis supported a 15-item scale measuring five anticipated sex work stigma domains: gossip and verbal abuse from family; gossip and verbal abuse from healthcare workers; gossip and verbal abuse from friends and community; physical abuse; and exclusion. The scale demonstrated good face, content, and construct validity. Reliability was good for all subscales and the overall scale. The scale demonstrated good model fit statistics and good standardized factor loadings. The availability of valid and reliable stigma measures will enhance efforts to characterize and address stigma among sex workers and ultimately support the protection, health and well-being of this vulnerable population.

PMID:35938397 | DOI:10.1080/17441692.2022.2105377

Account Res. 2022 Aug 7. doi: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2110866. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Plagiarism is widely regarded as an issue of low- and middle-income countries because of several factors such as the lack of ethics policy and poor research training. In Morocco, plagiarism and its perception by academics has not been investigated on a large scale. In this study, we evaluated different aspects of plagiarism among students and researchers in all public universities of Morocco based on a 23-questions cross-sectional survey. Factors associated with plagiarism were explored using contingency tables and logistic regression. The survey results covered all public universities (n=12) and included 1,220 responses from undergraduate students (31.4%), followed by PhD students (26.6%), scientific graduates (19%), PhD holders and postdoctoral fellows (12.2%), and lastly university professors (10.7%). The academic level was highly significantly associated with plagiarism (p<0.001). Most respondents that committed plagiarism were respectively scientific graduates (58.2%), PhD students (44.6%), PhD holders and postdoctoral fellows (37.6%), and finally university professors (28.2%). Having publication records was statistically associated with a reduced plagiarism (p=0.002). Notably, the ability of participants to correctly define plagiarism was also highly significantly associated with a reduced plagiarism misconduct (p<0.001 for all). Unintentional plagiarism (p<0.001), time constraint to write an original text (p<0.001), and inability of participants to paraphrase (p<0.001) were associated factors of Moroccan scholars with plagiarism. Moreover, participants that considered plagiarism as a serious issue in academic research had significantly committed less plagiarism (p<0.001). The current study showed that various actionable factors associated with plagiarism can be targeted by educational interventions, and therefore, it provided the rationale to build training programs on research integrity in Morocco.

PMID:35938392 | DOI:10.1080/08989621.2022.2110866

Genet Epidemiol. 2022 Aug 8. doi: 10.1002/gepi.22495. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Polygenic risk scores quantify the individual genetic predisposition regarding a particular trait. We propose and illustrate the application of existing statistical learning methods to derive sparser models for genome-wide data with a polygenic signal. Our approach is based on three consecutive steps. First, potentially informative loci are identified by a marginal screening approach. Then, fine-mapping is independently applied for blocks of variants in linkage disequilibrium, where informative variants are retrieved by using variable selection methods including boosting with probing and stochastic searches with the Adaptive Subspace method. Finally, joint prediction models with the selected variants are derived using statistical boosting. In contrast to alternative approaches relying on univariate summary statistics from genome-wide association studies, our three-step approach enables to select and fit multivariable regression models on large-scale genotype data. Based on UK Biobank data, we develop prediction models for LDL-cholesterol as a continuous trait. Additionally, we consider a recent scalable algorithm for the Lasso. Results show that statistical learning approaches based on fine-mapping of genetic signals result in a competitive prediction performance compared to classical polygenic risk approaches, while yielding sparser risk models.

PMID:35938382 | DOI:10.1002/gepi.22495

J Gastric Cancer. 2022 Jul;22(3):220-234. doi: 10.5230/jgc.2022.22.e25.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has increased in recent years, and the optimal surgical strategy for AEG remains highly controversial. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (PG-DT) for the treatment of patients with AEG.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with Siewert type II/III AEG between January 2013 and July 2018. Clinicopathological characteristics, survival, surgical outcomes, quality of life (QOL), and nutritional status were compared between the PG-DT and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis (TG-RY) groups.

RESULTS: After propensity score matching, 33 patients in each group were analyzed. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. The surgical option was not an independent prognostic factor based on the multivariate analysis. In addition, no differences were found in terms of surgical complications. There were no significant differences in QOL assessed by the Visick grade, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, or endoscopic findings. Furthermore, the long-term nutritional advantage of the PG-DT group was significantly greater than that of the TG-RY group.

