Nevin Manimala

J Intell. 2023 Feb 14;11(2):35. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence11020035.

ABSTRACT

What are the current trends in intelligence research? This parallel bibliometric analysis covers the two premier journals in the field: Intelligence and the Journal of Intelligence (JOI) between 2013 and 2022. Using Scopus data, this paper extends prior bibliometric articles reporting the evolution of the journal Intelligence from 1977 up to 2018. It includes JOI from its inception, along with Intelligence to the present. Although the journal Intelligence’s growth has declined over time, it remains a stronghold for traditional influential research (average publications per year = 71.2, average citations per article = 17.07, average citations per year = 2.68). JOI shows a steady growth pattern in the number of publications and citations (average publications per year = 33.2, average citations per article = 6.48, total average citations per year = 1.48) since its inception in 2013. Common areas of study across both journals include cognitive ability, fluid intelligence, psychometrics-statistics, g-factor, and working memory. Intelligence includes core themes like the Flynn effect, individual differences, and geographic IQ variability. JOI addresses themes such as creativity, personality, and emotional intelligence. We discuss research trends, co-citation networks, thematic maps, and their implications for the future of the two journals and the evolution and future of the scientific study of intelligence.

PMID:36826933 | DOI:10.3390/jintelligence11020035

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Feb 14;14(2):107. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020107.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of identifying a dental implant through the measurement of the apical width and the interspiral distance in a periapical radiograph after being subjected to high temperatures for certain lengths of time. In total, 11 fresh human anatomical models were selected, in which 137 implants were placed. Previous periapical radiographs were performed using parallelizers in each implant. Subsequently, the anatomical models were introduced into a crematory oven at different temperatures and for various durations: 500 °C/15 min, 500 °C/30 min, 700 °C/15 min, 800 °C/15 min, 800 °C/45 min, 500 °C/15 min, 700 °C/15 min, and finally, 1000 °C/120 min. After this, X-rays were taken via a parallel technique, and the apical width and interspiral distance were measured. The implants were disinserted, and the coronal width was used to calculate magnification or possible distortion. All data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. There were no statistically significant differences for the apical width parameter, except when the temperature was raised to 700 °C/15 min and to 800 °C/45 min. For the interspiral distance parameter, there were no statistically significant differences, except when the implants were subjected to 800 °C/15 min and 1000 °C/120 min. It was determined that there were changes in some groups based on the increase in temperature and exposure time. Neither of the two parameters were completely useful for the identification because some of the groups studied in both variables presented differences, which makes them difficult to identify correctly.

PMID:36826906 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020107

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Feb 13;14(2):103. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020103.

ABSTRACT

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is an umbrella term used to describe various conditions that affect temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Although the most conservative and least invasive treatment is preferable, more invasive therapies should be employed to refractory patients. Tissue engineering has been presented as a promising therapy. Our study aimed to investigate trends and point out future research directions on TMD and stem cells. A comprehensive search was carried out in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) in October 2022. The bibliometric parameters were analyzed through descriptive statistics and graphical mapping. Thus, 125 papers, published between 1992 and 2022 in 65 journals, were selected. The period with the highest number of publications and citations was between 2012 and 2022. China has produced the most publications on the subject. The most frequently used keywords were “cartilage”, “temporomandibular joint”, “mesenchymal stem cells”, and “osteoarthritis”. Moreover, the primary type of study was in vivo. It was noticed that using stem cells to improve temporomandibular joint repair and regeneration is a significant subject of investigation. Nonetheless, a greater understanding of the biological interaction and the benefits of using these cells in patients with TMD is required.

PMID:36826902 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020103

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Feb 13;14(2):102. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020102.

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to investigate the rechargeability of ion-releasing dental material specimens immersed in distilled water for 25 months, which depleted their ion-releasing ability. Four restorative dental materials (alkasite composite, giomer, glass-ionomer, and composite material) presented with 24 specimens were studied after topical treatment with a concentrated fluoride gel. The effect of resin coating on the ion uptake and release was investigated on additional 42 specimens of restorative dental materials with coatings. The composite materials were coated with two adhesive systems, whereas the glass-ionomer was coated with the special coating resin. After topical fluoride exposure, ion release and specimen mass were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14-day intervals using an ion-selective electrode and an analytical balance, respectively. The cumulative fluoride levels for the uncoated specimens of alkasite composite were significantly higher than those of giomer and glass-ionomer cement, with no statistically significant difference between the latter two materials. The conventional composite had the lowest cumulative concentration of fluoride ions (p < 0.05). The adhesive systems affected the fluoride recharge and reduced the ion concentrations absorbed by the specimens. Specimens coated with universal adhesive showed significantly higher ion release compared to universal fluoride-releasing adhesive or special coating resin for glass-ionomers (p < 0.05). No statistically significant change in specimen mass was observed during the 14-day period. Surface coating with adhesive systems as well as special coating resin for glass-ionomers affects the fluoride recharge process.

