Nevin Manimala

Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2022 Apr 18. doi: 10.1111/acer.14844. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous research indicates college students report heavier drinking on certain events (e.g., 21^st birthday). While past research has identified heavier drinking events, students’ own reports of what events are associated with elevated drinking remains understudied. The current study utilized mixed methods to explore potential high-risk drinking events for college student drinkers and how these events differed from typical drinking and each other.

METHODS: College student drinkers (N=204) reported number of drinks consumed on nine predetermined events (e.g., Halloween). Students also responded to open-ended questions listing five events during which they had elevated drinking, and indicating amount consumed on each event. Open-ended responses were coded into similar event categories. Descriptive statistics for drinks consumed were calculated for predetermined and coded open-ended events. Chi-square analyses assessed differences in endorsement of open-ended events by birth sex, age, and Greek membership. Two multilevel count regressions assessed within-person differences in number of drinks consumed between participants’ typical drinking occasions and 1) highly endorsed open-ended events and 2) predetermined events.

RESULTS: For all open-ended event categories, average number of drinks consumed exceeded heavy episodic drinking thresholds; however, there was substantial variability. Comparing predetermined events to participants’ typical drinking indicated elevated drinking on participants’ birthdays, New Year’s Eve, Halloween, Finals, and Spring Break; significant differences between events also emerged. Comparison of open-ended categories to participants’ typical drinking indicated elevated drinking on birthdays, celebrations, parties, and holidays; however, there were no significant differences between open-ended events.

CONCLUSIONS: Students who drink alcohol report heavier drinking on specific calendar-based events (e.g., Spring Break). However, students also report non-calendar related events (e.g., non-specific parties) as some of their highest drinking events. More research is needed to understand how intervention and prevention programs can be adapted to target both known calendar-based high-risk drinking events, and unknown, idiosyncratic high-risk drinking events.

PMID:35437763 | DOI:10.1111/acer.14844

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Apr 19. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2385. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Macronutrients can differently affect respiratory function markers such as VO₂ , VCO₂ , PaO₂ , PaCO₂ and respiratory quotients (RQ), but systematic appraisal of the evidence on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is lacking.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the response of respiratory function markers to high-carbohydrate and high-fat intake in patients with lung diseases.

METHODS: Systematic review conducted according to Cochrane Collaboration recommendations, reported following PRISMA 2020. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched up to July/2021. Two reviewers selected the RCTs and extracted the data. Risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were assessed by RoB 2 and GRADE, respectively. Statistical and graphical data guided the publication bias investigation. Meta-analyses were conducted.

RESULTS: We included 14 RCTs (362 participants), four of which were parallel. Most studies included patients with COPD. High-fat intake decreased VCO₂ [MD = -35.89(95%CI -45.24; -26.21) ml/min; I²=0%], VO₂ [MD= -29.30(95% CI -40.94, -17.66) ml/min; I² = 0%], PaCO₂ [MD = -4.62(95%CI -7.67; -1.58) mmHg; I²=84%], and RQ [MD = -0.08(95%CI -0.09; -0.06); I² = 0%] in the subset of parallel RCTs. In crossover RCTs, there was generally no evidence of effect except for a greater decrease in RQ [MD = -0.09(95%CI -0.12; -0.02); I² = 96%] in favor of high fat intake.

CONCLUSION: High-fat intake resulted in greater reductions ​​of VCO₂ , VO₂ , PaCO₂ , and RQ in adult patients with lung diseases. The certainty of the evidence is very low/ low, and it precludes a specific recommendation on macronutrients contribution to energy intake of these patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35437762 | DOI:10.1002/jpen.2385

