Nevin Manimala

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2023 Mar 12. doi: 10.1111/clr.14063. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To develop and assess the performance of a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-driven convolutional neural network (CNN)-based tool for automated three-dimensional (3D) maxillary alveolar bone segmentation on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 141 CBCT scans were collected for performing training (n=99), validation (n=12) and testing (n=30) of the CNN model for automated segmentation of the maxillary alveolar bone and its crestal contour. Following automated segmentation, the 3D models with under- or over-estimated segmentations were refined by an expert for generating a refined-AI (R-AI) segmentation. The overall performance of CNN model was assessed. Also, 30% of the testing sample was randomly selected and manually segmented to compare the accuracy of AI and manual segmentation. Additionally, the time required to generate a 3D model was recorded in seconds (s).

RESULTS: The accuracy metrics of automated segmentation showed an excellent range of values for all accuracy metrics. However, the manual method (95% HD: 0.20±0.05 mm; IoU: 95%±3.0; DSC: 97%±2.0) showed slightly better performance than the AI segmentation (95% HD: 0.27±0.03 mm; IoU: 92%±1.0; DSC: 96%±1.0). There was a statistically significant difference of the time-consumed amongst the segmentation methods (p<0.001). The AI-driven segmentation (51.5±10.9s) was 116 times faster than the manual segmentation (5973.3±623.6s). The R-AI method showed intermediate time-consumed (1666.7±588.5s).

CONCLUSION: Although the manual segmentation showed slightly better performance, the novel CNN-based tool also provided a highly accurate segmentation of the maxillary alveolar bone and its crestal contour consuming 116 times less than the manual approach.

PMID:36906917 | DOI:10.1111/clr.14063

Vet Rec. 2023 Mar 12:e2787. doi: 10.1002/vetr.2787. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify complications associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in dogs.

METHODS: This was a prospective, observational multicentre study using data collected from 102 dogs undergoing CSF collection for the investigation of neurological disease. CSF was collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern (CMC), lumbar subarachnoid space (LSAS) or both sites. Pre-, intra- and postprocedural data were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed to outline complications associated with CSF collection.

RESULTS: CSF sampling was attempted on 108 occasions, and CSF was acquired on 100 occasions (92.6%). Collection from the CMC was more likely to be successful than that from the LSAS. No dogs exhibited neurologic deterioration following CSF collection. There was no significant difference between pre- and post-CSF collection short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scores in ambulatory dogs (p = 0.13).

LIMITATIONS: The scarcity of complications limited the ability to quantify the incidence of some potential complications reported elsewhere.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results may be used to inform clinicians and owners that CSF sampling is associated with a low frequency of complications when performed by trained personnel.

PMID:36906911 | DOI:10.1002/vetr.2787

J Phys Chem B. 2023 Mar 12. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08976. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Following a recently reformulated Gibbs’ statistical chemical thermodynamic theory on discrete state space, we present a treatment on statistical measurements of random mechanical motions in continuous space. In particular, we show how the concept of temperature and an ideal gas/solution law arise from a statistical analysis of a collection of independent and identically distributed complex particles without relying on Newtonian mechanics, nor the very concept of mechanical energy. When sampling from an ergodic system, the data ad infinitum limit elucidates how the entropy function characterizes randomness among measurements with the emergence of a novel energetic representation for the statistics and an internal energy additivity. This generalization of Gibbs’ theory is applicable to statistical measurements on single living cells and other complex biological organisms, one individual at a time.

PMID:36906869 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08976

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2023 Mar 12. doi: 10.1007/s40368-023-00790-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We compared the effect of an educational pamphlet and a mobile application regarding prevention and emergency management of sport-related traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) on knowledge and self-reported preventive practice of 11-17-year-old Karate and Taekwondo athletes.

