Nevin Manimala

Environ Manage. 2022 Nov 15. doi: 10.1007/s00267-022-01748-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It has been argued that gender affects climate change response especially among farming communities yet literature is scant on gender perspectives of response. In recognition of this, the study examined responses with the associated challenges and opportunities across gender in the South East (SE) Nigeria. A mixed research approach including a participatory research approach (PRA), field observation and household questionnaire survey was used to collect data. The survey sample included 300 (150 men and women each) farm household heads from six villages in the region. Data were analyzed and presented using principal component analysis (PCA), non-parametric and descriptive statistics. The study found that men and women-headed households differed in their use of strategies like migration from affected areas and livelihood diversification (p < 0.05). Women have more challenges of insufficient improved farming knowledge than men. The challenges for men were majorly insufficient technologies like mechanization. Components of these challenges include technology, environmental-related challenges among others. Response opportunities for men and women include digital/mobile telecommunications and learning by doing respectively. Compared to men, women had less participation in opportunities for the development of human capital through training (p < 0.05). The study recommends that more opportunities should be provided for the training of farmers especially women on climate change response.

PMID:36378319 | DOI:10.1007/s00267-022-01748-y

Quintessence Int. 2022 Nov 15;0(0):2-8. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b3512065. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimum volume of infiltrative anesthetic required for pain-free mini-implant placement in the maxillary buccal region by comparing the efficacy of 1.0 mL with 0.5 mL of 2% lignocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine during mini-implant placement.

METHOD AND MATERIALS: This splitmouth study involved 19 healthy patients without systemic disease, recent history of allergy, or medications within the age group of 17 to 28 years belonging to both sexes requiring bilateral buccal mini-implants in the posterior maxilla. Lignocaine 2% with 1:200,000 epinephrine (0.5 mL and 1.0 mL) was randomly injected between the right and left side 30 minutes apart for each consecutive patient. Mini-implants were placed 5 minutes after the administration of the infiltrative anesthetic. The pain response was evaluated during mini-implant placement (T1), and 5 minutes (T2) and 10 minutes (T3) after mini-implant placement on both sides using a pain-rating scale. Descriptive statistics and a factorial repeated-measure analysis of variance were calculated for pain response, sex, and side of the jaw.

RESULTS: At T1, T2, and T3, 1.0 mL of anesthetic had a lesser pain score by 1.00, 1.00, and 0.58, respectively, compared to 0.5 mL, with 95% confidence intervals of 0.43 to 1.57 (P = .001), 0.49 to 1.51 (P = .000), and 0.08 to 1.08 (P = .024), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: 1.0 mL of 2% lignocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine administered submucosally appears to provide better anesthesia than 0.5 mL during and after insertion of mini-implants. This study will help the operator administer the correct volume of infiltrative anesthetic thereby improving pain response, alleviating patient anxiety, and providing a better patient experience during and immediately after mini-implant placement.

PMID:36378301 | DOI:10.3290/j.qi.b3512065

Quintessence Int. 2022 Nov 15;0(0):2-11. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b3512239. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to analyze the success of primary molar pulpectomy with a minimum of 1 year and up to 4 years follow-up with focus on the treatment setting (general anesthesia, sedation, local anesthesia alone).

METHOD AND MATERIALS: Data were retrieved from 92 patients’ records between 2012 and 2020. The pulpectomy treatment using calcium-hydroxide/iodoform paste was performed under general anesthesia (n = 45), nitrous oxide sedation (n = 21), or local anesthesia alone (n = 39). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

RESULTS: The overall success of pulpectomy was 59.5% 4 years post-treatment. The 4-years clinical success rate was clinically relevantly higher under general anesthesia (78.6% vs 57.1% under nitrous oxide sedation, 43.8% with local anesthesia only) and in the mandibular arch (70.8% vs 38.5% in the maxillary arch). This could be related to the strict case selection under sedation and especially general anesthesia. Despite statistically significant differences in the bivariate analysis for most outcomes and follow-up periods, this was not the case in multivariate regression.

