Nevin Manimala

Behav Res Methods. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.3758/s13428-022-01890-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this article, we present the Chinese Children’s Lexicon of Written Words (CCLOWW), the first grade-level database that provides frequency statistics of simplified Chinese characters and words for children. The database computes from a corpus of 34,671,424 character tokens and 22,427,010 word tokens (including single- and multicharacter words), extracted from 2131 books. It contains 6746 different character types and 153,079 different word types. CCLOWW provides several frequency indices of simplified Chinese for three grade levels (grade 2 and below, grades 3-4, grades 5-6) to profile children’s experience with written Chinese in and outside of school. We describe in this article the distributions of frequency and contextual diversity of the characters and words, as well as word length and syntactic categories of the words in the corpus and the subcorpora. We also report results of correlation analyses with other written corpora and of several naming and lexicon decision experiments. The findings suggest that CCLOWW frequency measures correlate well with other corpora. Importantly, they could reliably predict children’s and adults’ naming and lexical decision performances. They could also explain variance in adults’ visual word recognition, in addition to frequency measures computed in an adult corpus, indicating that early print exposure might influence readers’ lexical processing later on beyond an age of acquisition effect. CCLOWW will help researchers in language processing and development as well as educators with selecting language materials appropriate for children’s developmental stages. The database is freely available online at https://www.learn2read.cn/database/ .

PMID:35776384 | DOI:10.3758/s13428-022-01890-9

Int J Clin Pharm. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s11096-022-01425-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND : There have been cases reporting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and associated serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse drug reactions (gastrointestinal obstruction, perforation, and ulceration). These adverse drug reactions are not in the drug package inserts, and the drug relationships are not proven in the literature. AIM: We aimed to examine the potential association between GI obstruction, perforation, and ulceration, and ALK-TKIs by data mining of the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHOD : We conducted a disproportionality analysis of GI obstruction, perforation, and ulceration by estimating the reporting odds ratios (ROR) and the information component (IC) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS : A total of 279 cases of ALK-TKI-associated GI obstruction, perforation, and ulceration from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020, were identified. GI obstruction, perforation, and ulceration cause 16% of cases of death. A significantly increased reporting rate for GI obstruction [ROR 1.77 (1.45-2.15); IC 0.82 (0.53-2.03)] and perforation [ROR 1.61 (1.28-2.02); IC 0.68 (0.35-1.92)] was observed for ALK-TKIs as a drug class. The signal of GI ulceration was detected only in crizotinib [ROR 1.23 (1.01-1.50); IC 0.29 (0.01-1.51)]. A statistically significant ROR and IC emerged for the site of the esophagus. CONCLUSION : Overall, the pharmacovigilance study of the FAERS indicates slightly increased reporting of GI obstruction and perforation, which may cause severe or even fatal outcomes among ALK-TKIs users.

PMID:35776375 | DOI:10.1007/s11096-022-01425-4

Neuropsychol Rev. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s11065-022-09547-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of major congenital anomalies in the world. Disruptions to brain development in this population may impact cognitive outcomes. As individuals with CHD age, understanding of long-term neurocognitive and brain outcomes is essential. Synthesis of the current literature of brain-behavior relationships in adolescents and young adults with CHD is needed to understand long-term outcomes and identify literature gaps. This systematic review summarizes and integrates the current literature on the relationship between structural neuroimaging and neurocognitive outcomes in adolescents and young adults with CHD. Included papers were published through August 2, 2021. Searches were conducted on Pubmed and APA PsycInfo. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated adolescents or young adults (ages 10-35) with CHD, and without genetic comorbidity. Studies explored relationships among structural neuroimaging and neurocognitive outcomes, were in English, and were an empirical research study. A total of 22 papers were included in the current review. Data from each study was extracted and included in a table for comparison along with a systematic assessment of study quality. Results suggest worse brain outcomes (i.e., brain abnormality, reduced volume, lower fractional anisotropy, and brain topology) are related to poorer performance in neuropsychological domains of intelligence, memory, and executive functioning. Consistently, poorer memory performance was related to lower hippocampal and temporal region volumes. Statistically significant brain-behavior relationships in adolescents and young adults with CHD are generally observed across studies but there is a lack of consistency in investigated neuropsychological constructs and brain regions to be able to make specific conclusions. Further research with adult samples of CHD is needed to better understand the long-term impacts of early neurological insult.

