Nevin Manimala

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2023 Feb;32(1):40-46.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore the effect of overexpression of DCN（decorin） gene on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cellular-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene (C-Myc) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (p21)in tumor-bearing nude mice with oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC）.

METHODS: The expression of DCN gene in human oral squamous cell carcinoma(HSC-3) was up-regulated by liposome transfection. Nude mice were used as the carrier of OSCC. H-E staining was used to determine the pathological grade of tumor-bearing tissues in each group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EGFR, C-Myc and p21 protein in tumor-bearing tissues of each group after DCN overexpression. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to quantitatively detect the expression of EGFR, C-Myc and p21 in tumor-bearing tissues of each group after DCN overexpression, and to determine the effects of DCN overexpression on the expression of EGFR, C-Myc and p21 in tumor-bearing tissues of OSCC nude mice. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: H-E staining showed that the animal model of OSCC was successfully constructed. The tumor-bearing tissues of nude mice in the plasmid group were significantly lighter than those in the empty vector group and non-transfected group(P＜0.05). IHC results showed that DCN, EGFR, C-Myc and p21 proteins were expressed in the tumor-bearing tissues of nude mice in each group, the expression of DCN,EGFR and C-Myc proteins in the plasmid group was significantly different from the other groups(P＜0.05).There was no significant differece in p21 protein expression in each group(P＞0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that DCN, EGFR, C-Myc and p21 were expressed in diffrent degrees in tumor-bearing tissues of nude mice（P＜0.05）.

CONCLUSIONS: DCN can inhibit the growth of tumor in OSCC nude mice. In tumor-bearing tissues of nude mice with OSCC, overexpression of DCN can down-regulate the expression of EGFR and C-Myc, and up-regulate the expression of p21.DCN may play an inhibitory role in the occurrence and development of OSCC.

PMID:36973842

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2023 Feb;32(1):28-32.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore the application of 3D printing digital positioning guide in root canal retreatment.

METHODS: Eighty-two isolated teeth collected in Chifeng College Affiliated Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected, and divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method, with 41 teeth in each group. Both groups were given root canal retreatment. The control group underwent traditional pulpotomy, while the experimental group underwent precise pulpotomy under 3D printing digital positioning guide. The damage of the coronal prosthesis caused by pulpotomy was compared between the two groups, the time of pulpotomy was recorded, removal of root canal fillings in the two groups was counted, fracture resistance of the tooth tissue in the two groups was compared, and the incidence of complications in the two groups was recorded. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data.

RESULTS: The ratio of pulp opening area to total dental and maxillofacial area in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The pulp opening time in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05), and the root canal preparation time in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the total time between pulp opening and root canal preparation between the two groups(P＞0.05). The removal rate of root canal filling in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The failure load value of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of total complications between the two groups (P＞0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Application of 3D-printed digital positioning guides in root canal retreatment can achieve precise and minimally invasive pulp opening, reduce damage to coronal restorations, preserve more dental tissue, and improve the removal efficiency of root canal fillings and the fracture resistance of dental tissue, as well as performance, safety and reliability.

PMID:36973840

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2023 Feb;32(1):23-27.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) AWPPH on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells by regulating the Notch signaling pathway.

METHODS: Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured in vitro, and osteogenic differentiation was induced. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiment were used to detect the AWPPH expression level of cells at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. Human periodontal ligament cells were divided into blank control group (NC), empty vector group (vector), AWPPH overexpression group (AWPPH), and overexpression AWPPH+ pathway inhibitor group (AWPPH+DAPT). qRT-PCR experiment was used to detect the expression level of AWPPH; thiazole blue (MTT), cloning experiment was used to detect cell proliferation. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), Notch1 and Hes1. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The AWPPH expression level in periodontal ligament cells decreased after 0, 3, 7, and 14 days of osteogenic differentiation. Overexpression of AWPPH increased the A value of periodontal ligament cells, the number of cloned cells, and up-regulated the protein expression of ALP, OPN, OCN, Notch1, and Hes1. After adding the pathway inhibitor DAPT, the A value and the number of cloned cells decreased, and the protein expression of Notch1, Hes1, ALP, OPN, and OCN decreased.

CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of AWPPH may inhibit the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells by reducing the expression of related proteins in the Notch signaling pathway.

PMID:36973839

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2023 Feb;32(1):17-22.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study the role of microRNA (miR)-497-5p in the differentiation and mineralization of pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1, and to explore the related mechanisms.

METHODS: The third generation MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected into the miR-497-5p overexpression plasmid miR-497-5p mimics, the low expression plasmid miR-497-5p inhibitor, and the negative control plasmid miR-497-5p NC. They were set up as the miR-497-5p mimics group, miR-497-5p inhibitor group, and miR-497-5p NC group. The cells untreated was set up as the blank group. Fourteen days after osteogenic induction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected. The expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and type I collagen (COL-I) proteins related to osteogenic differentiation were detected by Western blotting. Mineralization was observed by alizarin red staining method. The expression of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) protein was detected by Western blotting. The targeting relationship between miR-497-5p and Smurf2 was verified by dual luciferase experiment. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 25.0 software package.

RESULTS: Compared with the blank group and miR-497-5p NC group, ALP activity of the miR-497-5p mimics group was enhanced, the expression of OCN, COL-I protein and the ratio of the area of mineralized nodules was increased, and the expression of Smurf2 protein was decreased(P＜0.05). ALP activity of the miR-497-5p inhibitor group was weakened, the expression of OCN, COL-I protein and the ratio of the area of mineralized nodules was decreased, and the expression of Smurf2 protein was increased(P＜0.05). Compared with Smurf2 3′-UTR-WT+miR-497-5p NC group, Smurf2 3′-UTR-MT+miR-497-5p mimics group, Smurf2 3′-UTR-MT+miR-497-5p NC group, the activity of dual luciferase in the WT+miR-497-5p mimics group was decreased (P＜0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of miR-497-5p can promote the differentiation and mineralization of pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1, and its mechanism may be related to the negatively targeted regulation of Smurf2 protein expression.

PMID:36973838

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2023 Feb;32(1):1-5.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation by new generation of nickel-titanium instrument WaveOne Gold, Reciproc Blue with previous WaveOne and Reciproc.

METHODS: Ninety extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=15). The root canals were instrumented by using Hand K files, WaveOne, Reciproc, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue. Fifteen teeth were left unprepared and served as negative controls. The root canals were all prepared to 25#. The roots were then sectioned at 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm from the apical orifice using a hard tissue slicer. The slices were observed under stereoscopic microscope at ×25 magnification. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: No dentinal microcrack was found in the hand K files group and negative control group. The reciprocating single files WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc and Reciproc Blue all produced dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation. The WaveOne generated the most dentinal microcracks than the hand K files(P＜0.05), and the microcracks were mainly concentrated in the middle part of the root. The number of dentinal microcracks caused by Reciproc and Reciproc Blue was the same, with no significant difference(P＞0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The new generation of reciprocating files of WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue may not increase the incidence of dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation.

PMID:36973835

J Eat Disord. 2023 Mar 27;11(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s40337-023-00773-4.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We studied whether provisional posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) moderated discharge (DC) and 6-month follow-up (FU) outcomes of multi-modal, integrated eating disorder (ED) residential treatment (RT) based upon principles of cognitive processing therapy (CPT).

METHODS: ED patients [N = 609; 96% female; mean age (± SD) = 26.0 ± 8.8 years; 22% LGBTQ +] with and without PTSD completed validated assessments at admission (ADM), DC and 6-month FU to measure severity of ED, PTSD, major depressive disorder (MDD), state-trait anxiety (STA) symptoms, and eating disorder quality of life (EDQOL). We tested whether PTSD moderated the course of symptom change using mixed models analyses and if ED diagnosis, ADM BMI, age of ED onset and LGBTQ + orientation were significant covariates of change. Number of days between ADM and FU was used as a weighting measure.

