Nevin Manimala

J Pediatr Orthop B. 2022 Mar 31:BPB.0000000000000971. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000971. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Lockdowns due to COVID-19 increased known risk factors for nonaccidental trauma (NAT), including economic instability and parental stress. We sought to evaluate potential changes in the frequency and types of fractures associated with NAT during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using de-identified data obtained from the IBM Watson Health Explorys Cohort Discovery database. Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms were used to query the database for victims of NAT in 2019 and 2020. Within this cohort of patients, we then identified those who were also diagnosed with a fracture within 21 days of the NAT event. Demographic data were compared between 2019 and 2020 where possible using chi-squared testing, and relative risks for various fracture diagnoses were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. There were 9500 records overall of pediatric NAT in 2019 compared to 9350 in 2020. Of those, in 2019 550 were associated with a diagnosis of fracture versus 570 in 2020. The relative risk of fracture due to NAT in 2020 when compared to 2019 was not significantly higher [relative risk, 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.17)]. The relative risk for each category of fracture diagnosis in 2020 was slightly higher, but not to a statistically significant degree. Despite increasing known risk factors, the frequency of NAT remained unchanged as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also did not identify significant changes in the risk of fracture due to NAT, nor any changes in the associated types of fractures.

PMID:35357345 | DOI:10.1097/BPB.0000000000000971

JMIR Nurs. 2022 Mar 31;5(1):e33586. doi: 10.2196/33586.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Canadian nurses are at the forefront of patient care delivery. Although the use of digital health technologies for care delivery is gaining momentum in Canada, nurses are encouraged to integrate virtual care into their practice. In early 2020, more Canadian nurses delivered care virtually compared with 3 years ago.

OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to uncover the professional characteristics of Canadian nurses accessing virtual care in 2020, understand how these characteristics differ across types of technologies, investigate whether the nurses accessing virtual care possess the skills and knowledge needed to use these technologies, and determine the important drivers of the uptake of virtual care observed in 2020.

METHODS: We used data from the 2017 and 2020 National Survey of Canadian Nurses. This survey collected data on the use of digital health technologies in nursing practice. It concerned regulated nursing professionals working in different health care settings and from different domains of nursing practice. We combined the chi-square independence test and logistic regression analysis to uncover the most relevant drivers of virtual care uptake by nurses in 2020.

RESULTS: In early 2020, before the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses who delivered care virtually were predominantly nurse practitioners (135/159, 84.9%) and more likely to work in a primary or community care setting (202/367, 55%) and in an urban setting (194/313, 61.9%). Factors such as nursing designation (P<.001), perceived quality of care at the health facility where the nurses practiced (P<.001), and the type of patient record-keeping system they had access to (P=.04) had a statistically significant effect on the probability of nurses to deliver care virtually in early 2020. Furthermore, nurses’ perception of the quality of care they delivered through virtual technologies was statistically associated with their perception of the skills (χ²₄=308.7; P<.001) and knowledge (χ²₄=283.4; P<.001) to use these technologies.

CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the critical importance of nursing designation, geographic location, and type of patient record-keeping system in predicting virtual care integration in nursing practice. The findings related to geographic location can be used by decision-makers for better allocation of digital health resources among care settings in rural and urban areas. Similarly, the disparities observed across nursing designations have some implications for the digital training of nurses at all levels of practice. Finally, the association between electronic medical record use and uptake of virtual care could accelerate the implementation of more modernized record-keeping systems in care settings. Hence, this could advance interoperability and improve health care delivery.

PMID:35357326 | DOI:10.2196/33586

JMIR Form Res. 2022 Mar 12. doi: 10.2196/35764. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Latinos are among the most heavily impacted populations by the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States due to intersectional barriers to care. Crowdsourcing open contests can be an effective means of community engagement but have not been well studied in Latino populations nor in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: 1) to implement and evaluate a crowdsourcing open contest to solicit a name for a COVID-19 social marketing campaign for Latinos in Maryland; and 2) to conduct a thematic analysis of submitted entries to guide campaign messaging.