PMID:36826901 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020102

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Feb 9;14(2):93. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020093.

ABSTRACT

With the increase in the population’s life expectancy, there has also been an increase in the rate of osteoporosis, which has expanded the search for strategies to regenerate bone tissue. The ultrasonic sonochemical technique was chosen for the functionalization of the 45S5 bioglass. The samples after the sonochemical process were divided into (a) functionalized bioglass (BG) and (b) functionalized bioglass with 10% teriparatide (BGT). Isolated mesenchymal cells (hMSC) from femurs of ovariectomized rats were differentiated into osteoblasts and submitted to in vitro tests. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and sham ovariectomy (Sham) surgeries were performed in fifty-five female Wistar rats. After a period of 60 days, critical bone defects of 5.0 mm were created in the calvaria of these animals. For biomechanical evaluation, critical bone defects of 3.0 mm were performed in the tibias of some of these rats. The groups were divided into the clot (control) group, the BG group, and the BGT group. After the sonochemical process, the samples showed modified chemical topographic and morphological characteristics, indicating that the surface was chemically altered by the functionalization of the particles. The cell environment was conducive to cell adhesion and differentiation, and the BG and BGT groups did not show cytotoxicity. In addition, the experimental groups exhibited characteristics of new bone formation with the presence of bone tissue in both periods, with the BGT group and the OVX group statistically differing from the other groups (p < 0.05) in both periods. Local treatment with the drug teriparatide in ovariectomized animals promoted positive effects on bone tissue, and longitudinal studies should be carried out to provide additional information on the biological performance of the mutual action between the bioglass and the release of the drug teriparatide.

PMID:36826892 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020093

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Feb 8;14(2):91. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020091.

ABSTRACT

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the potential to differentiate in a limited number of other tissue types. Some evidence has suggested the modulation of DPSC growth may be mediated, in part, by exogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, including fibronectin (FN) and laminin-5 (LN5). Although preliminary research suggests that some ECM glycoproteins may work as functional biomaterials to modulate DPSC growth responses, the primary goal of this project is to determine the specific effects of FN and LN5 on DPSC growth and viability. Using an existing DPSC repository, n = 16 DPSC isolates were cultured and 96-well growth assays were performed, which revealed FN, LN5 and the combination of these were sufficient to induce statistically significant changes in growth among five (n = 5) DPSC isolates. In addition, the administration of FN (either alone or in combination) was sufficient to induce the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), while LN5 induced the expression of ALP only, suggesting differential responsiveness among DPSCs. Moreover, these responses appeared to correlate with the expression of MSC biomarkers NANOG, Oct4 and Sox2. These results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that functional biomaterials, such as ECM glycoproteins FN and LN5, are sufficient to induce phenotypic and differentiation-specific effects in a specific subset of DPSC isolates. More research will be needed to determine which biomarkers or additional factors are necessary and sufficient to induce the differentiation and development of DPSCs ex vivo and in vitro for biomedical applications.

PMID:36826890 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020091

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Jan 31;14(2):81. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020081.

ABSTRACT

(i) Objective: The present study aimed to compare the electrochemical corrosion resistance of six different types of fixed lingual retainer wires used as fixed retention appliances in an in vitro study. (ii) Methods: In the study, two different Ringer solutions, with pH 7 and pH 3.5, were used. Six groups were formed with five retainer wires in each group. In addition, 3-braided stainless steel, 6-braided stainless steel, Titanium Grade 1, Titanium Grade 5, Gold, and Dead Soft retainer wires were used. The corrosion current density (i_corr), corrosion rate (CR), and polarization resistance (R_p) were determined from the Tafel polarization curves. (iii) Results: The corrosion current density of the Gold retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). The corrosion rate of the Dead Soft retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). The polarization resistance of the Titanium Grade 5 retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). As a result of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, pitting corrosion was not observed in the Titanium Grade 1, Titanium Grade 5 and Gold retainer groups, while pitting corrosion was observed in the other groups. (iv) Conclusion: From a corrosion perspective, although the study needs to be evaluated in vivo, the Titanium Grade 5 retainer group included is in this in vitro study may be more suitable for clinical use due to its high electrochemical corrosion resistance and the lack of pitting corrosion observed in the SEM images.

PMID:36826880 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020081

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Jan 28;14(2):68. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020068.

