Nevin Manimala

Transplant Proc. 2022 Apr 28:S0041-1345(22)00197-X. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.02.047. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: For a number of years, the system of procured livers for transplantation by transplant centers in a fixed order, regardless of the location of the procurement site, was in force in Poland. In mid-2018, priority was introduced in the collection of livers by a team from a given province. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of changing the liver transplantation allocation system at the Katowice Transplant Center (KTW) on the number of transplanted livers and on the selected parameters of donors from which the liver was procured.

METHODS: The rates and cold ischemia time (CIT) of procured livers were analyzed.

RESULTS: The rate of livers procured by the KTW transplant team increased from 36.6% to 53.3%, and at the same time the rate of livers procured by this team and sent for transplantation in other transplant centers increased. The rate of livers transplanted in the KTW, which were procured in the Silesian Voivodeship, increased from 37.4% to 61.0%, and the rate of livers procured outside the Silesian Voivodeship decreased from 54.8% to 36.4%. The CIT of livers transplanted in the KTW was reduced from 407.5 to 360.0 minutes. The comparative analysis of donor parameters of livers procured by the KTW transplant team and transplanted in Katowice revealed no differences regarding analyzed clinical and biochemical parameters.

CONCLUSION: The change in the allocation system increased the number of livers procured by the local team and shortened CIT of livers transplanted at the KTW.

PMID:35491283 | DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.02.047

J Prosthet Dent. 2022 Apr 28:S0022-3913(22)00150-0. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Loss of retention is a clinical complication for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). However, a method sensitive enough to measure the early retention loss of FPDs is lacking.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro and finite element analysis (FEA) study was to determine whether resonance frequency analysis (RFA) with a newly developed system can detect lack of FPD retention caused by cement loss.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two evaluation methods were used: RFA of an in vitro model of a 3-unit FPD from the second premolar to the second molar and FEA by using a simplified model. The in vitro model was used to evaluate 4 connecting conditions: both crowns cemented, only the premolar crown cemented, only the molar crown cemented, and both crowns uncemented. Tapping stimulation (16 impulsive forces, 4 Hz) was directly applied to the buccal side of the second molar or the second premolar, and an attached 3D accelerometer sensor was used to record the resonance frequency (RF) of the tapped tooth. The amplitude, frequency, Q-value, and total area under the curve (AUC) of the RF values in the buccolingual direction were compared between connecting conditions. The FEA was done by using a simplified model of a 3-unit FPD with similar connecting conditions as the in vitro model study, and the RF amplitude and frequency of each tooth were calculated. Statistical evaluation included 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test to compare the differences among each connecting condition under each parameter for measurement sites on the molar and the premolar, respectively (α=.05).

RESULTS: For both the molar and premolar measurements in both the in vitro and FEA models, when the measurement site was on the uncemented tooth, the amplitude of RF-1 increased, the Q-value of RF-2 decreased, and the area under the curve increased (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The same 3 trends found between the measurement sites of the in vitro study and FEA indicated that RFA may be useful for detecting an FPD with loosening caused by cement loss, even partial cement loss.

PMID:35491260 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.005

J Prosthet Dent. 2022 Apr 28:S0022-3913(22)00174-3. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Visual color determination in clinics or dental offices should take place under reproducible environmental conditions. To reduce false tooth color measurements, daylight and illumination lamps (5000-7500 K) have been recommended. Those can be used either as stationary or mobile handheld illumination units. However, depending on the manufacturer, the handheld lights use different illuminance brightness, and whether the choice of unit affects shade selection is unclear.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether the mobile handheld light-emitting diode (LED) lighting unit shows a significantly better result in visual color determination than the conventional reference lighting unit.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Trained preclinical dental students (N=23) with a mean ±standard deviation age of 24 ±5 years participated in the study. Two color differentiation lamps (Smile lite 1620lx and Dialite Color 4450lx) (SL and DC) were each placed at a 15-cm distance to determine the color of the shade tabs (templates, N=10) with the VITA Linear Guide 3D Master in a double-blinded study. According to the manufacturer’s recommendation, polarization filters were used with the Smile lite lamp.

RESULTS: Of N=220 shade determinations each, 31.8% (SL) and 33.2% (DC) were correct; the median (ΔE₀₀) and interquartile range were 0.96 (±3.32) for SL and 1.35 (±3.28) for DC. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant (P=.67).

CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the use of the mobile LED illumination unit did not improve color determination compared with the reference illumination. The different illumination intensities of 980 lux (SL) with a polarizing filter or 1500 lux (DC) did not have a positive effect.

