Nevin Manimala

Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2023 Apr 14. doi: 10.2174/1573397119666230414103624. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by pooling the evidence from all available studies. Potentially eligible studies were identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to April 2021 employing a search strategy that consisted of terms for “Rheumatoid Arthritis” and “Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease”. Eligible studies for the meta-analysis were recruited with conditions of being cohort studies that included rheumatoid arthritis and without rheumatoid arthritis individuals. Together with this, prevalence of GERD in both groups and the odds ratio (OR) comparing the prevalence of GERD between the two cohorts have been reported. The retrieved point estimates with standard errors from each study were pooled into the final result by the random-effect model and generic inverse variance method as described by DerSimonian and Laird.

RESULTS: A total of 3,646 articles were identified. After two rounds of independent review by two investigators, five cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis as they met the eligibility criteria. The pooled analysis demonstrated a significant association between RA and GERD with the pooled odds ratio of 1.98 (95% CI, 1.49 – 2.65). High statistical heterogeneity with I2 of 83% was observed. The funnel plot was symmetric and publication bias was not observed.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association between GERD and RA.

PMID:37066776 | DOI:10.2174/1573397119666230414103624

Med Chem. 2023 Apr 14. doi: 10.2174/1573406419666230414144825. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: 1, 8-naphthimide is a novel tumor inhibitor targeting nuclear DNA, which makes it applicable to the design and development of anti-osteosarcoma drugs.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to establish a satisfactory model based on 1, 8-naphthimide derivatives that makes reliable prediction as DNA-targeted chemotherapy agents for osteosarcoma.

METHOD: All compounds are constructed using ChemDraw software and subsequently optimized using Sybyl software. COMSIA method is used to construct QSAR model with the optimized compound in Sybyl software package. A series of new 1, 8-naphthalimide derivatives are designed and their IC50 values are predicted using the QSAR model. Finally, the newly designed compounds are screened according to IC50 values, and molecular docking experiments are conducted on the top ten compounds of IC50.

RESULTS: The COMSIA model shows that q2 is 0.529 and the optimum number of components is 6. The model has a high r2 value of 0.993 and a low SEE of 0.033, with the F value and the r2 predicted to be 495.841 and 0.996 respectively. The statistical results and verification results of the model are satisfactory. In addition, analyzing the contour maps is conducive to finding the structural requirements.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study can provide guidance for medical chemists and other related workers to develop targeted chemotherapy drugs for osteosarcoma.

PMID:37066772 | DOI:10.2174/1573406419666230414144825

Schizophr Bull. 2023 Apr 17:sbac209. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbac209. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is among the most persistent and debilitating mental health conditions worldwide. The American Psychological Association (APA) has identified 10 psychosocial treatments with evidence for treating schizophrenia and these treatments are typically provided in person. However, in-person services can be challenging to access for people living in remote geographic locations. Remote treatment delivery is an important option to increase access to services; however, it is unclear whether evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia are similarly effective when delivered remotely.

STUDY DESIGN: The current study consists of a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the evidence-base for remote-delivery of each of the 10 APA evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia.

RESULTS: Of the 10 treatments examined, only cognitive remediation (CR), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and family psychoeducation had more than 2 studies examining their efficacy for remote delivery. Remote delivery of CBT produced moderate effects on symptoms (g = 0.43) and small effects on functioning (g = 0.26). Remote delivery of CR produced small-moderate effects on neurocognition (g = 0.35) and small effects on functioning (g = 0.21). There were insufficient studies of family psychoeducation with equivalent outcome measures to assess quantitatively, however, studies of remotely delivered family psychoeducation suggested that it is feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the evidence-base for remotely delivered treatment for schizophrenia is limited. Studies to date suggest that remote adaptations may be effective; however, more rigorous trials are needed to assess efficacy and methods of remote delivery that are most effective.

PMID:37066769 | DOI:10.1093/schbul/sbac209

J Adv Nurs. 2023 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/jan.15677. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To describe nurses’ perceptions of family nursing practice and to explore the influence of their perceptions of the benefits, barriers and activities of family engagement in care on family nursing practice.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional correlational study.

METHODS: In total, 460 nurses from two tertiary hospitals in the central region of Uganda participated. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected between August 2020 and January 2021 using the Family Nursing Practice Scale. Analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and ordinal logistics regression. Quantitative content analysis was carried out on the textual data.