PMID:35776371 | DOI:10.1007/s11065-022-09547-2

Sleep Breath. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s11325-022-02676-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of poor sleep quality and to describe its predictors in diabetic patients having chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins treated with cyanoacrylate glue.

METHODS: This single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted between March 2018 and March 2021. A total of 103 patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic venous insufficiency (CEAP classification at stages C3-C6) treated with cyanoacrylate glue for varicose veins were recruited. A questionnaire form, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Berlin Questionnaire, and Diagnostic Criteria for Restless Legs Syndrome were used for data collection. A Doppler USG assessment was performed in the first clinical examination.

RESULTS: Almost half of the participants had had diabetes mellitus for 10 years or more, and 52% had good glucose control. Among the study sample, 61% were poor sleepers, 47% of the participants were RLS positive, and 51% had a high risk of sleep apnea. RLS, HbA1c, and dressing at home had positive associations with poor sleep quality (p < 0.05) on the fifth day after the peripheral embolization. One month after the operation, participants had better sleep quality; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the assessments of RLS and the risk of OSA compared to the fifth day after the operation (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study showed that restless legs syndrome, a high level of HbA1c, and dressed injection area of the skin are associated with poor sleep quality in patients with diabetes having chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins treated with cyanoacrylate glue. Additionally, participants had better sleep quality 1 month after the peripheral embolization compared to the fifth day after the operation.

PMID:35776370 | DOI:10.1007/s11325-022-02676-1

Spine Deform. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s43390-022-00526-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) can have harmful effects on pulmonary function. Serial elongation, derotation, and flexion (EDF) casting can cure EOS or delay surgical intervention. Most described casting techniques call for specialized tables, which are not available at many institutions. We describe an innovative technique for EDF casting utilizing a modified Jackson table (MJ) and compare results to a Risser frame (RF).

METHODS: All patients who underwent EDF casting at our institution between January 2015 and January 2019 were identified and retrospectively reviewed. Patients were stratified by type of table used and clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared. Standard descriptive statistics were calculated.

RESULTS: We identified 25 patients who underwent 77 casting events, 11 on an MJ table and 14 on a RF. Mean follow-up was 32 months (range 11-61 months). 28% of patients had idiopathic scoliosis. There was no significant difference in age at initiation of casting (P = 0.3), initial Cobb angle (equivalence, P = 0.009), or rate of idiopathic scoliosis between the MJ and RF groups. There was no significant difference in initial coronal Cobb angle percent correction (equivalence, P = 0.045) or percent correction at 1-year follow-up (equivalence, P = 0.010) between the two groups. There was no difference in cast related complications. There was a significant difference in surgical time, with the MJ group 11 min shorter than the RF (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSION: The MJ table is a safe and effective alternative for applying EDF casts under traction without the need for a specialized table.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

PMID:35776363 | DOI:10.1007/s43390-022-00526-4

J Neurovirol. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s13365-022-01053-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Altered white matter microstructure has been reported repeatedly using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. However, the associations between neurocognitive deficits and impaired white matter remains obscure due to frequent physical and psychiatric comorbidities in the patients. Severe immune suppression, reflected by low nadir CD4 T-cell counts, is reported to be associated with the neurocognitive deficits in the patients. In the present study, we examined white matter integrity using DTI and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), and neurocognitive functions using a battery of tests, in 15 HIV-infected patients with low nadir CD4, 16 HIV-infected patients with high nadir CD4, and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. As DTI measures, we analyzed fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). In addition, we investigated the correlation between white matter impairments and neurocognitive deficits. Among the three participant groups, the patients with low nadir CD4 showed significantly lower performance in processing speed and motor skills, and had significantly increased MD in widespread regions of white matter in both hemispheres. In the patients with low nadir CD4, there was a significant negative correlation between motor skills and MD in the right motor tracts, as well as in the corpus callosum. In summary, this study may provide white matter correlates of neurocognitive deficits in HIV-infected patients with past severe immune suppression as legacy effects.