RESULTS: Despite sustained improvements with RT in the total group, the PTSD group had significantly higher scores on all measures at all time points (p ≤ .001). Patients with (n = 261) and without PTSD (n = 348) showed similar symptom improvements from ADM to DC and outcomes remained statistically improved at 6-month FU compared to ADM. The only significant worsening observed between DC and FU was with MDD symptoms, yet all measures remained significantly lower than ADM at FU (p ≤ .001). There were no significant PTSD by time interactions for any of the measures. Age of ED onset was a significant covariate in the EDI-2, PHQ-9, STAI-T, and EDQOL models such that an earlier age of ED onset was associated with a worse outcome. ADM BMI was also a significant covariate in the EDE-Q, EDI-2, and EDQOL models, such that higher ADM BMI was associated with a worse ED and quality of life outcome.

CONCLUSIONS: Integrated treatment approaches that address PTSD comorbidity can be successfully delivered in RT and are associated with sustained improvements at FU. Improving strategies to prevent post-DC recurrence of MDD symptoms is an important and challenging area of future work.

PMID:36973828 | DOI:10.1186/s40337-023-00773-4

Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2023 Mar 27;9(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s40814-023-01277-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization’s Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021-2030 call for attention to patient and family involvement to reduce preventable patient harm. Existing evidence indicates that patients’ involvement in their own safety has positive effects on reducing hospitalisation time and readmissions. One intervention reported in the literature is the use of checklists designed for patients’ completion. Studies on such checklists are small scale, but they are linked to reduction in length of hospital stay and readmissions. We have previously developed and validated a two-part surgical patient safety checklist (PASC). This study aims to investigate the feasibility of the PASC usage and implementation prior to its use in a large-scale clinical trial.

METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional feasibility study, set up as part of the design of a larger stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial (SW-CRCT). Descriptive statistics were used to investigate patient demographics, reasons for not completing the PASC and percentage of PASC item usage. Qualitative patient interviews were used to identify barriers and drivers for implementation. Interview was analysed through content analysis.

RESULTS: Out of 428 recruited patients, 50.2% (215/428) used both parts of PASC. A total of 24.1% (103/428) of the patients did not use it at all due to surgical or COVID-19-related cancellations. A total of 19.9% (85/428) did not consent to participate, 5.1% (22/428) lost the checklist and 0.7% (3/428) of the patients died during the study. A total of 86.5% (186/215) patients used ≥ 80% of the checklist items. Barriers and drivers for PASC implementation were grouped into the following categories: Time frame for completing the checklist, patient safety checklist design, impetus to communicate with healthcare professionals and support throughout the surgical pathway.

CONCLUSIONS: Elective surgical patients were willing and able to use PASC. The study further revealed a set of barriers and drivers to the implementation. A large-scale definitive clinical-implementation hybrid trial is being launched to ascertain the clinical effectiveness and scalability of PASC in improving surgical patient safety.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03105713. Registered 10.04.2017.

PMID:36973815 | DOI:10.1186/s40814-023-01277-3

J Foot Ankle Res. 2023 Mar 27;16(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13047-023-00615-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot assessments detect patients at risk for developing a diabetes-related foot ulceration and can significantly reduce the risk of amputation. In order to organize this assessment effectively, diabetic foot assessment guidelines are required according to the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot. However, these international guidelines have not been adapted into a national guideline for podiatrists in Flanders, Belgium. This study aims to identify the methods and guidelines currently used to assess the diabetic foot in private podiatry practices in Flanders, Belgium and to explore the podiatrists’ opinions on developing a national diabetic foot assessment guideline.

METHODS: This exploratory mixed method study was composed of an anonymous online survey comprising of open- and closed-ended questions followed by 1:1 online semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited via e-mail and a closed private Facebook group of podiatry alumni. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistics and thematic analysis described by Braun and Clarke.

RESULTS: This study showed that the vascular assessment of the diabetic foot exists solely of a medical history and palpation of the pedal pulses. Non-invasive tests such as doppler, toe brachial pressure index or ankle brachial pressure index are seldom used. Only 66% reported to use a guideline for the diabetic foot assessment. There was a variety of reported guidelines and risk stratification systems in use in private podiatry practices in Flanders, Belgium.