ABSTRACT

(1) Background: Considering that the appearance of a dental material is an important factor that contributes to the success of prosthetic restorations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optical properties and color changes among the layers of three commercial zirconias, to compare the aspect of the polished and glazed surfaces before and after aging and to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal degradation on their aesthetics. (2) Methods: Forty-eight plate-shaped samples were sectioned from presintered blocks of each multilayer translucent zirconia with different Yttrium content: Ceramill Zolid fx ML (5 mol%) = CeZ, STML (4 mol%) = STM, IPS e.maxZirCAD CEREC/in Lab MT Multi (4 mol% + 5 mol%) = IPZ. The samples were sintered according to the recommendation of each manufacturer, and half (24) of them were polished and the other half (24) glazed on one of the surfaces. Each type was equally divided into one control and one aging group, and, for each material, this resulted in four groups (n = 12): polished-control, polished-autoclaved glazed-control, and glazed-autoclaved. The artificial aging was carried out with an autoclave and distilled water at 134 °C, 0.2 MPa for 1 h, and for optical parameters (TP, CR, OP) and color change (ΔE*) measurements on a black and white background in a CIE L*a*b* color system, a spectrophotometer was used. The specimens were evaluated in incisal, cervical, and medium areas on polished and glazed samples before and after the aging stage. Statistical analysis was achieved with a two-way ANOVA test, the unpaired t-test, and the paired t-test. (3) Results: Before and after aging, the mean TP values for polished samples were higher than the glazed ones. After aging, the mean TP values increased for all groups (except polished CeZ), and significant differences were reported for polished STM, IPZ. After LTD, the opalescence registered an increase for almost all groups (except polished CeZ, polished and glazed IPZ-medium area), and significant differences were reported for almost all groups (except STM-incisal, IPZ-cervical, medium areas). The levels of color change were between extremely slight to perceivable. (4) Conclusions: Optical properties of the selected multilayer zirconia were influenced by polishing and glazing as surface treatment and affected by artificial aging (CeZ the least); perceivable color changes for polished STM, IPZ were detected.

PMID:36826868 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020068

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Jan 26;14(2):67. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020067.

ABSTRACT

Digital dentistry and new techniques for the dental protheses’ suprastructure fabrication have undergone a great evolution in recent years, revolutionizing the quality of dental prostheses. The aim of this work is to determine whether the best horizontal marginal fit is provided by the CAD-CAM technique or by laser sintering. These values have been compared with the traditional casting technique. A total of 30 CAD-CAM models, 30 laser sintering models, and 10 casting models (as control) were fabricated. The structures realized with chromium-cobalt (CrCo) have been made by six different companies, always with the same model. Scanning electron microscopy with a high-precision image analysis system was used, and 10,000 measurements were taken for each model on the gingival (external) and palatal (internal) side. Thus, a total of 1,400,000 images were measured. It was determined that the CAD-CAM technique is the one that allows the best adjustments in the manufacturing methods studied. The laser sintering technique presents less adjustment, showing the presence of porosities and volume contraction defects due to solidification processes and heterogeneities in the chemical composition (coring). The technique with the worst adjustments is the casting technique, containing numerous defects in the suprastructure. The statistical analysis of results reflected the presence of statistically significant gap differences between the three manufacturing methods analyzed (p < 0.05), with the samples manufactured by CAD-CAM and by traditional casting processes being the ones that showed lower and higher values, respectively. No statistically significant differences in fit were observed between the palatal and gingival fit values, regardless of the manufacturing method used. No statistically significant differences in adjustment between the different manufacturing centers were found, regardless of the process used.

PMID:36826866 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020067

J Funct Biomater. 2023 Jan 23;14(2):63. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020063.

ABSTRACT

Cu addition to alloys for biomedical applications has been of great interest to reduce bacterial growth. In situ-alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3at.%Cu was successfully manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Even so, post-heat treatments are required to avoid distortions and/or achieve required/desired mechanical and fatigue properties. The present study is focused on the investigation of microstructural changes in L-PBF Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3at.%Cu after stress relieving and annealing treatments, as well as their influence on osteoblast and bactericidal behavior. After the stress relieving treatment, a homogenously distributed β phase and CuTi₂ intermetallic precipitates were observed over the α’ matrix. The annealing treatment led to the increase in amount and size of both types of precipitates, but also to phase redistribution along α lamellas. Although microstructural changes were not statistically significant, such increase in β and CuTi₂ content resulted in an increase in osteoblast proliferation after 14 days of cell culture. A significant bactericidal behavior of L-PBF Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3at.%Cu by means of ion release was found after the annealing treatment, provably due to the easier release of Cu ions from β phase. Biofilm formation was inhibited in all on Cu-alloyed specimens with stress relieving but also annealing treatment.

PMID:36826862 | DOI:10.3390/jfb14020063