METHODS: To assess the level of community engagement in this crowdsourcing open contest, we conducted descriptive statistics of entries and votes, and demographics of participants. Submitted text was analyzed through inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS: We received 74 entries within a brief 2-week period. The top 10 entries were chosen by community judges and the winner was decided by popular vote. We received 383 votes within 1 week. The most common themes were collective efficacy, self-efficacy, and perceived benefits of COVID-19 testing. We used these themes to directly inform our social marketing intervention and found that ads based on these themes became the highest performing.

CONCLUSIONS: Crowdsourcing open contests are an effective means of community engagement and an agile tool for guiding interventions to address COVID-19, including in populations impacted by healthcare disparities such as Latino communities. Thematic analysis of contest entries can be a valuable strategy to inform the development of social marketing campaign materials.

PMID:35357317 | DOI:10.2196/35764

SAGE Open Med. 2022 Mar 24;10:20503121221085843. doi: 10.1177/20503121221085843. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Insufficient nutrition can predisposes women to infection, pregnancy losses, preeclampsia and anaemia as well birth of underweight baby whose survival is threatened. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess pregnant mothers’ nutrition knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors.

METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 378 participants who were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Quantitative data were collected using a structured and interviewer-administered questionnaire, which consisted of questions on sociodemographic features, obstetrics characteristics and pregnant women’s nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice. Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical version 23. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors. All variables with p-value of < 0.23 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis, and finally, statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval.

RESULT: From 378 women participated, a total of 231 (61.1%) respondents were in age range of 25-34 years. About 148 (39.1%) of women were not knowledgeable, 153 (40.5%) had an unfavourable attitude, and 47.7% had poor dietary practice. Knowledge (adjusted odds ratio = 4.5; 95% confidence interval: 2.88, 10.06, p = 0.03), attitude (adjusted odds ratio = 3.6; 95% confidence interval: 2.43, 6.66, p = 0.04) and practice (adjusted odds ratio = 3.6; 95% confidence interval: 2.43, 6.66, p = 0.036) were all significantly associated with maternal education. Regarding their occupation, merchant women were seven times (adjusted odds ratio = 7.02; 95% confidence interval: 2.88, 17.09, p = 0.01) more likely to have knowledge and government employees were six times (adjusted odds ratio = 6.05; 95% confidence interval: 3.58, 13.05, p = 0.04) more likely to be knowable than housewives. Moreover, multiparous women were 4.77 times (adjusted odds ratio = 4.77; 95% confidence interval: 1.15, 8.66, p = 0.002) more likely to be knowledgeable compared to primigravida women. Monthly income was also associated to attitude (adjusted odds ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 1.66, p = 0.03). Women who had a favourable attitude were five times (adjusted odds ratio = 5.25; 95% confidence interval: 2.36, 9.62, p = 0.04) more likely to have good nutritional practices during pregnancy.

CONCLUSION: Pregnant women’s knowledge, attitude and practice towards nutrition in this area were low. The educational status of women was associated with knowledge; attitude and practice. Likewise, occupation and parity were associated with knowledge; and attitude was also found to be a determinant factor of nutritional practice. Therefore, community nutritional education and antenatal nutritional counselling need to be strengthened in the area.

PMID:35356812 | PMC:PMC8958714 | DOI:10.1177/20503121221085843

SAGE Open Med. 2022 Mar 26;10:20503121221088089. doi: 10.1177/20503121221088089. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Youth faces various sexual and reproductive health problems in developing countries like Ethiopia. Major health problems like unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections are common among youth in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the level of utilization of youth-friendly reproductive health services and associated factors among youth in Aleta Wondo town, southern Ethiopia, from 20 to 30 June 2020.

METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among youths of Aleta Wondo town from 20 to 30 June 2020. A total of 421 study participants were selected from households of selected kebeles in the town by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using structured pretested face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data were entered using Epi-data version 4.4.2 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine factors significantly associated with the utilization of youth-friendly reproductive health services. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval with p value of <0.05 were considered to declare statistical significance.