PMID:35491259 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.006

Drug Discov Ther. 2022 Apr 29. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B virus genotype C (HBV/C) is one of the most prevalent HBV strains worldwide, especially in the Western Pacific and the South-East Asia. However, the origin and evolutionary timescale of HBV/C remains largely unresolved. We analyzed the evolutionary rate and molecular clock phylogeny of 101 full-genome HBV/C sequences sampled globally using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. We inferred the spatiotemporal dynamics of the HBV/C worldwide by the Bayesian Stochastic Search Variable Selection (BSSVS). We found that the estimated mean evolution rate of the HBV/C genotype full-genome was 4.32 × 10^-5 subs/site/year (95% highest posterior density 3.02 × 10^-6 – 8.97 × 10^-5). Phylogeographic reconstruction was able to identify a single location for the origin of the global HBV/C in Australia around A.D. 715. The subgenotype C4 diverged earliest and mainly circulated in Australia, C1 mainly in Southeast Asia, C2 mainly in East Asia and C3 in Remote Oceania. The effective number of HBV infection presented a rapid exponential increase between the 1760s and 1860s followed by a maintained high level until now. Our study, for the first time, provides an estimated timescale for the HBV/C epidemic, and brings new insight to the dispersal of HBV/C in humans globally. Based on the continuous presence of a highly effective viral population, this study provides further evidence of the challenge from a population-based molecular level to eliminate HBV by 2030, and calls for a concerted effort from policy makers, health providers, and society in the globalized world.

PMID:35491234 | DOI:10.5582/ddt.2022.01030

West Afr J Med. 2022 Apr 29;39(4):415-424.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The burden of HIV infection in households of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is usually high. The existence of HIV discordance and reasons for that is largely unknown. Moreover, how people in a discordant relationship can live happily together with negative partner not getting infected and/or safely have children are not well understood. This study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with HIV sero-discordance among in-union HIV patients receiving care in a private health facility in Jos, north central Nigeria.

METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional design was used for the study involving HIV clients. Their records were reviewed and a proforma used to extract needed information. Questionnaire was equally used. A total of 1505 patients were studied out of which 75 were sero-discordant. They were recruited consecutively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and presented using frequencies, percentages, and tables.

RESULTS: Findings revealed that 75 (5.0%) were discordant giving a prevalence of 5%. Majority of the clients were females: [non-discordant 805(56.3%), discordant 45(60.0%)], attained secondary education [non-discordant 590(41.3%), discordant 60(80.0%)], have been in partnership for 1-10 years [non-discordant 525(36.7%). discordant 45(60.0%)], have sex with partner weekly [non-discordant 1385(96.9%), discordant 60(80.0%)], have no other sexual partner [non-discordant 1070(74.8%), discordant 75(100.0%)]. have viral load of <100 [non-discordant 1315(92.0%), discordant 75(100.0%)], have CD4 count of 200-499 [non-discordant 585(40.9%), discordant 30(40.0%)]. Most of participants knew that ART, consistent use of condom, abstinence and post exposure prophylaxis prevent HIV. There were statistical significant associations of characteristics of clients and their knowledge on HIV prevention with HIV status of partner.

CONCLUSION: Prevalence of discordance is high. There was no identified predictor of HIV status of partner. For HIV prevalence and sero-discordant status to reduce, women should have a say or be at an equal platform as men in terms of control over their sexuality.

PMID:35490416

West Afr J Med. 2022 Apr 29;39(4):407-414.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NASH is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its prevalence is increasing due to rising global epidemics of MetS. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, risk factors and correlates of NASH in patients with MetS in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

METHODS: We caried out a hospital based cross-sectional study of 81 subjects with MetS. The diagnosis of NASH was made by ultrasound evidence of hepatic steatosis, and exclusion of significant consumption of alcohol as well as histologic evidence of NASH on liver biopsy. Subjects gave informed consent and ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the hospital. Data obtained were entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed using simple and inferential statistics. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Total of 81 subjects with MetS were studied, males 36(44.4%), females 45(55.6%), mean age(SD) of 49.77 (12.08) years. Ten (12.3%) subjects were diagnosed with NASH. Subjects with NASH had significant association with obesity, dyslipidaemia, and poor glycemic control. Regression analysis showed that morbid obesity, low HDL and presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for the development of NASH.

