Nevin Manimala

Int J Cancer. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34057. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Skin damage is the most common and most important toxicity during and after radiotherapy. Its assessment and understanding of the factors influencing its occurrence, is a major issue in the management of patients irradiated for an early breast cancer CANTO is a prospective clinical cohort study of 10 150 patients with stage I-III BC treated from 2012-2017 in 26 cancer centers. In this study, we used CANTO-RT, a sub-cohort of CANTO, including 3480 patients who received RT. We are focus on specifical skin toxicities: Erythema, fibrosis, telangiectasia, and cutaneous pigmentation The prevalence of toxicities of interest varied over time, so at M3-6, 41.1% of patients had erythema while 24.8% of patients had fibrosis. At M12 and M36, the prevalence of erythema decreased respectively while fibrosis remains stable. The prevalence of telangiectasia increases from 1% to 7.1% from M3-6 to M36. After adjustments, we showed an association between the occurrence of skin erythema and obesity; the type of surgery; the presence of axillary dissection; the use of taxane-based CT and the 3DvsIMRT irradiation technique. Regarding fibrosis, an association is found, at M3-6, with age at diagnosis, obesity, tobacco, and the use of boost. Only obesity and the type of surgery received by the patient remained statistically significant at M12 and M36. In this study we identified several risk factors for acute and late skin. The use of a boost was mainly related to the occurrence of fibrosis while the use of IMRT-type technique decreased the occurrence of skin erythema.

PMID:35489021 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.34057

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20394-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We investigate the determinants of communicable diseases (CDs) and nexus of financial development, economic development, and renewable energy consumption to address the issues of ecological footprint level, the impacts of communicable diseases (CDs), and economic growth of the OECD countries throughout 2000-2019. The results from FMOLS and DOLS reveal that the levels of financial development, energy consumption, and trade volume significantly contribute to overcoming the death toll occurring due to CDs. As regards the growth function, the level of trade in the economy is significantly associated with economic growth. The findings reveal that the improvements and developments in the financial sectors and trading activities cause a reduction in the infection cases represented by COVID-19. In contrast, economic growth does have a negative but insignificant impact upon COVID-19. We conclude that sound financial development combined with economic and environmental regulations could be strategically helpful to cope with CDs.

PMID:35488993 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-20394-9

Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s43630-022-00225-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The photon upconversion based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is a mechanism that converts the absorbed low-energy electromagnetic radiation into higher energy photons also at extremely low excitation intensities, but its use in actual technologies is still hindered by the limited availability of efficient annihilator moieties. We present here the results obtained by the synthesis and application of two new fluorinated chromophores based on phenazine and acridine structures, respectively. Both compounds show upconverted emission demonstrating their ability as TTA annihilator. More interesting, the acridine-based chromophore shows an excellent TTA yield that overcomes the one of some of best model systems. By correlating the experimental data and the quantum mechanical modeling of the investigated compound, we propose an alternative efficient pathway for the generation of the upconverted emissive states involving the peculiar high-energy triplet levels of the dye, thus suggesting a new development strategy for TTA annihilators based on the fine tuning of their high-energy excited states properties.

PMID:35488979 | DOI:10.1007/s43630-022-00225-z

J Gastrointest Cancer. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s12029-022-00827-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is the 5^th cancer with the highest incidence and the 4^th in mortality. To reduce it, one strategy is to diagnose preneoplastic lesions (PNL): atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia (DYS); to form risk groups on which to focus surveillance efforts as are first-degree relatives (FDR). The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of gastric PNL in FDR of patients with GC, and to study association with sex, age, and Helicobacter pylorii (Hp) infection.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study. One hundred and ten FDR, aged between 50 and 65 years, 54.5 female, obtained through convenience sampling, were studied. Biodemographic data survey and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with histological study were applied according to Sidney protocol, and focal lesions found. Diagnosis of these lesions and condition of mucosa was carried out by applying OLGA and OLGIM systems. Descriptive statistics, estimation of prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95CI) were calculated.

RESULTS: Median age of study group was 56.5 years. Prevalence of PNL, AG, IM, and DYS were 86.4%, 82.7%, 54.5%, and 12.7% respectively. Advanced stages of OLGA and OLGIM were verified in 18.0% and 16.3% respectively. No association with sex, age, and Hp infection were found ([OR 3.10; 95CI 1.0; 9.64]; [OR 0.74; 95CI 0.26; 2.14]; [OR 0.58; 95CI 0.12; 2.77]) respectively.