RESULTS: The level of utilization of youth-friendly reproductive health services was 32.8% (95% confidence interval = 28.0%-37.0%). Youth-friendly service utilization was significantly associated with being female gender (adjusted odds ratio = 2.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.34-3.62), living alone (adjusted odds ratio = 2.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.48-5.77), who had not ever discussed with their parents (adjusted odds ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval = 0.27-0.81), have visited service required and missed service (adjusted odds ratio = 1.96, 95% confidence interval = 1.19-3.24), and have sexual partner (adjusted odds ratio = 4.52, 95% confidence interval = 2.75-7.44).

CONCLUSION: Youth-friendly reproductive health service utilization among youth Aleta Wondo town was low. Factors like gender, current living place, have ever discussed in reproductive health issues with their parents, have visited health facility and missed service, and having sexual partner were predictors of youth-friendly service utilization. It is better to work in collaboration with youth clubs and schoolteachers to scale up youth-friendly service.

PMID:35356809 | PMC:PMC8958524 | DOI:10.1177/20503121221088089

Health Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 22;5(2):e561. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.561. eCollection 2022 Mar.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The goal of this study was to demonstrate the effects of factors related with time to developing pre-eclampsia (PE) among pregnant women follow-up service at Arerti Primary Hospital.

METHODS: A survival analysis was employed on a pregnant women’s follow-up service from September 2018 to June 2019 at the Arerti Primary Hospital. A closed-form sample size formula for estimating the effect of the time-to-event data was used. Both the descriptive method and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to compute the research survival data.

RESULTS: Using the Kaplan-Meier estimation technique, the univariable analysis shows that the survival time median is 7 months and 3 weeks. The graph of Kaplan-Meier estimate of total survival functions indicates a decreasing pattern of survivorship function. We used the Kaplan-Meier estimates to investigate the effects of observed differences among different categories of the factors, we applied the Log-rank test. The final survival model outcomes weight, marital status, age, history of PE, and multiplicity were related to a substantial hazard of evolving PE.

CONCLUSION: On the basis of our final survival model results, we recommended that all pregnant women having such risk factors should see a health care professional and control their medical condition before and during pregnancy. Advising women about proper body weight in each follow-up period is supported. Finally, health experts should advise pregnant women about potential risk factors related to PE.

PMID:35356806 | PMC:PMC8939849 | DOI:10.1002/hsr2.561

Health Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 22;5(2):e543. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.543. eCollection 2022 Mar.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies comparing the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis to other viruses are inconclusive. Our study aimed to compare the severity of bronchiolitis according to the virus.

METHODS: Data were collected from 1152 infants under one year of age admitted to Children’s hospital for Wales, over the winter months of 2014-2020. The cohort was divided based on the virus detected: RSV, RSV with another virus, or other virus. Using t tests and Fisher exact statistical test, the groups were compared based on length of hospital stay, admissions PICU/HDU, intubations, and need of nasogastric (NG) nutritional support.

RESULTS: Fifty-six percent throat swabs were RSV positive, 15% had RSV with another virus, and 29% had only another virus. Children positive for RSV had statistically longer hospital admissions and were more likely to need NG nutrition; however, there was no difference between number of PICU/HDU admissions or intubations. The RSV group and RSV with another virus group had no statistical differences.