J Anat. 2022 Apr 18. doi: 10.1111/joa.13674. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It is usual in anatomical and physiological research to assess the effects of some intervention on extremities (e.g., training programmes or injury recovery protocols) using one muscle for the intervention and its contralateral as control. However, the existence of laterality (left-handedness or right-handedness) in athletes of different specialities is widely recognized. In rats, gastrocnemius is one of the muscles most widely used because of its importance in locomotion and high relative limb mass. Since we have not found studies reporting laterality assessment on the morphology and function in rat gastrocnemius, our study aimed to evaluate the fibre histochemical, morphometrical and muscle force contractile properties between right and left gastrocnemius of the laboratory rat. Fibre-type proportion, fibre morphometrical measurements, muscle capillarization and muscle force properties were analysed in the right and left gastrocnemius of six male rats. No statistically significant differences (p = 0.265) were found in gastrocnemius to body weight ratio (‰) between right (6.55 ± 0.40) and left (6.49 ± 0.40) muscles. The muscles analysed showed a great degree of heterogeneity in fibre type distribution, having three clearly distinguished regions named red, mixed and white. In the three regions, there were no statistical differences in fibre type proportions between right and left gastrocnemius, as is indicated by the p-values (from 0.203 to 0.941) obtained after running t-Student paired tests for each fibre type. When analysing fibre cross-sectional area, individual fibre capillarization and fibre circularity, no significant differences between right and left gastrocnemius in any of these morphometrical parameters were found in any muscle region or fibre type. Most of the p-values (70%) resulting from running t-Student paired tests were higher than 0.400, and the lowest p-value was 0.115. Seemingly, global capillary and fibre densities were not statistically different between right and left sides in all muscle regions with p-values ranging from 0.337 to 0.812. Force parameters normalized to gastrocnemius mass (mN g^-1 ) did not show any significant difference between right (PF = 74.0 ± 13.4, TF = 219.4 ± 13.0) and left (PF = 70.9 ± 10.7, TF = 213.0 ± 18.0) muscles with p = 0.623 (PF) and p = 0.514 (TF). Twitch time parameters (ms) also lacked significant differences between the two sides (CT: 43.4 ± 8.6 vs. 45.0 ± 14.3, p = 0.639; HRT: 77.6 ± 15.0 vs. 82.3 ± 25.3, p = 0.475). Finally, both muscles also showed similar (p = 0.718) fatigue properties. We did find an absence of laterality at the morphological and functional levels, which raises the possibility of using right and left gastrocnemius muscles interchangeably for experimental designs where one muscle is used to analyse data after a physiological intervention and its contralateral muscle plays the control role, thus allowing unbiased paired comparisons to derive accurate conclusions.

PMID:35437750 | DOI:10.1111/joa.13674

Spine Deform. 2022 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s43390-022-00510-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Residual shoulder imbalance is associated with suboptimal outcomes following the surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) including poor patient satisfaction. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the radiographic parameters and the relationship between the global and local indices of spinal alignment with shoulder balance pre- and postoperatively utilizing EOS imaging and 3D reconstruction.

METHODS: A retrospective radiographic analysis was performed on patients with AIS, treated with posterior spinal fusion. Postoperative radiographs were obtained immediately following surgery, at 6 months and final follow-up over 2 years postoperatively. 3D Radiographic measurements included in the coronal plane radiographic shoulder height difference (RSHD), proximal thoracic Cobb angle (PT) and main thoracic Cobb (MT), in the sagittal plane T4-T12 kyphosis, T12-L5 lordosis, in the axial plane proximal thoracic (PT AVR) and main thoracic apical vertebral rotation (MT AVR).

RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were included (63 females) with an average main thoracic curvature of 76 degrees. RSHD averaged 14 mm ± 14 preoperatively, -15 mm ± 12 postoperatively, -8.5 mm ± 11 at 6 months, and -8.3 mm ± 8.7 at final follow-up, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between RSHD and proximal thoracic Cobb angle, between RSHD and proximal thoracic apical vertebral rotation (PTAVR) (r > 0.20, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The significant correlation presented in this study suggests that PT Cobb angle and PT AVR are involved in postoperative shoulder imbalance.