CONCLUSION: Pulpectomy performed in primary molars offers a successful long-term treatment option especially with a strict case selection as under general anesthesia.

PMID:36378300 | DOI:10.3290/j.qi.b3512239

Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Nov 15. doi: 10.1007/s00228-022-03420-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We assessed the impact of plasma trough concentrations of abiraterone (ABI) and its metabolite Δ4-abiraterone (D4A) and related polymorphisms on adverse events (AEs) in patients with metastatic prostate cancer who received abiraterone acetate (AA).

METHODS: This prospective study enrolled patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with AA between 2016 and 2021. Plasma trough concentrations of ABI and D4A were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The impact of HSD3B1 rs1047303, SRD5A2 rs523349, and cytochrome P450 family 3A member 4 rs2242480 polymorphisms on plasma concentrations of ABI and D4A and the incidence of AEs were also assessed.

RESULTS: In 68 patients treated with AA, the median ABI and D4A concentrations were 18.1 and 0.94 ng/mL, respectively. The high plasma trough concentration of ABI (≥ 20.6 ng/mL) was significantly associated with the presence of any AE and its independent risk factor based on multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 7.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20-23.49). Additionally, a high plasma trough concentration of ABI was an independent risk factor of time to withdraw AA (hazard ratio, 4.89; 95% CI: 1.66-14.38). The risk alleles of three polymorphisms were not statistically associated with the ABI and D4A concentrations and the incidence of AEs.

CONCLUSIONS: The plasma trough concentration of ABI is associated with the presence of AEs and treatment failure after AA administration. ABI concentration monitoring may be useful in patients with prostate cancer who received AA.

PMID:36378297 | DOI:10.1007/s00228-022-03420-0

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022 Nov 15. doi: 10.1007/s00167-022-07227-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Given the improved accuracy of robot-assisted surgery, robotic-arm assisted functionally aligned total knee arthroplasty (RFA-TKA) aims to preserve the native pre-arthritic knee biomechanics, to achieve balanced flexion-extension gaps. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the implant position and short-term clinical outcomes of patients who underwent RFA-TKA vs. mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty with manual technique (MA-TKA).

METHODS: A prospectively collected database was reviewed retrospectively for patients who underwent primary TKA. Sixty patients who underwent RFA-TKA between February 2020 and July 2020 were included in the RFA-TKA group. Sixty patients who underwent MA-TKA were included via 1:1 matching for age, sex, and body mass index based on the RFA-TKA group. For radiological evaluation, knee X-rays were used to assess the functional knee phenotype and implant position accuracy by measuring the coronal and sagittal alignment, and these measurements were compared between the two groups. Patient demographic characteristics and patient-reported outcomes including Knee Society scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, and forgotten joint score-12 were compared between the groups.

RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in postoperative 2-year clinical outcomes in favor of RFA-TKA group which showed greater accuracy in the tibial component sagittal alignment than MA-TKA (1.0 ± 2.3 vs. 0.7 ± 1.6, respectively; P < 0.001). However, outliers in the component positions were more common in the MA-TKA group, which was statistically significant for the femoral coronal and tibial sagittal alignments (P = 0.017 and 0.015, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Functional alignment in TKA could be accurately obtained with the assistance of a robotic arm, and the results showed greater 2 year postoperative patient-reported outcome and satisfaction than mechanically aligned TKA using manual instruments.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

PMID:36378291 | DOI:10.1007/s00167-022-07227-5

Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022 Nov 15. doi: 10.1007/s00261-022-03732-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the technical and clinical success rates of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for subcapsular hematoma of the liver.

