Nevin Manimala

Psychogeriatrics. 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12966. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Research has linked increased cognitive decline in a dementia care recipient to worsening caregiver burden, but the presence of positive aspects of caregiving is associated with better outcomes. As cognitive decline worsens, a lack of positive caregiving experiences could lead to burden for the caregiver. This study investigated relationships among dementia caregiver burden, cognitive decline, and positive aspects of caregiving in dementia, predicting an indirect effect of positive aspects of caregiving.

METHODS: Data from 724 patients of an outpatient memory clinic in Ohio were examined and dyads included based on clinically supported patient diagnoses on the dementia spectrum. Caregivers completed the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) measures. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination were used to estimate cognitive decline, standardized to create a single variable. Multiple potential covariates were considered for inclusion in the model. A cross-sectional mediation analysis using the Hayes PROCESS macro explored the presence of an indirect effect of PAC on the relationship between cognitive decline and ZBI using 5000 bootstrap samples.

RESULTS: Only the potential covariate caregiver age was correlated with any of the primary variables; this variable was controlled in analyses. Significant relationships emerged between cognitive decline and ZBI (r = -0.12, P < 0.001), between PAC and ZBI (r = -0.23, P < 0.001), and between cognitive decline and PAC (r = -0.07, P < 0.05). An indirect effect of positive aspects of caregiving on the relationship between cognitive decline and ZBI was statistically significant (B = 0.0092, 95% bias-corrected confidence interval: 0.0008, 0.0185), accounting for 14.4% of the variance in the model.

CONCLUSIONS: A lack of positive aspects of caregiving could be partially responsible for development of dementia caregiver burden as cognitive decline worsens. Longitudinal examination of these relationships is needed to understand causality fully. Findings may help healthcare providers tailor treatment to alleviate caregiver burden.

PMID:37039090 | DOI:10.1111/psyg.12966

J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2023 Apr 11:1-20. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2199971. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the role and influence of apraxia regarding dementia severity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, to examine whether apraxia or its association to dementia severity show distinct characteristics between typical and atypical variants of AD, that commonly include frontal, logopenic, posterior, and Down’s syndrome variant.

METHOD: The search conducted on 4 December 2020 in the Cinahl, Ovid Medline, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases yielded 251 non-duplicate records published since 2000. Ten records examining the association between Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores and apraxia in AD were included in the review.

RESULTS: Dementia severity was related to apraxia in AD, and the prevalence and severity of apraxia increased as dementia progressed. Constructional, ideomotor (imitation of meaningless gestures), orofacial, speech, gait, and total praxis, including constructional, ideomotor, and ideational praxis, tasks differentiated dementia severity in AD. In the atypical variants of AD apraxia occurred frequently but because of the small number of participants, no statistical analyses were available.

CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the need for extensive assessment of AD severity, and praxis assessment throughout the disease course. Apraxia affects the independent functioning and communication of the patient, tool use, and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Apraxia occurs frequently in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, and apraxia assessment has shown to differentiate AD from other neurodegenerative diseases, particularly frontotemporal dementia. Thus, apraxia assessment serves in recognizing the atypical variants of AD as well.

PMID:37039061 | DOI:10.1080/13803395.2023.2199971

Acute Med. 2023;22(1):33-38. doi: 10.52964/AMJA.0931.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Assessment of ultrasound use for peripheral intravenous cannulation among acute care nurses and physicians.

METHODS: Over a population of 17,437, the calculated sample size of respondents required was 376.

RESULTS: A total of 388 health professionals; 249 (64.2%) physicians and 139 (35.8%) nurses completed the entire questionnaire. 166 (45.2%) used ultrasound for intravenous cannulation. A statistically significant difference favored physicians’ ultrasound use (p<0.001). Respondents with less than 10 years of clinical practice used ultrasound significantly more (p<0.001). The main reported obstacle among users was the lack of time.

CONCLUSION: This survey revealed the gap between the current recommendations for ultrasound use for peripheral intravenous cannulation and the actual practices. Efforts should be made to develop specific training using ultrasound.

PMID:37039054 | DOI:10.52964/AMJA.0931

Future Oncol. 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.2217/fon-2022-0959. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aim: Assess the real-world effectiveness of systemic anticancer therapy in advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study linking routine healthcare data with systemic anticancer therapy prescriptions for patients starting immunotherapy or targeted treatments between 1 November 2010 and 31 December 2017 in the west of Scotland. Results: Among 362 patients identified, median overall survival varied between 18.5 months (95% CI: 14.4-not estimable) for ipilimumab/nivolumab combination and 5.6 months (95% CI: 4.5-7.3) for dabrafenib, but there were differences in the characteristics of each regimen cohort. Raised lactate dehydrogenase levels and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2 negatively impacted overall survival. Conclusion: The patients had a shorter median overall survival than those in pivotal trials. This was expected, given that this real-world cohort included patients with poorer prognostic indicators, typically excluded from trials.