THE LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.

PMID:35437739 | DOI:10.1007/s43390-022-00510-y

Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2486:215-232. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2265-0_11.

ABSTRACT

In many fields, including medicine and biology, there has been in the last years an increasing diffusion and availability of complex data from different sources. Examples include biological experiments or data from health care providers. These data encompass information that can potentially enhance therapeutic advancement and constitute the core of modern system medicine. When analyzing these complex data, it is important to appropriately quantify uncertainty, avoiding using only algorithmic and automated approaches, which are not always appropriate. Improper application of algorithmic approaches, which ignore domain knowledge, could result in filling the literature with imprecise and/or misleading conclusions. In this chapter, we highlight the importance of statistical thinking when leveraging complex data and models to enhance science progress. In particular, we discuss the reproducibility and replicability issues, the importance of uncertainty quantification, and some common pitfalls in the analysis of big data.

PMID:35437725 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-2265-0_11

Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s00261-022-03519-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the shear wave elastography (SWE) values of the spleen in healthy children using Elastography Point Quantification (ElastPQ).

METHODS: In this IRB approved prospective study, spleen stiffness was measured in 146 healthy children (2-15 years) using ElastPQ. SWE values were recorded in upper pole, mid pole, and lower pole of the spleen in all the children.

RESULTS: The mean (± SD) SWE values of the spleen in children in ≤ 5 years age group, > 5-10 years age group, and > 10-15 years age group were 5.6 (± 4.2) kPa, 6.5 (± 3.2) kPa, and 5.9 (± 3.6) kPa, respectively. No statistically significant difference was seen in SWE values of the spleen between these three groups (p > 0.5). The mean (± SD) SWE values in ≤ 10 years and > 10 years age group were 6.1 (± 3.6) kPa and 5.9 (± 2.6) kPa, respectively. No statistically significant difference was seen in SWE values of the spleen between these two groups (p > 0.5). There was no significant difference in the SWE values for boys and girls. Statistically significant difference was seen between the mean SWE values in the two groups based on the median splenic length, which was 5.5 (± 3.8) kPa in the group with a length of ≤ 7.6 cm and 6.7 (± 2.8) kPa in the group with a length of > 7.6 cm.

CONCLUSION: SWE values of the spleen in healthy children do not correlate with age, and no significant difference is there in the SWE values for boys and girls. There was a statistically significant difference in the SWE values of the spleen while comparing the groups based on the median splenic length.

PMID:35437707 | DOI:10.1007/s00261-022-03519-z

J Relig Health. 2022 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s10943-022-01558-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The belief-as-benefit effect (BABE) is a broad term for the positive association between religion/spirituality (R/S) and health outcomes. Functionally, religious variables and religious identities predict greater wellness, which implies that atheists should report worse health relative to religious groups. Using Cycle 29 of the cross-sectional General Social Survey from Statistics Canada (N > 15,900), I explored health differences in stress, life satisfaction, subjective physical wellbeing, and subjective mental wellbeing across R/S identities (atheists, agnostics, Nones, Catholics, Protestants, Eastern Religions). Results indicated that (1). religious attendance, prayer, and religiosity were generally unrelated to all health outcomes for all R/S identities, (2). averagely religious atheists reported health parity with averagely religious members of all other R/S identities, and (3). when comparing a maximally nonreligious atheist group against several maximally religiously affiliated groups, atheists largely showed health parity. If both low R/S and high R/S are associated with comparable wellness, researchers should actively question whether R/S is genuinely salutary.