METHODS: Between January 2010 and March 2022, 34 patients underwent TAE for subcapsular hematomas of the liver. The causes of subcapsular hematoma were liver tumor rupture (n = 12), trauma (n = 12), iatrogenic complications (n = 9), and spontaneous bleeding (n = 1). The technical and clinical success rates of TAE, blood test results after TAE and additional treatments were evaluated. The patients were divided into either with or without retrograde segmental or lobar portal venous flow on angiography. Technical and clinical success rates and blood test results after TAE were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: Technical and clinical success rates were 94.1% and 73.5%, respectively. Six patients died within one month of TAE. A repeat TAE was performed in three patients. Surgical removal and hemostasis for subcapsular hematoma were done in four patients. One patient had liver failure. The retrograde portal venous flow was observed in 18 patients. The difference in technical and clinical success rates and blood test results after TAE between the two groups was statistically insignificant.

CONCLUSION: TAE is an effective and safe treatment for subcapsular hematomas of the liver. The success rates of TAE and liver damage due to TAE did not differ between patients with and without retrograde portal venous flow.

PMID:36378282 | DOI:10.1007/s00261-022-03732-w

Chin Med J (Engl). 2022 Nov 16. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002427. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: World Health Organization recommends that influenza vaccines should benefit as much of the population as possible, especially where resources are limited. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the greatest threats to health systems worldwide. The present study aimed to extend the evidence of the association between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 to promote the former.

METHODS: In this systematic review, four electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched for related studies published up to May 2022. All odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by meta-analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 36 studies, encompassing 55,996,841 subjects, were included in this study. The meta-analysis for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provided an OR of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73-0.87). The statistically significant estimates for clinical outcomes were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72-0.96) for intensive care unit admission, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.57-0.84) for ventilator support, and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52-0.93) for fatal infection, while no effect seen in hospitalization with an OR of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.68-1.10).

CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination helps limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes, but further studies are needed.

REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD 42022333747.

PMID:36378238 | DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002427

JAMA. 2022 Nov 15;328(19):1984. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.17215.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36378217 | DOI:10.1001/jama.2021.17215

Water Sci Technol. 2022 Nov;86(9):2071-2088. doi: 10.2166/wst.2022.342.

ABSTRACT

Suspended solids removal is a key performance measure for proprietary stormwater treatment devices. Various technologies are available, with manufacturers claiming hydrodynamic separators offer performance advantages. However, it is important to assess manufacturers’ claims. Accordingly, this study seeks to compare the performance of proprietary devices, by applying dimensional analysis to third-party certification data and experimental data from uncertified devices, and to determine the accuracy of a single parameter estimation (Hazen or Péclet number) of removal efficiency. Statistical analysis indicates that device performance is well described by a single parameter estimation transitioning from Hazen (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient = 0.81 and root mean square error = 5.1%) at low surface loading rates (SLR) in all technology types (high removal efficiency) to Péclet (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient = 0.5 to 0.61 and root mean square error = 5.9% to 4.3%) at higher SLR (low removal efficiency) for hydrodynamic separators. This indicates that performance at low SLR is well explained by gravity separation in all technology types, whilst in hydrodynamic separators removal at high SLR is better explained by gravity separation plus advection. Consequently, when high (>80%) removal efficiency is required there is no performance advantage between technology types. However, when low (<50%) removal efficiency is required hydrodynamic separators offer a 33% increase in treatment area.

PMID:36378167 | DOI:10.2166/wst.2022.342

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2022 Nov 14;61(Suppl 1):65-71.

ABSTRACT

The application of quality and its scope have diversified. From this perspective, quality assurance applied to analytical tests (performed in clinical laboratories or blood banks) for the detection of infectious markers is one of the concepts that has gained strength in the last 10 years. The official Mexican standards require ensuring the quality of the published results and for their compliance it is recommended the use of international guides and guidelines that describe good practices that can be applied when carrying out this activity, without losing sight of the fact that everything related to quality assurance must be supported by the implementation of a quality management system. Thus, by using materials selected correctly and in accordance with official regulatory requirements, a good statistical analysis and the appropriate tools, the quality assurance of the analytical phase of the laboratory process in the screening of infectious markers can bring great benefits to the emission of clinically useful results by monitoring indicators and applying the necessary corrective actions, in order to reduce the risk of unfavorable results for patients and donors.

PMID:36378156