METHODS: Participants were invited through an online link published by the Public Relations of the corresponding federations. They completed an anonymous questionnaire consisting of demographics, self-reported experience of TDIs, knowledge of emergency management of TDIs, self-reported preventive practice of TDIs, and the reason for not using mouthguard. The respondents were randomly allocated to pamphlet or mobile application group with the same content. Three months after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by the athletes again. Repeated measures ANOVA and a linear regression model served for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: In pamphlet group, 51 athletes and in mobile application group 57 athletes completed both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. At baseline, the mean score was 1.98 ± 1.20 and 1.82 ± 1.24 (out of 7) for the knowledge and 3.70 ± 1.64 and 3.33 ± 1.95 (out of 7) for practice in the pamphlet and application group, respectively. In 3-month follow-up, the mean score of knowledge and self-reported practice was significantly higher compared to baseline in both groups (p < 0.001) with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.83 and p = 0.58, respectively). Most of the athletes were very satisfied or satisfied with both types of the educational intervention.

CONCLUSION: Both pamphlet and mobile application seem to be useful to improve awareness and practice regarding TDI prevention in adolescent athletes.

PMID:36906868 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-023-00790-6

Nutr Clin Pract. 2023 Mar 12. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10976. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We conducted an umbrella review to summarize the existing evidence on the effect of early enteral nutrition (EEN) compared with other approaches, including delayed enteral nutrition (DEN), parenteral nutrition (PN), and oral feeding (OF) on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. We performed a systematic search up to December 2021, in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science. We included systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMAs) of randomized trials investigating EEN compared with DEN, PN, or OF for any clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. We used “A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews” (AMSTAR2) and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for assessing the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and their included trial, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the “Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation” (GRADE) approach. We included 45 eligible SRMAs contributing with a total of 103 randomized controlled trials. The overall meta-analyses showed that patients who received EEN had statistically significant beneficial effects on most outcomes compared with any control (ie, DEN, PN, or OF), including mortality, sepsis, overall complications, infection complications, multiorgan failure, anastomotic leakage, length of hospital stay, time to flatus, and serum albumin levels. No statistically significant beneficial effects were found for risk of pneumonia, noninfectious complications, vomiting, wound infection, as well as number of days of ventilation, intensive care unit days, serum protein, and pre-serum albumin levels. Our results indicate that EEN may be preferred over DEN, PN, and OF because of the beneficial effects on many clinical outcomes.

PMID:36906848 | DOI:10.1002/ncp.10976

J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2023 Mar 11:enad002. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enad002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

READY is a self-report prospective longitudinal study of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) young people aged 16 to 19 years on entry. Its overarching aim is to explore the risk and protective factors for successful transition to adulthood. This article introduces the cohort of 163 DHH young people, background characteristics and study design. Focusing on self-determination and subjective well-being only, those who completed the assessments in written English (n = 133) score significantly lower than general population comparators. Sociodemographic variables explain very little of the variance in well-being scores; higher levels of self-determination are a predictor of higher levels of well-being, outweighing the influence of any background characteristics. Although women and those who are LGBTQ+ have statistically significantly lower well-being scores, these aspects of their identity are not predictive risk factors. These results add to the case for self-determination interventions to support better well-being amongst DHH young people.

PMID:36906841 | DOI:10.1093/deafed/enad002

Int J Fertil Steril. 2023 Feb 1;17(2):151. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2023.701928.

ABSTRACT

In this article published in Int J Fertil Steril, Vol 16, No 2, April-June 2022, Pages: 90-94, the authors found that this sentence “Also, AMH level was not statistically significantly different after PRP treatment (0.38 ± 0.039) in comparison with before of treatment (0.39 ± 0.04, Fig.1C)” was incorrect. The corrected one is “Also, AMH level was not significantly different before PRP treatment (0.38 ± 0.039) in comparison with after of treatment (0.39 ± 0.04, Fig.1C)” in the first paragraph of the result section.<br />The authors would like to apologies for any inconvenience caused.

PMID:36906834 | DOI:10.22074/ijfs.2023.701928

Int J Fertil Steril. 2023 Feb 1;17(2):145-150. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2022.543827.1231.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In unicornuate uterus cases, when the rudimentary horn is very close to the uterus and is firmly attached, laparoscopic surgery can be very challenging due to the danger of massive bleeding and the possiblity of damaging the healthy hemiuterus. The aim of study is to verify if the laparoscopic resection of the horn site of hematometra, when solidly attached to the unicornuate uterus, is safe and effective.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in a tertiary referral centre. From 2005 to 2021, a total of 19 women were diagnosed with unicornuate uterus with cavitated noncommunicating horn (class II B). We reviewed the original documentations of the patients and created a database. The follow-up results were assessed by questionnaires answered by the patients. In all cases, the chosen treatment was: laparoscopic removal of the rudimentary horn together with the ipsilateral salpinx and reconstruction of the myometrium of the hemiuterus. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 was used to perform data analysis. We decided to calculate continuous variables in terms of mean and standard deviation (SD) or as median and interquartile range (IQR), as appropriate. Instead, categorical variables were expressed in terms of percentage.