CONCLUSION: FDR of patients with GC have a high prevalence of PNL, which makes them a risk group in which endoscopic surveillance should be applied.

PMID:35488975 | DOI:10.1007/s12029-022-00827-x

J Cancer Educ. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s13187-022-02148-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Shared decision-making (SDM) helps patients weigh risks and benefits of screening approaches. Little is known about SDM visits between patients and healthcare providers in the context of lung cancer screening. This study explored the extent that patients were informed by their provider of the benefits and harms of lung cancer screening and expressed certainty about their screening choice. We conducted a survey with 75 patients from an academic medical center in the Southeastern U.S. Survey items included knowledge of benefits and harms of screening, patients’ value elicitation during SDM visits, and decisional certainty. Patient and provider characteristics were collected through electronic medical records or self-report. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Pearson correlations between screening knowledge, value elicitation, and decisional conflict were calculated. The sample was predominately non-Hispanic White (73.3%) with no more than high school education (53.4%) and referred by their primary care provider for screening (78.7%). Patients reported that providers almost always discussed benefits of screening (81.3%), but infrequently discussed potential harms (44.0%). On average, patients had low knowledge about screening (score = 3.71 out of 8) and benefits/harms. Decisional conflict was low (score = – 3.12) and weakly related to knowledge (R= – 0.25) or value elicitation (R= – 0.27). Black patients experienced higher decisional conflict than White patients (score = – 2.21 vs – 3.44). Despite knowledge scores being generally low, study patients experienced low decisional conflict regarding their decision to undergo lung cancer screening. Additional work is needed to optimize the quality and consistency of information presented to patients considering screening.

PMID:35488967 | DOI:10.1007/s13187-022-02148-w

J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s10840-022-01147-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To investigate the changes of P wave indices in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients after catheter ablation and the association between P wave indices and AF recurrence.

METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database were searched through September 15th 2021 for studies on the association between P wave indices and AF with catheter ablation. Heterogeneity was estimated using the I² statistic, the random effects model was used to calculate the pooled results, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was used to evaluate the predictive value.

RESULTS: Among included fourteen studies with 1674 AF patients, we found significantly decreased P wave dispersion (P_dis) (mean difference [MD]: – 6.5 ms, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: – 11.81 to – 1.18, P = 0.02) after cryoballoon ablation (CBA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and maximum P wave (P_max) (MD: – 8.57 ms, 95% CI: – 17.03 to – 0.10, P = 0.05) after RFA only, but increased minimum P wave (P_min) (MD: 3.43 ms, 95% CI: 1.07 to 5.79, P < 0.01) after CBA only. P_dis measured before ablation was remarkably higher (MD: 5.79 ms, 95% CI: 2.23 to 9.36, P < 0.01) in patients with recurrence than without; meanwhile, P_max was higher measured both before and after ablation (MD: 6.49 ms, 95% CI: 2.30 to 10.69, P < 0.01 and MD: 11.2 ms, 95% CI: 2.88 to 19.52, P < 0.01). Furthermore, SROC analysis showed acceptable predictive efficiencies of P_dis (AUC = 0.776) and P_max (AUC = 0.759) for AF recurrence.

CONCLUSION: P_dis was significantly decreased after AF catheter ablation. Higher P_dis and P_max may have predictive values for AF recurrence.

PMID:35488962 | DOI:10.1007/s10840-022-01147-7

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s10006-022-01066-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify which patient-level factors, if any, influence the risk of infection following dog bite wounds to the face.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). The primary predictor variable was the type of facial injury. The primary outcome variable was the presence of facial infection. SPSS was used to perform statistical analyses and statistical significance was set at a P-value of < 0.05.

RESULTS: Our final sample comprised a total of 4,420 patients who suffered dog bites to the face, of which 1,237 (28.0%) resulted in infection. Open wound (n = 4,176, 94.5%) was the most common facial injury, followed by bone fractures (n = 105, 2.4%). Relative to children 16-20 years old, children who were 0-5 years old were three times more likely to develop an infection (P < 0.01). Finally, open wounds (P < 0.01) were over seven times more likely to get infected relative to fractures.

CONCLUSIONS: Young children, particularly those below the age of five, are vulnerable to dog bite wounds to the face. Open wounds posed the greatest risk of getting infected.