PMID:35356804 | PMC:PMC8939497 | DOI:10.1002/hsr2.543

Front Vet Sci. 2022 Mar 8;9:745934. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.745934. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Rotavirus, one of the main pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in neonatal dairy calves worldwide, is responsible for 30-44% of cattle deaths. It is considered to be the most common etiologic agent of diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves and children, the dominant type being group A. Two hundred seventy animals from 27 farms from 2 regions of Kuwait were tested for the presence of Rotavirus serogroup A (RVA) using latex agglutination test (LAT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain (RT-PCR) testing. RVA non-structural proteins NSP1-2, NSP4-5 and capsid protein genes VP1-7 were characterized by next generation sequencing. LAT was positive in 15.56% of the animals, and RT-PCR in 28.89%. Using RT-PCR as a reference method, LAT was 100% specific but only 83.33% sensitive. ANOVA analysis showed correlation only with the location of the farms but no significant correlation with the age and sex of the animals. Although there was a tendency of clustering of RVA positive animals, it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.035 for LAT). The phylogenetic analysis showed that Kuwaiti isolates of group A rotavirus clustered with human rotaviruses. Taken together, it seems that rotavirus was present in most of the dairy farms in Kuwait. The high occurrence of the virus in calves in Kuwaiti dairy farms and the close phylogenetic affinity with human isolates warrants urgent action to minimize and control its spread between calves in farms.

PMID:35356787 | PMC:PMC8959109 | DOI:10.3389/fvets.2022.745934

J Parasitol Res. 2022 Mar 21;2022:6406259. doi: 10.1155/2022/6406259. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women, is a significant public health problem due to risk of mother to child transmission. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and corresponding cord blood among women attending Biyem-Assi and CASS Nkoldongo hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

METHODS: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2019 and May 2020 on 300 pregnant women from late second trimester to third trimester. A total of 259 cord blood samples were collected at birth from these women. Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in maternal and cord blood were detected using the Toxoplasma Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay kit, and potential risk factors captured through questionnaire were identified using binary logistic regression model. Statistical significance was measured at P < 0.05.

RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of gestational and neonatal toxoplasmosis was 80% and 88%, respectively. IgG seropositivity was 72.7%, IgM only was 1.3% and cooccurrence of IgG/IgM was 6% amongst pregnant women. Out of 259 newborn cord bloods, 72.2% were positive for IgG only, 8.9% for IgM only, and 23.9% for both IgG/IgM. Pregnant women 15-24 years (AOR = 4.6, P = 0.011) and women with primary level of education (AOR = 3.9, P = 0.042) were significantly at risk of infection with Toxoplasma gondii.

CONCLUSION: Gestational and neonatal toxoplasmosis appears to be more common with higher risk of infection in younger women and less educated women. Hence, these findings will serve as baseline data for further investigations on mother to child transmission of toxoplasmosis in Yaoundé and the need for reinforcement of pregnant women toxoplasmosis-related health measures.

PMID:35356745 | PMC:PMC8959950 | DOI:10.1155/2022/6406259

Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 9;9:817724. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.817724. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Physical training can improve several health variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A growing body of studies also finds a positive influence of dietary supplement (DS) intake. The aim of this review is to shed light on the possible effects of training interventions combined with DS intake in T2DM patients.

METHODS: A systematic search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the PubMed and BISp Surf databases. Inclusion criteria were defined using the Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) scheme. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for quality assessment and risk of bias analysis.

RESULTS: Ten controlled interventional studies with a total number of 643 subjects met the inclusion criteria. These studies investigated the effects of (a) vitamin D (VD), (b) VD + whey protein, (c) polyphenol containing antioxidant capsules, (d) creatine, (e) L-arginine, (f) leucine-rich amino acids, and (g) broccoli sprouts powder. Eight studies investigated effects on one or more of the following health outcomes: body mass index, fat mass, insulin resistance, glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress/antioxidative capacity and/or inflammatory markers/molecules. Five of the studies show clear superior effects of physical training combined with DS intake (supplements a, b, c, e) on some of these variables compared with training only. However, one study indicates that VD intake might attenuate the training effects on triglyceride levels. Another study found that training + VD + whey protein intake increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels in T2DM patients. The effects of training combined with DS intake on renal function (supplement d) or incretin metabolism (supplement a) were investigated in two further studies. These studies do not show any additional effects of DS intake. The quality of the majority of the studies was high.

CONCLUSION: DS intake can potentially increase the benefits of physical training for specific health outcomes in T2DM patients. However, negative effects can also be observed. Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms behind potential synergistic or divergent effects of exercise training and DS use in T2DM should be explored in detail in future studies for the development of safe recommendations.

PMID:35356737 | PMC:PMC8959696 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.817724