RESULTS: Nurses who perceived that family engagement in care improves patient and family outcomes were more likely to rate family nursing practice highly. Perceived barriers to family engagement in care particularly time constraints, work overload and family-related conflicts have a negative and significant influence on family nursing practice. Nurse characteristics such as education, usual shift pattern and personal experience of having a family member in hospital are significantly associated with family nursing practice; nurses who work morning shifts were likely to report higher family nursing practice.

CONCLUSION: The study reveals that several parameters (perceived barriers, perceived benefits and nurse characteristics) influence nursing practice with families. Thus, bearing in mind the diversity of healthcare contexts, the findings show that multiple interacting factors are important for advancing family nursing interventions and practice.

IMPACT: Probabilistic factor-specific predictions of nursing practice with families are provided in this study – this addresses a gap in the evidence regarding the elements that should be optimized when designing well-informed policies and interventions to advance family nursing practice. A comparison of results in the literature with the present study’s findings suggests a need to broaden the scope and context perspective in future research and broaden the understanding of how nurses´ perceptions influence family engagement in care.

REPORTING METHOD: The study adheres to the STROBE reporting guidelines.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Family members/caregivers were involved in the design of the study particularly in assessment of validation of the tools used in the study.

PMID:37066738 | DOI:10.1111/jan.15677

Ophthalmic Genet. 2023 Apr 17:1-6. doi: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2194494. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To comprehend the etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR), it is crucial to clarify the genetic susceptibility factors for DR. Previous studies have reported that five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs9362054 (near the CEP162 gene), rs1990145 (MRPL19), rs10519765 (FMN1), rs237025 (SUMO4) and rs767649 (MIR155HG) were associated with DR. This study was conducted to elucidate the association between the five SNPs and DR in a Chinese Han population.

METHODS: A total of 957 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including diabetes mellitus without retinopathy (DNR = 478), nonproliferative DR (NPDR = 384) and proliferative (PDR = 95) were recruited in this study. SNPs were genotyped using the Mass ARRAY MALDI-TOF system. The genotype and allele frequencies were determined using χ² tests. For genotype and allele risk, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Four genetic models (homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, and recessive) were used to further investigate the link between the five SNPs and DR.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference of CEP162 rs9362054 between NPDR and DNR (P = .027, OR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.03-1.54) and a significant association of SUMO4 rs237025 detected between PDR and DNR (P = .031, OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.03-2.02). The association of CEP162 rs9362054 was also observed under the dominant mode (P = .03, OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.03-1.77). The association of SUMO4 rs237025 was found under the heterozygous model (P = .03, OR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.06-2.69) and the dominant model (P = .02, OR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.08-2.67). No associations of the other three SNPs with NPDR and PDR were detected when compared with DNR under these genetic models.

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that rs9362054 and rs237025 were associated with NPDR and PDR when compared with DNR, suggesting that SUMO4 may be involved in the development of PDR, while CEP162 may be associated with NPDR.

PMID:37066695 | DOI:10.1080/13816810.2023.2194494

J Intellect Disabil Res. 2023 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/jir.13033. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit deficits in static and dynamic balance abilities and maladaptive functions. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dance movement therapy (DMT) group intervention in individuals with DS.

METHODS: The 31 participating individuals with DS, aged 5-29 years, were randomly divided into intervention (n = 16) and control (n = 15) groups. Posturography was used for static balance measurement, timed up and go test for dynamic balance measurement and the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) questionnaire for adaptive function and behavioural problem measurement in participants before and after the DMT interventions. The intervention group underwent 60-min DMT intervention once a week for 10 times, while the control group had usual daily activities.

RESULTS: The results revealed a statistically significant difference and large effect sizes in dynamic balance [(f(1, 29) = 4.52, P = 0.04, η_p² = 0.14)] in the intervention group compared with the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in static balance and ASEBA scores between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the DMT interventions helped to improve the dynamic balance in individuals with DS.

PMID:37066677 | DOI:10.1111/jir.13033

J Intellect Disabil Res. 2023 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/jir.13031. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aim to investigate the relationship between bone mass in a sample of Brazilian individuals with DS and handgrip strength, body mass index (BMI) and physical exercise.

METHODS: Dual-energy X-ray emission densitometry analysis of bone mass in 26 individuals with DS (8 men and 18 women with a mean age of 30.7 ± 10.3 years) was conducted. Additionally, weight and height were measured to determine BMI, palmar grip strength was measured using a Jammar dynamometer®, and physical activity was classified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

RESULTS: In this sample, 2/15 (13.3%) individuals with age between 18 to 29 years had low BMD in the spine; 2/8 (25%) of those with age between 30 and 39 years also had low BMD in the spine and 2/3 (66.6%) with age ≥40 had low BMD in the femur. There were significant correlations between palmar grip strength and Z femoral neck score in women (P = 0.02) and between BMI and Z femoral neck score in men (P = 0.04). All other correlations lacked statistical significance (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian patients with DS showed a high prevalence of low bone mass. Traditional factors such as muscle strength, BMI and physical activity appear to have little effect on bone mineral density in this population.