CONCLUSIONS: PG-DT is a safe and effective procedure for patients with local Siewert type II/III AEG, regardless of the TNM stage.

PMID:35938368 | DOI:10.5230/jgc.2022.22.e25

J Gastric Cancer. 2022 Jul;22(3):160-168. doi: 10.5230/jgc.2022.22.e21.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the trends of gastric cancer in Korea by adding the latest updated gastric cancer data from 2019. Gastric cancer incidence between 1999 and 2019 was reviewed using data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. The study period was divided into 3 periods: period I (1999-2005), period II (2006-2012), and period III (2013-2019). The incidence, mortality, tumor location, histology, stage, and treatment were analyzed. Between 1999 and 2019, 577,502 patients were newly diagnosed with gastric cancer in Korea, accounting for 33.2% of patients aged ≥70 years. The age-standardized incidence rate (per 100,000) significantly decreased from 2011 (43.0) to 2019 (29.6), with an annual percent change of -4.50. Additionally, the age-standardized mortality rate (per 100,000) markedly decreased from 1999 (23.9) to 2019 (6.7). The proportions of patients with cardia and fundus cancers remained consistent. The proportion of localized stage cases increased, while those of regional and distant stages decreased. The rate of surgical treatment increased in localized and regional stages from 2006 to 2019. The overall 5-year relative survival (5YRS) rate of gastric cancer (per 100,000) increased from 55.7% in period I to 77.0% in period III. From 2013 to 2019, the 5YRS rates of patients (per 100,000) who underwent surgical treatment were 100.6% and 70.5% in the localized and regional stages, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated several changes in the epidemiology of gastric cancer in Korea. This study provides information to help understand the current trends in gastric cancer in Korea.

PMID:35938363 | DOI:10.5230/jgc.2022.22.e21

J Vis Commun Med. 2022 Aug 8:1-11. doi: 10.1080/17453054.2022.2097059. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Technology that delivers an immersive experience in education offers a viable alternative to in-person teaching. This study aims to compare learning from a clinical encounter viewed in a virtual reality 360-degree headset to that of a traditional monitor by quantifying the user experience and testing what was learnt. Furthermore, experiential learning is described as a key concept in simulation practice, and this is explored using transcripts of participants’ experiences with 360-degree video. We could determine no statistical difference between median exam scores between groups (p = 0.25), and there was no correlation found between total immersion and motivational scores with exam performance (Rho = -0.14 p = 0.18, Rho = 0.08 p = 0.31). However, those viewing 360 media reported significantly higher immersion, motivation, and empathy scores (p < 0.05). Domains based upon Kolb’s learning cycle generated themes including engagement, communication, and self-efficacy. 360 video creates an immersive experience with an associated high-value motivational position; however, this could not be translated to an increase in exam scores. There are benefits to perceived learning and emotional content with 360 videos, although, pedagogical theory needs further understanding if educators are to embed new immersive technology in curriculums.

PMID:35938350 | DOI:10.1080/17453054.2022.2097059

Can Assoc Radiol J. 2022 Aug 7:8465371221118072. doi: 10.1177/08465371221118072. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe the radiological findings of adhesive capsulitis due to different etiological factors and reveal that different clues due to different etiological causes should be considered in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. Methods: The study group comprised 24 primary and 22 supraspinatus tendon rupture-related adhesive capsulitis patients with 24 individuals without adhesive capsulitis and with normal shoulder magnetic resonance imaging. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance tests were used to compare the measurements between the groups. Paired sample t-test and Cohen’s kappa statistic were used to determine inter-observer reliability. The chi-squared test was used to determine the relationships between groups and categorical variables. Study participants were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative measurements included the thickness of the humeral and glenoid segment of the joint capsule and the thickness of the anterior joint capsule and the fluid depth within the biceps tendon sheath. The qualitative assessments included the detection of any signal abnormality at the rotator interval, the grading of the humeral and glenoid segment of the joint capsule, and the detection of any signal abnormality in respect of the anterior joint capsule. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the groups of patients with primary adhesive capsulitis and with supraspinatus tear-related adhesive capsulitis in terms of the thickness of the humeral segment of the joint capsule at the axillary recess level (AUC = .729) (P: .006). Furthermore, setting the cutoff value for the thickness of the humeral segment of the capsule to 4.6 mm allowed the differentiation of primary adhesive capsulitis and supraspinatus tear-related adhesive capsulitis with a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 87.3%. Conclusion: In conclusion, the humeral segment of the joint capsule thickness at the axillary recess was found to be affected by different degrees depending on whether it is a primary or supraspinatus tear-related adhesive capsulitis.