PMID:37039001 | DOI:10.2217/fon-2022-0959

Eur J Cancer Prev. 2023 Apr 10. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000806. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We estimated cancer mortality statistics for the current year in seven major Latin American countries.

METHODS: We retrieved official death certification data and population figures from the WHO and the United Nations databases for the 1970-2020 calendar period. We considered mortality from all neoplasms combined and for 10 major cancer sites. We estimated the number of deaths and age-standardized mortality rates for the year 2023.

RESULTS: Age-standardized mortality rates for all cancers combined are predicted to decline in all countries, in both sexes, apart from Venezuelan women. The lowest predicted total cancer mortality rates are in Mexico, 69.8/100 000 men and 62.5/100 000 women. The highest rates are in Cuba with 133.4/100 000 men and 90.2/100 000 women. Stomach cancer is predicted to decline steadily in all countries considered, but remains the first-ranking site for men in Chile (14.3/100 000) and Colombia (11/100 000). Colorectal cancer rates also tended to decline but remain comparatively high in Argentina (14/100 000 men). Breast cancer rates were high in Argentinian women (16.5/100 000) though they tended to decline in all countries. Lung cancer mortality rates are also predicted to decline, however, rates remain exceedingly high in Cuba (30.5/100 000 men and 17.2/100 000 women) as opposed to Mexico (5.6/100 000 men and 3.2/10 000 women). Declines are also projected for cancer of the uterus, but rates remain high, particularly in Argentina and Cuba (10/100 000 women), and Venezuela (13/100 000 women) due to inadequate screening and cervical cancer control.

CONCLUSION: Certified cancer mortality remains generally lower in Latin America (apart from Cuba), as compared to North America and Europe; this may be partly due to death certification validity.

PMID:37038996 | DOI:10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000806

J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023 Apr 11:dkad085. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad085. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Antifungal National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (AF-NAPS) was developed to undertake streamlined quality audits of antifungal prescribing. The validity and reliability of such tools is not characterized.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the validity and reliability of the AF-NAPS quality assessment tool.

METHODS: Case vignettes describing antifungal prescribing were prepared. A steering group was assembled to determine gold-standard classifications for appropriateness and guideline compliance. Infectious diseases physicians, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and specialist pharmacists undertook a survey to classify appropriateness and guideline compliance of prescriptions utilizing the AF-NAPS tool. Validity was measured as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared with gold standard. Inter-rater reliability was measured using Fleiss’ kappa statistics. Assessors’ responses and comments were thematically analysed to determine reasons for incorrect classification.

RESULTS: Twenty-eight clinicians assessed 59 antifungal prescriptions. Overall accuracy of appropriateness assessment was 77.0% (sensitivity 85.3%, specificity 68.0%). Highest accuracy was seen amongst specialist (81%) and AMS pharmacists (79%). Prescriptions with lowest accuracy were in the haematology setting (69%), use of echinocandins (73%), mould-active azoles (75%) and for prophylaxis (71%). Inter-rater reliability was fair overall (0.3906), with moderate reliability amongst specialist pharmacists (0.5304). Barriers to accurate classification were incorrect use of the appropriateness matrix, knowledge gaps and lack of guidelines for some indications.

CONCLUSIONS: The AF-NAPS is a valid tool, assisting assessors to correctly classify appropriate prescriptions more accurately than inappropriate prescriptions. Specialist and AMS pharmacists had similar performance, providing confidence that both can undertake AF-NAPS audits to a high standard. Identified reasons for incorrect classification will be targeted in the online tool and educational materials.

PMID:37038993 | DOI:10.1093/jac/dkad085

Int J Paediatr Dent. 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.1111/ipd.13072. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) requires systematically collected and standardized data.

AIM: To describe a novel multilevel calibration procedure in primary dentition.

DESIGN: Calibration method involved two calibration levels: the first (L₁ ) involved inter-examiner agreement between three main investigators, the group leaders (GLs) in the following level; the second level (L₂ ) involved three groups of 11 pediatric dentists and inter-examiner agreement assessment according to the GLs in each group. The study sample consisted of 650 primary teeth surfaces in eight children (mean age 6.56±2.22 years). Surface-by-surface percent agreement, tooth-by-tooth percentage agreement, Cohen’s kappa and Fleiss Kappa statistics were used to calculate inter-examiner reliability. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 27.0.

RESULTS: Surface-by-surface agreement regarding ICDAS_epi -merged revealed almost perfect agreement (>90.00%) both on L₁ and L₂ . Kappa values and ranges showed good agreement both at L₁ (Overall Kappa=0.95) and L₂ (Overall Kappa=0.98) and almost perfect consistency was detected between GLs at L₁ (>91.30%) and substantial agreement at L₂ (>85.00%). All examiner at L₂ showed almost perfect positive agreement (sensitivity=96.77-100%) when detecting presence of dental plaque.