PMID:37066674 | DOI:10.1111/jir.13031

J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2023 Apr 17:17531934231166343. doi: 10.1177/17531934231166343. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study primarily aimed to report the outcome of the arthroscopic cancellous bone grafting technique for treating scaphoid nonunion. The secondary aim was to compare the bone union rate and time, and the ability to correct the angulation of the scaphoid, between arthroscopically treated patients (n = 27), and patients treated with open cancellous bone grafting (n = 27). Nine surgeons (two in the arthroscopic and seven in the open group) with Level III experience operated on the patients. The pain score, grip strength and Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score improved significantly after the arthroscopic treatment (p = 0.0001). Arthroscopic cancellous bone grafting achieved union in 25 out of 27 patients. A retrospective comparison with open cancellous bone grafting showed four nonunions. Arthroscopically treated patients healed 5.4 weeks faster compared with the open group (p = 0.033). Patients treated with open grafting had a higher risk of failure (odds ratio = 2.17), although this was not found significant (p = 0.39). The open method corrected the angulation deformity better (dorsal cortical angle correction of 4°) than the arthroscopic method (dorsal cortical angle correction of 1°), but this was not statistically significant neither within the groups (p = 0.55, p = 0.87) nor postoperatively between the groups (p = 0.98). The height-to-length ratio was not different before and after the surgery for the arthroscopic group (p = 0.44) and the open group (p = 0.27), or postoperatively between the groups (p = 0.44).Level of evidence: III.

PMID:37066665 | DOI:10.1177/17531934231166343

BJPsych Open. 2023 Apr 17;9(3):e71. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2023.47.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Both stroke and psychosis are independently associated with high levels of disability. However, psychosis in the context of stroke has been under-researched. To date, there are no general population studies on their joint prevalence and association.

AIMS: To estimate the joint prevalence of stroke and psychosis and their statistical association using nationally representative psychiatric epidemiology studies from two high-income countries (the UK and the USA) and two middle-income countries (Chile and Colombia) and, subsequently, in a combined-countries data-set.

METHOD: Prevalences were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical associations between stroke and psychosis and between stroke and psychotic symptoms were tested using regression models. Overall estimates were calculated using an individual participant level meta-analysis on the combined-countries data-set. The analysis is available online as a computational notebook.

RESULTS: The overall prevalence of probable psychosis in stroke was 3.81% (95% CI 2.34-5.82) and that of stroke in probable psychosis was 3.15% (95% CI 1.94-4.83). The odds ratio of the adjusted association between stroke and probable psychosis was 3.32 (95% CI 2.05-5.38). On the individual symptom level, paranoia, hallucinated voices and thought passivity delusion were associated with stroke in the unadjusted and adjusted analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: Rates of association between psychosis and stroke suggest there is likely to be a high clinical need group who are under-researched and may be poorly served by existing services.

PMID:37066638 | DOI:10.1192/bjo.2023.47

BJPsych Open. 2023 Apr 17;9(3):e69. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2023.46.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is the only non-pharmacological, treatment for dementia recommended by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, following multiple international trials demonstrating beneficial cognitive outcomes in people with mild-to-moderate dementia. However, there is limited understanding of whether treatment prognosis is influenced by sociodemographic and clinical variables (such as dementia subtype and gender), information which could inform clinical decision-making.

AIM: We describe the protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis assessing the prognostic factors related to CST. In publishing this protocol, we hope to increase the transparency of our work, and keep healthcare professionals aware of the latest evidence for effective CST.

METHOD: A systematic review will be conducted with searches of the bibliographic databases Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO, from inception to 7 February 2023. Studies will be included if they are clinical trials of CST, use the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Subscale (gold-standard measure of cognition in dementia in clinical trials) and include participants with mild-to-moderate dementia. Following harmonisation of the data-set, mixed-effect models will be constructed to explore the relationship between the prognostic indicators and change scores post-treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first individual patient data meta-analyses on CST, and has the potential to significantly optimise patient care. Previous analyses suggest people with advanced dementia could benefit more from CST treatment. Given that CST is currently used post-diagnosis in people with mild-to-moderate dementia, the implications of confirming this finding, among identifying other prognostic indicators, are profound.

PMID:37066632 | DOI:10.1192/bjo.2023.46