PMID:35488948 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-022-01066-x

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s00402-022-04451-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important challenges faced by orthopedic surgeons is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). PJI is a common cause for total joint arthroplasty failure with an incidence of 0.3-1.9%. PJI can be devastating for the patient and extremely costly for the healthcare system. There is concern that a major cause of PJI is intra-operative colonization and recent studies have shown a decrease in PJI with the use of dilute povidone-iodine (Betadine^®, Avrio Health L.P, Stamford, CT) irrigation prior to wound closure. This study presents our experience with the use of dilute Betadine^® irrigation prior to wound closure and its effect on our post-operative hip and knee arthroplasty acute infection rate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review performed at our hospital looking at PJI amongst patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between 2013 and 2017 comparing different irrigation methods (n = 3232). The study group (n = 1207) underwent irrigation prior to wound closure with dilute Betadine for 3 min and the control group (n = 1511) underwent irrigation using normal saline (NS).

RESULTS: Using a logistic regression model where the following variables were adjusted for; ASA, age, sex, foley insertion, surgical duration and diabetes mellitus status a statistical significant reduction was seen in any infection (OR 0.45 [0.22; 0.89], p value < 0.05) and SSI (OR 0.30 [0.13; 0.70], p value 0.01) with the Betadine group. No significant reduction was seen with deep infections with the Betadine group compared to the NS group.

CONCLUSION: PJI is a devastating complication following total joint arthroplasty and we found Betadine compared to NS irrigation provides an inexpensive and simple method to lower any PJI and more specifically SSI in THA and TKA.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

PMID:35488919 | DOI:10.1007/s00402-022-04451-z

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07413-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of raftlin (RFTN) in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). There is no study in the literature investigating the role of RFTN in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.

METHODS: The present study was designed as a case-control study and conducted between 25.09.2020 and 01.01.2022. CRSwNP and control groups were formed in the study. Serum and tissue samples were taken from each patient in the study and their RFTN levels were measured. While nasal polyps were used for tissue samples in the CRSwNP group, middle meatus mucosa obtained during concha bullosa surgery was used in the control group.

RESULTS: The control group included 31 patients (8 female, 23 male) and the CRSwNP group included 49 patients (14 female, 35 male). The mean age of the control group was 40.42 ± 9.99 years, while the mean age of the CRSwNP group was 43.47 ± 10.19 years. When the groups are compared in terms of gender and age, there were no statistically significant differences (p = 0.78, p = 0.19, respectively). The serum RFTN levels in the control and CRSwNP groups were 7.85 ± 10.87 ng/ml, and 7.02 ± 8.59 ng/ml, respectively (p = 0.45). The tissue RFTN levels in the control group and CRSwNP group were 87.15 ± 69.91 ng/ml, and 66.50 ± 17.10 ng/ml, respectively (p = 0.04, statistically significant).

CONCLUSION: RFTN deficiency in nasal polyp tissue may be one of the reasons for the development of CRSwNP. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of RFTN in CRSwNP.

PMID:35488906 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07413-8

Int Endod J. 2022 Apr 30. doi: 10.1111/iej.13758. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of single-visit root canal retreatment and to compare the results with conventional two-visit root canal retreatment as control group.

METHODOLOGY: One hundred root canal-treated, single-rooted asymptomatic teeth with periapical lesion were retreated by one operator. Fifty of the teeth were randomly assigned to the single-visit group and the others were treated in two-visits. In both groups, root canal filling material was removed, and re-instrumentation of the root canal was performed using step-back technique with hand files using 2.5% NaOCl and 5% EDTA as irrigants. In the single-visit group 5 ml 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) were applied as the final irrigation and in the two-visit group, calcium hydroxide paste was placed into the root canal as an interappointment dressing. All root canal obturations were performed with lateral compaction. All patients were followed up for 24 months. Success was determined depending on both healed and healing cases. The chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test was used to analyse the differences between the groups for success rates and the factors affecting the outcome.

RESULTS: The recall rate was 89 (89%). At 24 months, 39 teeth (88.6%) were considered as healed, 3 teeth (6.8%) as healing, and 2 teeth (4.5%) were identified as failed in the single-visit group, while in the two-visit group 39 teeth (86.7%) had healed, 2 teeth (4.4%) were scored as healing, and 4 teeth (8.9%) as failed. There was no statistically significant difference in the success rates between the two groups (P > 0.05). Size of the lesion and the preoperative length of root canal filling had a statistically significant impact on the outcome (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of healing in 24-month follow-up of retreatments completed in single-visit or two-visits in asymptomatic teeth with periapical lesions. Size of the periapical lesion and initial apical level of root canal filling have affected the outcome of root canal retreatment.

PMID:35488883 | DOI:10.1111/iej.13758