RESULTS: Five patients (12-18 years old) with unicornuate uterus and rudimentary horn with hematometra and broadly connected to the hemiuterus were operated laparoscopically. The surgical procedure was successfull in all cases. No major complications were recorded. Postoperative course was uneventfull. In the follow-up in all cases dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain disappeared. Three patients sought to become pregnant and have children. They had in total 4 pregnancies with 2 abortions in the 1st trimester and two pregnancies with premature births at the 34^th and 36^th weeks. No serious gestational complications were recorded and the pregnancies ended with caesarean sections due to breech presentation.

CONCLUSION: Overall, for the rudimentary horn solidly attached to the unicornuate uterus, the laparoscopic resection of the horn site of hematometra seems to be safe and effective.

PMID:36906833 | DOI:10.22074/ijfs.2022.543827.1231

Int J Fertil Steril. 2023 Feb 1;17(2):133-139. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2022.550429.1275.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) that is any irregularity in menstrual cycles causes women to refer to clinics. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and complications of endometrial ablation by the thermal balloon (Cavaterm) method with the hysteroscopy loop resection method in the treatment of AUB.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is an open-label, randomized clinical trial that was performed in the two hospitals, Shahid Akbarabadi and Hazrat Rasoul Akram, of Tehran, Iran, from December 2019 to October 2020. Patients were randomly allocated to the two groups of interventions by a simple randomization method. The proportion of amenorrhea (as primary outcome) and consequent hysterectomy and patient satisfaction (as secondary outcomes) was assessed using the Chi-square test and independent t test.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the baseline characteristics. The percentage of intervention failure was statistically higher in the hysteroscopy group (24%) in comparison with the Cavaterm group [8.2%, P=0.03, relative risk (RR)=1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-2.36]. Mean ± standard deviation of satisfaction based on the Likert score in the Cavaterm group and hysteroscopy group were 4.3 ± 1.21 and 3.7 ± 1.56, respectively, that showed a significant difference (P=0.04). Assessing the procedural complications, the rate of spotting, bloody discharge, and malodor discharge was significantly higher in the Cavaterm group. In contrast, postoperative dysmenorrhea is more common in the hysteroscopy group.

CONCLUSION: Cavaterm ablation is accompanied by a higher success rate of amenorrhea and patients’ satisfaction than hysteroscopy ablation (registration number: IRCT20220210053986N1).

PMID:36906831 | DOI:10.22074/ijfs.2022.550429.1275

Int J Fertil Steril. 2023 Feb 1;17(2):115-119. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2022.535676.1169.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), sometimes called noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS), is a non-invasive prenatal genetic test using cell-free DNA in maternal blood. This method is used to diagnose fetal aneuploidy disorders such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) and Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), which causes disability disorders or significant postpartum defects. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between high and low fetal fraction (FF) and prognosis of maternal pregnancy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, after obtaining informed consent, 10 ml of blood was collected from 450 mothers with singleton pregnancies with gestational age above 11 weeks (11-16) at the request of NIPT for cell-free DNA BCT test. After obtaining the test results, maternal and embryonic results were evaluated based on the amount of non-cellular DNA FF. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 21 and independent t test, chi-square statistical tests.

RESULTS: Based on test results, 20.5% of women were nulli par. The mean FF index in the studied women was 8.3% with a standard deviation of 4.6. The minimum and maximum values were 0 and 27, respectively. The frequency of normal, low and high FFs was 73.2, 17.3 and 9.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: High FF has fewer risks to the mother and fetus than low FF. The use of FF level (high or low) can help us determining the prognosis of pregnancy and using it to better manage the pregnancy.

PMID:36906828 | DOI:10.22074/ijfs.2022.535676.1169