PMID:35776340 | DOI:10.1007/s13365-022-01053-8

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21775-w. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35776313 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-21775-w

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s40520-022-02173-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of the literature on the relationship between frailty and excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: The entire community-dwelling adult population of Ontario, Canada, as of January 1st, 2018, was identified using the Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team (CANHEART) cohort. Residents of long-term care facilities were excluded. Frailty was categorized through the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG® System) frailty indicator. Follow-up was until December 31st, 2020, with March 11th, 2020, indicating the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using multivariable Cox models with patient age as the timescale, we determined the relationship between frailty status and pandemic period on all-cause mortality. We evaluated the modifier effect of frailty using both stratified models as well as incorporating an interaction between frailty and the pandemic period.

RESULTS: We identified 11,481,391 persons in our cohort, of whom 3.2% were frail based on the ACG indicator. Crude mortality increased from 0.75 to 0.87% per 100 person years from the pre- to post-pandemic period, translating to ~ 13,800 excess deaths among the community-dwelling adult population of Ontario (HR 1.11 95% CI 1.09-1.11). Frailty was associated with a statistically significant increase in all-cause mortality (HR 3.02, 95% CI 2.99-3.06). However, all-cause mortality increased similarly during the pandemic in frail (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09-1.16) and non-frail (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13-1.17) persons.

CONCLUSION: Although frailty was associated with greater mortality, frailty did not modify the excess mortality associated with the pandemic.

PMID:35776284 | DOI:10.1007/s40520-022-02173-1

Clin Rheumatol. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s10067-022-06266-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Elastic band exercise not only improves muscle strength and elasticity, increases efficiency, balance, and quality of life but also decreases the injury risk. This study was conducted to determine the effect of elastic band exercise on pain, kinesiophobia, functional, and psychological status after total knee arthroplasty.

METHODS: This study was conducted out between October 2019 and April 2020 as a randomized controlled experimental study with a total of 60 patients. Data collection tools in this study included a descriptive information form, visual analog scale, Tampa Kinesiophobia, WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index, and Beck Depression Inventory.

RESULTS: Before intervention, the total score of VAS, WOMAC, Tampa Kinesiophobia, and Beck Depression showed no statistically significant difference between intervention group and control group. However, 4 weeks after intervention observed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of VAS (U = 10,000; p < 0.001), WOMAC (U = 0.00; p < 0.001), Tampa Kinesiophobia (U = 221.5; p = 0.001), and Beck Depression means score (U = 112.5; p < 0.001). In addition, 4 weeks after the intervention, joint range and walking test assessments were statistically significant between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The results of the research showed that elastic band exercise had a positive effect on psychological and functional capacity.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered in the Clinical Trial Registry (registration number NCT04981106) Key points • Patients with total knee arthroplasty require rehabilitation exercise to avoid physical function weakness. • Elastic band exercise significantly reduces patients’ fear of movement and depression. • Elastic band exercise activities facilitate significant physical motion function. • Elastic band exercise inspires the will of patients to engage in home rehabilitation exercise patients after total knee arthroplasty.

PMID:35776283 | DOI:10.1007/s10067-022-06266-0

Obes Surg. 2022 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06184-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Providing analgesia after bariatric surgery might be challenging due to a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the increased sensitivity to respiratory depression triggered by opioid overuse after surgery. Various combination methods with paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and other pain medications such as ketamine or gabapentin have been suggested for reduction of the opioid usage. Regional anesthetic techniques represent a valuable option as they improve patient comfort while reducing opioid-related side effects. In this study, we have evaluated the adjuvant benefits of these various techniques in reduction of the postoperative pain in bariatric surgery.

METHODS: After the approval of the IRB Ethics Committee, the records of the patients who had laparoscopic bariatric surgery between January 2019 and December 2021 were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTS: Records of 120 patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery between January 2019 and December 2021 were reviewed. In total, 113 patients with full documentation were included in this study. Among these, 74 patients were administered regional analgesia. The main regional analgesia techniques were transversus abdominis plane and rectus sheath block. The pain scores of those receiving regional analgesia were statistically low. The opioid consumption after transversus abdominis plane and rectus sheath block was significantly lower than that of others. External oblique intercostal block alone provides a postoperative opioid consumption similar to those of transversus abdominis plane and rectus sheath block.

CONCLUSION: The use of fascial plane blocks in bariatric surgery significantly reduces opioid consumption. Transversus abdominis plane and rectus sheath block combination and external oblique intercostal block seem to be the most effective options.

CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT05284695.

PMID:35776242 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-022-06184-9