CONCLUSION: NASH is common in Nigerian patients with MetS and its presence is significantly associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PMID:35490415

Eur J Oral Sci. 2022 May 1:e12870. doi: 10.1111/eos.12870. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to measure real-time temperature changes in gold-restored teeth compared with intact teeth during the intake of hot and cold drinks. Sixteen molars, including eight natural intact teeth and eight restored teeth with gold inlays, were selected from the participants. Custom-made thermocouple sensors were attached to the coronal third of the buccal surface of teeth. Participants consecutively consumed hot and cold drinks according to a standardized regimen. Resting, maximum, and minimum temperatures; time to reach peak temperatures; and heating and cooling velocities were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using independent two-sample t-test. Teeth with gold restorations showed a significantly higher maximum temperature (44.7 °C [SD 2.9]) than did natural teeth (40.5 °C [SD 1.2]) during hot water drinking and showed a lower minimum temperature (25.0 °C [SD 4.9]) than did natural teeth (31.5 °C [SD 3.1]) during cold water drinking. The heating and cooling rates for the teeth with gold restorations were two and three times higher than those of the natural teeth. Gold-restored teeth showed greater temperature change than intact teeth in terms of magnitude and velocity in response to temperature changes induced by hot and cold drinks.

PMID:35490397 | DOI:10.1111/eos.12870

Scand J Psychol. 2022 May 1. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12825. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at identifying significant associations between stress, personality traits, and basic psychological needs’ satisfaction and frustration. In the study, a simple random sample consisted of 245 employees (mean age = 39.6; SD = 10.82). 138 (57.5%) employees worked in the public sector, and 102 (42.5%) employees worked in the private sector. This study found no statistically significant differences between the private and public sector employees in the stress overload. Private sector employees demonstrated higher autonomy and relatedness satisfaction, while public sector employees demonstrated higher autonomy frustration. Public sector employees demonstrated higher scores on agreeableness and conscientiousness, but no significant differences between public and private sectors were found comparing the scores on extraversion, neuroticism, and open-mindedness. The SEM identified some significant associations between neuroticism, unsatisfied needs, and stress overload; conscientiousness, unsatisfied needs, and stress overload; basic psychological needs’ satisfaction and four personality traits, namely, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and open-mindedness.

PMID:35490391 | DOI:10.1111/sjop.12825

West Afr J Med. 2022 Apr 29;39(4):399-406.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The transport sector is a male-dominated, sedentary, accident-prone occupation with limited opportunities for healthy meals and exercise breaks. Since stress is a recognized risk factor in the development of addiction and addiction relapse susceptibility, we explored relationship between stress perception and self-reported lifestyles with Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among long distance Bus Drivers in Lagos State.

METHODS: 200 randomly enlisted commercial drivers from bus terminals in Lagos State were interviewed face-to-face using a validated structured questionnaire. Perceived stress was assessed using the perceived stress scale while health-related quality of life was assessed with the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Combined scores from the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and some lifestyle indicators (tobacco smoking, cannabis use, alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep pattern and prolonged sitting) on HRQOL (SF-12) was assessed by multivariable regression analysis controlling for covariates including age, marital status, education status, income level and chronic illness.

RESULTS: Prevalence of high perceived stress was 62%; 36% were moderate or heavy drinkers (2-4 drinks daily) while 30% were heavy smokers (>11 cigarettes per day); 49% used cannabis of which 20% of them had daily use. The mean scores for physical and mental components for SF-12 were 45.2 ±7.5 and 49.8 ±8.2 respectively. In the bivariate association between socio-demographic characteristics, perceived stress and HRQOL, educational status was significantly associated with perceived stress and the physical component of SF-12. In contrast, income was significantly associated with the mental component of SF-12. In the bivariate analysis and also in the multivariable regression analysis, perceived stress was significantly higher among those with harmful lifestyles: poor diet (OR: 1.42), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.86), heavy smoking (OR: 1.66), daily cannabis use (OR: 1.49) and sedentary lifestyle (OR: 1.45). After controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables, perceived stress and harmful lifestyles were statistically significant predictor for poor quality of life (p <0.001).

CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of perceived stress and a high rate of addiction, with negative impacts on quality of life were observed among our study cohort. Since 75% of Nigerians depend on the public buses driven by these hassled drivers, it is imperative that organized strategies are instituted to encourage lifestyle modification and ameliorate the effect of stress on the HRQOL of bus drivers in Nigeria.

CONTEXTE: Le secteur des transports est dominé par les hommes,une profession sédentaire et sujette aux accidents avec des possibilités limitées dedes repas sains et des pauses d’exercice. Puisque le stress est un risque reconnufacteur dans le développement de la dépendance et la rechute de la dépendancesusceptibilité, nous avons exploré la relation entre la perception du stresset les modes de vie autodéclarés avec une qualité de vie liée à la santé(HRQOL) parmi les chauffeurs de bus longue distance dans l’État de Lagos.