CONCLUSION: Non-invasive tests such as the doppler, ankle brachial pressure index or toe brachial pressure index are rarely used for the vascular assessment of the diabetic foot. Diabetic foot assessment guidelines and risk stratification systems to identify patients at risk for developing a diabetic foot ulcer were not frequently used. International guidelines of the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot have not yet been implemented in private podiatry practices in Flanders, Belgium. This exploratory research has provided useful information for future research studies.

PMID:36973800 | DOI:10.1186/s13047-023-00615-1

BMC Nurs. 2023 Mar 27;22(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01234-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pain is the most disturbing and annoying symptom experienced by children. However, it obtains poor attention in low- and middle-income countries particularly. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and factors associated with pediatric pain management among nurses in tertiary hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.

METHODOLOGY: A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2021. The knowledge and attitude of nurses were measured by using Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey regarding Pain (P-NKAS). Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with knowledge and attitude. The strength of the association was presented by using adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

RESULT: A total of 234 (86.03% response rate) nurses were included and 67.1% of nurses had good knowledge and 89.3% had favorable attitudes towards pediatric pain management. The factors associated with good knowledge were having Bachelor’s Degree and above [AOR = 2.1, P = 0.015], having in-service training [AOR = 2.4, P = 0.008] and favorable attitude [AOR = 3.3, CI = 0.008]. The nurses who demonstrated good knowledge [AOR = 3.3, P = 0.003] and those who had Bachelor’s Degree and above [AOR = 2.8, P = 0.03] were found to have favorable attitude.

CONCLUSION: The nurses who were working in pediatrics care areas had good knowledge and favorable attitude towards pediatrics pain management. However, improvements are needed to eradicate misconceptions; particularly, on pediatrics pain perception, opioid analgesia, multimodal analgesia, and non-pharmacologic pain therapies. Nurses who had higher level of education, in-service training, favorable attitude were found to be knowledgeable. Furthermore, nurses who had higher levels of education and knowledge were found to have favorable attitude.

PMID:36973798 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-023-01234-8

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 Mar 27;23(1):207. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05478-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also referred as Streptococcus agalactiae, is one of the leading causes of life-threatening invasive diseases such as bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infection in pregnant women and neonates. Rates of GBS colonization vary by regions, but large-sample studies on maternal GBS status are limited in southern China. As a result, the prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and its associated risk factors and the efficacy of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) intervention in preventing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes remain poorly understood in southern China.

METHODS: To fill this gap, we retrospectively analyzed demographic and obstetrical data of pregnant women who have undergone GBS screening and delivered between 2016 and 2018 in Xiamen, China. A total of 43,822 pregnant women were enrolled and only a few GBS-positive women did not receive IAP administration. Possible risk factors for GBS colonization were assayed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Generalized linear regression model was applicated to analyze whether IAP is one of the impact factors of the hospital length of stay of the target women.

RESULTS: The overall GBS colonization rate was 13.47% (5902/43,822). Although women > 35 years old (P = 0.0363) and women with diabetes mellitus (DM, P = 0.001) had a higher prevalence of GBS colonization, the interaction between ages and GBS colonization was not statistically significant in Logistic Regression analysis (adjusted OR = 1.0014; 95% CI, 0.9950, 1.0077). The rate of multiple births was significantly dropped in GBS-positive group than that of GBS-negative group (P = 0.0145), with no significant difference in the rate of fetal reduction (P = 0.3304). Additionally, the modes of delivery and the incidences of abortion, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, abnormal amniotic fluid and puerperal infection were not significantly different between the two groups. The hospitalization stays of the subjects were not influenced by GBS infection. As for neonatal outcomes, the cases of fetal death in maternal GBS-positive group did not statistically differ from that in maternal GBS-negative group.

CONCLUSION: Our data identified that pregnant women with DM are at high risk of GBS infection and IAP is highly effective in prevention of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. This stressed the necessity of universal screening of maternal GBS status and IAP administration to the target population in China, and women with DM should be considered as priorities.

PMID:36973793 | DOI:10.1186/s12884-023-05478-9