PMID:35938344 | DOI:10.1177/08465371221118072

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2022 Aug 12;42(8):949-55. doi: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20210810-k0004.

ABSTRACT

Through collecting the prescriptions for headache treated with acupuncture in Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) till the Qing Dynasty, the literature traceability research is undertaken to determine the extant literature documents with the earliest recorded acupuncture prescriptions and identify the repeated ones in later generations; and then, the acupoint use frequency in the earliest recorded literature of acupuncture prescriptions in the extant documents and acupuncture treatment verses is analyzed separately. It is found that the most of acupoints of high use frequency are overlapped between such two kinds of literature. By integrating and classifying the same or similar contents of acupuncture prescription articles between headache and migraine, the common characteristics and acupoint selections are extracted, the regularity of acupoint selection is explored in view of etiology, complication and affected location, and the attributed fourteen meridians are analyzed statistically in terms of the acupoints in the earliest recorded prescriptions. Finally, the experience of ancient medical masters in acupuncture treatment for headache is obtained.

PMID:35938341 | DOI:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20210810-k0004

J Xray Sci Technol. 2022 Aug 4. doi: 10.3233/XST-221199. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In order to solve the problem of image quality degradation of CT reconstruction under sparse angle projection, we propose to develop and test a new sparse angle CT reconstruction method based on group sparse.

METHODS: In this method, the group-based sparse representation is introduced into the statistical iterative reconstruction framework as a regularization term to construct the objective function. The group-based sparse representation no longer takes a single patch as the minimum unit of sparse representation, while it uses Euclidean distance as a similarity measure, thus it divides similar patch into groups as basic units for sparse representation. This method fully considers the local sparsity and non-local self-similarity of image. The proposed method is compared with several commonly used CT image reconstruction methods including FBP, SART, SART-TV and GSR-SART with experiments carried out on Sheep_Logan phantom and abdominal and pelvic images.

RESULTS: In three experiments, the visual effect of the proposed method is the best. Under 64 projection angles, the lowest RMSE is 0.004776 and the highest VIF is 0.948724. FSIM and SSIM are all higher than 0.98. Under 50 projection angles, the index of the proposed method remains achieving the best image quality.

CONCLUSION: Qualitative and quantitative results of this study demonstrate that this new proposed method can not only remove strip artifacts, but also effectively protect image details.

PMID:35938282 | DOI:10.3233/XST-221199

Work. 2022 Aug 5. doi: 10.3233/WOR-211034. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Students spend a high number of hours being seated while at school. In order to find the correct adjustment between school furniture and the anthropometric characteristics, specific knowledge and tools are necessary.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the measurers with different instruments, as well as contrast the differences between the values that were obtained by the different examiners.

METHODS: Measurements were taken independently by one expert examiner and two inexperienced teachers from the school. They used a measuring tape, a segmometer and an anthropometer for the anthropometric measurements. The statistical tests conducted: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Bland and Altman method, Standard Error of Measurement, Technical Error of Measurement and relative TEM with a level of significance of ρ ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS: A total of 108 students (8.87±1.67 years; 40.7% girls) participated in the study. The non-expert measurers had good accuracy and reliability, but they far exceeded the error percentages of the expert, obtaining the worst results in the shoulder measurement. The instrument with the lowest affinity between the inexperienced measurers was the anthropometerCONCLUSIONS:In order to assign furniture in the schools, the experts should continue using the anthropometer. The inexperienced measurers can use more accessible instruments in the school environment such as a measuring tape and segmometer.

PMID:35938277 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-211034