PMID:35437695 | DOI:10.1007/s10943-022-01558-w

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19489-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, biomass energy tends to be one of the important sources of renewable energy in the world. The main objective of current research is to evaluate the impact of biomass energy on the economic growth of NEXT-11 economies. The data used in “the study is based on panel data of NEXT-11 covering the period 1990 to 2019. The included variables are GDP, biomass energy (BE) school enrollment gross ratio (SEGR; trade openness (TO; population growth (PG; and CO2 emission (CO2).” For estimation, this study applied the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) approaches. The results of FMOLS and DOLS analysis indicate a statistically significant and positive relationship among all the variables in our sample of nations. According to the findings, an increase in biomass energy use tends to positively affect economic growth. To meet the challenge of global warming, these countries need to increase their technical development and inventions as well as they need to improve biomass energy use.

PMID:35437652 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-19489-0

Surg Endosc. 2022 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09201-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: It has been previously demonstrated that the rise of intra-abdominal pressures and prolonged exposure to such pressures can produce changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary dynamic which, though potentially well tolerated in the majority of healthy patients with adequate cardiopulmonary reserve, may be less well tolerated when cardiopulmonary reserve is poor. Nevertheless, theoretically lowering intra-abdominal pressure could reduce the impact of pneumoperitoneum on the blood circulation of intra-abdominal organs as well as cardiopulmonary function. However, the evidence remains weak, and as such, the debate remains unresolved. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to demonstrate the current knowledge around the effect of pneumoperitoneum at different pressures levels during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were reported according to the recommendations of the 2020 updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions.

RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 44 randomized controlled trials that compared different pressures of pneumoperitoneum in the setting of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Length of hospital, conversion rate, and complications rate were not significantly different, whereas statistically significant differences were observed in post-operative pain and analgesic consumption. According to the GRADE criteria, overall quality of evidence was high for intra-operative bile spillage (critical outcome), overall complications (critical outcome), shoulder pain (critical outcome), and overall post-operative pain (critical outcome). Overall quality of evidence was moderate for conversion to open surgery (critical outcome), post-operative pain at 1 day (critical outcome), post-operative pain at 3 days (important outcome), and bleeding (critical outcome). Overall quality of evidence was low for operative time (important outcome), length of hospital stay (important outcome), post-operative pain at 12 h (critical outcome), and was very low for post-operative pain at 1 h (critical outcome), post-operative pain at 4 h (critical outcome), post-operative pain at 8 h (critical outcome), and post-operative pain at 2 days (critical outcome).

CONCLUSIONS: This review allowed us to draw conclusive results from the use of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with an adequate quality of evidence.

PMID:35437642 | DOI:10.1007/s00464-022-09201-1

Neuroradiology. 2022 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s00234-022-02960-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigates the feasibility of ultrafast fluid sensitive techniques for evaluation of pediatric spinal cord syrinx. Rapid imaging could obviate the need for sedation, which is often required for children undergoing lengthier standard spine imaging.

METHODS: Children undergoing standard spine imaging for Chiari malformation, suspected Chiari malformation, or syrinx were included. Patients who provided informed consent were imaged with rapid acquisition sagittal and axial T2 HASTE spine sequences in addition to standard spine imaging. Standard and rapid spine imaging were then reviewed separately by a pediatric neuroradiologist. The presence or absence of syrinx, syrinx diameter, and length were assessed. The degree of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia, conus position, and evaluation of the filum were also recorded.

RESULTS: Seventy-six patients aged 1 month to 18 years (mean 7 years) met the inclusion criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of rapid spine imaging for syrinx was 87.8% and 94.7% respectively. All syrinxes > 2.3 mm in diameter were identified with the rapid spine sequences. There was no statistically significant difference between rapid and standard spine imaging in assessment of syrinx diameter or length. Compared with standard spine imaging, rapid spine sequences demonstrated a 100% sensitivity for low-lying conus and a 98.2% sensitivity for cerebellar tonsillar ectopia. The filum was identified on only 31.6% of the rapid spine studies.

CONCLUSION: Rapid T2 imaging demonstrated a high sensitivity for the presence and extent of spinal cord syrinx and may provide an alternative to traditional, lengthier standard spine imaging in selected patients.

PMID:35437634 | DOI:10.1007/s00234-022-02960-7