MÉTHODES: 200 chauffeurs commerciaux enrôlés au hasard dans un busles terminaux de l’État de Lagos ont été interrogés en face à face à l’aide d’unquestionnaire structuré. Le stress perçu a été évalué à l’aide de l’échelle de stress perçu pendant que la qualité de vie liée à la santé a été évaluée avec l’Enquête abrégée sur la santé (SF-12). Scores combinés de l’échelle de stress perçu (SPS) à 10 éléments et certains indicateurs de style de vie(tabagisme, consommation de cannabis, consommation d’alcool, faible teneur en fruits etconsommation de légumes, rythme de sommeil et position assise prolongée) surHrQOL (SF-12) a été évalué par une analyse de régression multivariablecontrôle des covariables, y compris l’âge, l’état matrimonial, le niveau de scolaritéle statut, le niveau de revenu et la maladie chronique.

RÉSULTATS: La prévalence du stress perçu élevé était de 62 %; 36 % étaient buveurs modérés ou excessifs (2 à 4 verres par jour) tandis que 30% étaient grosfumeurs (>11 cigarettes par jour); 49 % consommaient du cannabis dont 20 % d’entre eux avaient une utilisation quotidienne. Les scores moyens pour le physique et le mentalles composantes du SF-12 étaient respectivement de 45.2 ±7.5 et 49.8 ±8.2. Dans l’association bivariée entre les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, le stress perçu et la QVLS, le statut scolaire était significativement associé au stress perçu et à la composante physique de la SF-12. En revanche, le revenu était significativement associé à la composant de SF-12. Dans l’analyse bivariée et aussi dans l’analyse de régression multivariable, le stress perçu était significativement plus élevé chez les personnes ayant des modes de vie nocifs: mauvaise alimentation (OR: 1.42),consommation d’alcool (RC : 1.86), tabagisme excessif (RC : 1.66), tous les jours la consommation de cannabis (RC : 1.49) et le mode de vie sédentaire (RC: 1.45). Après contrôle des variables socio démographiques et cliniques perçues le stress et les modes de vie nocifs étaient des prédicteurs statistiquement significatifs pour mauvaise qualité de vie (p <0.001).

CONCLUSION: Une forte prévalence du stress perçu et un taux élevé de la toxicomanie, avec des impacts négatifs sur la qualité de vie ont été observésparmi notre cohorte d’étude. Depuis 75% des Nigérians dépendent du public bus conduits par ces chauffeurs harcelés, il est impératif que organize des stratégies sont mises en place pour encourager la modification du mode de vie et améliorer l’effet du stress sur la QVLS des chauffeurs de bus au Nigeria.

MOTS-CLÉS: Alcool; Cigarettes; Qualité de vie liée à la santé; Stress perçu; Tabac.

PMID:35490360

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022 Apr 27. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220427094330. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It has been established that an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels is associated with the development of systemic low-grade inflammation. Data on the prognostic role of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) dependent on the state of low-grade inflammation are limited.

OBJECTIVE: The study’s objective was to evaluate the predictive value of mild-to-moderate HTG (2.3-11.2 mmol/L) regarding the development of cardiovascular events in patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk (CVR), depending on the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) values.

METHODS: The study included 185 patients with high and very high CVR. The concentration of hsCRP in blood serum was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The combined endpoint was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or unstable angina (which required hospitalization), nonfatal stroke, and coronary revascularization.

RESULTS: HTG was revealed in 17.3% of the patients. An increase in hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/L was observed in 51.9% of the patients. The event-free survival of patients with HTG was not statistically different from that in patients with TG <2.3 mmol/L (RR 1.61; 95% CI 0.86-3.00; p=0.133). In the subgroup of patients with hsCRP <2.0 mg/L, the survival rate of patients with HTG was not significantly different from the survival rate of patients without HTG. In the subgroup of patients with hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/L the presence of HTG was associated with 4.63 times increase in the RR of adverse cardiovascular events (95% CI 1.35-15.8; p=0.015) after adjusting for potential confounders.

CONCLUSION: In patients with high and very high CVR, an increase in TG ≥2.3 mmol/L was associated with the development of adverse cardiovascular events only in the subgroup of patients with an increase in hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/L. The presence of HTG was associated with 4.63 times increase in RR of adverse cardiovascular events (95% CI 1.35-15.8; p=0.015).

PMID:35490328 | DOI:10.2174/1871530322666220427094330