CONCLUSIONS: The calibration procedure appeared feasible prior to organizing multicenter epidemiological oral health survey in large population groups of preschool children, with higher number of examiners.

PMID:37038983 | DOI:10.1111/ipd.13072

Eur J Cancer Prev. 2023 Apr 10. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000778. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, there is lack of studies on the incidence and mortality of this malignancy. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of HL in Brazil for incidence, mortality and trends.

METHODS: Data on incidence in Brazil were collected from Population-Based Cancer Registries (1988-2017) and mortality for 1979-2019. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Average annual percent change was estimated and analyzed in two calendar periods for mortality (1979-1999 and 2000-2019).

RESULTS: Trends in the incidence of HL for males in Brazil declined in two state capitals – Belo Horizonte, -3.7% (95% CI, -7.1 to -0.3); and Salvador, -8.5% (95% CI, -13.0 to -3.8) – and remained stable in other cities. For females, two capitals showed a decrease in incidence: Salvador, -9.5% (95% CI, -15.3 to -3.2) and Porto Alegre, -3.9% (95% CI, -7.0 to -0.8). Mortality rates in males were higher than those in females. However, the decrease in mortality was greater in males, -2.2% (95% CI, -2.5 to -1.8). Age incidence distribution across Brazilian capitals showed a higher incidence among younger (15-30 years) individuals yet no clear incidence among older adults (>60 years).

CONCLUSION: The incidence trend of HL in Brazil has remained stable. While the mortality has decreased for both sex. Age distribution for mortality in young age and older ages follows the bimodal pattern for Brazil as a whole. Finally, further studies are necessary to understand age incidence distribution of HL in Brazil.

PMID:37038979 | DOI:10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000778

Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.1002/acr.25128. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In this study we obtained descriptive data on the beliefs, behaviors, and openness regarding dietary changes for rheumatic diseases (RMDs) in an urban U.S. Hispanic RMD patient population, as foundational data for future intervention design.

METHODS: We distributed a voluntary survey to our primarily Hispanic population at an outpatient rheumatology clinic for 19 weeks. This survey queried individuals’ behaviors as it related to dietary intake used for RMD treatment, perceptions of the effect of food groups on RMD activity, barriers to physician-recommended diets, and willingness to try future interventions. We used descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test to evaluate associations.

RESULTS: Over 40% of survey respondents from our primarily (88%) Hispanic population noted a link between what they ate and their underlying RMD activity. Over a third of patients had, at some point, modified dietary intake to affect their RMD. Vegetables, fruit, and white meats were commonly reported to improve disease, while red meat and processed foods were reported to worsen disease. Barriers to following a pre-specified diet included cost and lack of knowledge. Over 70% of respondents indicated willingness to attempt certain eating patterns should it help their underlying RMD.

CONCLUSION: In this primarily Hispanic RMD patient population, many have not only noted a correlation between dietary intake and RMD activity, but are also open to future nutrition-related interventions. As this population experiences poor RMD outcomes and a high rate of lifestyle-related comorbidities, an intervention to optimize healthy eating patterns would likely be beneficial as well as acceptable.

PMID:37038969 | DOI:10.1002/acr.25128

Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.1002/acr.25127. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between sleep disturbance, catastrophizing, and knee pain in middle-aged and older persons.

DESIGN: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort from months 48 to 96 were used, where month 48 was treated as baseline. Knee pain (the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] pain scale ≥5, 0-20), catastrophizing (extracted from the Coping Strategies Questionnaire [CSQ] ≥3, 0-6), and sleep quality (extracted from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D], 1-4) were assessed annually. We described the association of sleep disturbance with the presence and risk of knee pain and catastrophizing. The mediation effect of knee pain and catastrophizing on sleep-catastrophizing and sleep-pain association was evaluated, respectively.

RESULT: Catastrophizing and knee pain were reported in 346 (10%) and 917 (24%) of the 3813 participants (mean 64.9 years, 58% female) at baseline. Participants with worse sleep disturbance were more likely to have knee pain (prevalence ratios [PR]1.4-2.0, Ptrend <0.001) and catastrophizing (PR 1.4-3.1, Ptrend <0.001). Sleep disturbance at baseline predicted the risk of knee pain (risk ratios [RR] 1.1, Ptrend <0.001) and catastrophizing (RR 1.2-1.7, Ptrend <0.001) during the follow-up. No statistically significant interactions between sleep disturbance and knee pain or catastrophizing were observed. Knee pain and catastrophizing mediated the sleep-catastrophizing and sleep-pain association respectively at baseline, and knee pain negatively mediated the sleep-catastrophizing association longitudinally.

CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbance was associated with the presence and risk of catastrophizing and knee pain. Sleep interventions may have a universal and independent effect in preventing incident knee pain.

PMID:37038964 | DOI:10.1002/acr.25127