Nevin Manimala

J Prosthet Dent. 2022 Jul 7:S0022-3913(22)00355-9. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.05.026. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Industry needs scientific knowledge to develop new products and services, and their financial support to dental implant researchers translates into commercial products. Therefore, identifying the relevant factors for a successful industry partnership is important.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a 20-year bibliometric overview of industry-sponsored studies in implant dentistry to identify possible factors involved in industry partnership motivations.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hand search of 6 of the most established journals in the implant dentistry field was performed for articles published in 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019. Information regarding the continent of origin of the corresponding author, interinstitute collaboration, type and topic of research, and the h-index of the corresponding author was recorded for each included article. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine statistical relationship between industry support and exploratory factors (α=.05).

RESULTS: A 6% increase in the chance of industry investment was observed over the years (odds ratio [OD]=1.06; P<.001). Studies from North America (OD=4.87; P<.001) and Europe (OD=3.13; P<.001) were more likely to receive industry funding. Data also revealed a direct relationship between the increasing number of institutions involved in the study and the probability of industry funding (OD=1.21; P<.001). Animal studies (OD=2.26; P<.001) about surgical procedures and prosthodontic topics (OD=1.40; P=.044) stood out for having greater industry support. Researchers with an h-index between 31 and 40 were more likely to receive industry financial support (OD=2.46; P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Industry support for dental implant research was closely aligned with the continent of origin, interinstitute collaboration, type and topic of research, and the h-index of the corresponding author.

PMID:35811163 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.05.026

Semin Perinatol. 2022 Jun 10:151640. doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2022.151640. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are challenging, but are the studies most likely to change practice and benefit patients. RCTs investigating neonatal surgical therapies are rare. The Necrotizing Enterocolitis Surgery Trial (NEST) was the first surgical RCT conducted by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network (NRN), and multiple lessons were learned. NEST was conducted over a 7.25-year enrollment period and the primary outcome was death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-22 months corrected age. Surgical investigators designing clinical trials involving neonatal surgical treatments have many considerations to include, including how to study eligible but non-randomized patients, heterogeneity of treatment effect, use of frequentist and Bayesian analyses, assessment of generalizability, and anticipating criticisms during peer review. Surgeons are encouraged to embrace these challenges and seek innovative methods to acquire evidence that will be used to improve patient outcomes.

PMID:35811154 | DOI:10.1016/j.semperi.2022.151640

Injury. 2022 Jun 10:S0020-1383(22)00419-3. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.06.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Kangaroo-related motor vehicle collisions are common but there is limited literature on this topic. Drivers confronted by kangaroos may choose to swerve or to directly collide with the kangaroo. The effect of these differing crash mechanisms, along with the effect of vehicle type or time of day, has not yet been reported.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed, examining patients admitted to our tertiary trauma centre for kangaroo-related motor vehicle collisions between 2000 and 2020. Data on patient demographics, crash characteristics, and hospital stay were collected and analysed.

RESULTS: A total of 366 patients were included and were predominantly male (76%) with an median age of 40. Swerve crashes were more common (59%) than direct impact and swerving was a statistically significant predictor of reduced injury severity score on multivariable analysis (other significant factors were female sex and no rollover). Motor vehicle crashes and motorbike crashes had differing crash characteristics. Motor vehicle crashes were more likely the result of swerving, and swerving was less likely to cause ejection or require extrication but more likely to cause rollover. Motorbike crashes however, were more likely the result of head on collision and riders were more likely to be ejected from the vehicle, require extrication, or be involved in a rollover. In terms of time of day, there were more crashes at dawn and there was a trend towards higher injury severity score and length of stay for night-time crashes.

CONCLUSION: For kangaroo-related motor vehicle crashes, predictors of increased injury severity score on multivariable analysis were male sex, direct impact, and rollover. Motorbikes and motor vehicles had differing crash mechanisms and characteristics, as did night-time crashes when compared to daytime or twilight crashes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, prognostic.

PMID:35811153 | DOI:10.1016/j.injury.2022.06.007

Transplant Proc. 2022 Jul 7:S0041-1345(22)00321-9. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.03.030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The process of capturing and classifying the viability of corneal tissue for corneal transplantation is complex. The biomicroscopic examination is one of the techniques used to evaluate the quality of corneal tissues. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the evaluation criteria used in biomicroscopic examination using a slit lamp and the classification of the quality of corneal tissue.

METHODS: This is a longitudinal, retrospective cohort study, performed at the Human Ocular Tissue Bank in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The sample consisted of 419 corneas donated between 2005 to 2016.

RESULTS: After the evaluation, the 419 corneas were classified as excellent (8 -1.91%), good (217 – 51.79%), regular (85 – 20.29%), and bad (109 – 26.01%). The classification of corneal quality attributed by ophthalmologists considered 13 criteria: senile arch, scars, epithelial defect, epithelial exposure, stromal infiltrate, subepithelial opacity, pterygium, Descemet’s folds, stromal edema, stromal streak, cornea guttata, specular reflex, and cell loss endothelial. The quality of the cornea classified as excellent and good showed a statistically significant association (P value < .05) with senile arch, scar, epithelial defect, epithelial exposure, Descemet’s folds, stromal edema, stromal streak, cornea guttata, specular reflex, and losses of endothelial cells; they had evaluated criteria that were absent or slightly present.

CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of the corneal quality for corneal transplantation should involve the implementation of reliable techniques and trained, qualified professionals. There is a need to create evaluation instruments that consider the criteria according to their degree of interference in the quality of corneal tissue.

PMID:35811151 | DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.03.030

J Natl Med Assoc. 2022 Jul 7:S0027-9684(22)00109-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2022.06.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Racial/ethnic and cultural identity influences alcohol use consumption and help-seeking behaviors. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess alcohol prevention programs and interventions targeting African Americans/Blacks among the African Diaspora across the lifespan.

METHODS: According to PRISMA guidelines, literature searches were conducted via electronic databases, grey literature, and hand searches of relevant journal articles evaluating primary outcome data to reduce alcohol use. To be included in this systematic review, intervention and prevention studies required a population of more than 50% African descent and provided information about statistical significance (p < .05) indicating changes in alcohol as a primary outcome.

RESULTS: Search strategy identified 5691 citations and the full-text of 148 studies were screened. A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies were geographically located in the United States and African countries. Interventions were implemented in community, patient-care, school, and workplace settings. Adult studies evaluated pharmacological and/or behavioral interventions while utilizing validated instruments and procedures to assess alcohol outcomes. Strategies to change alcohol behavior included psychotherapy, brief motivational interviewing (BMI), and counseling. Adolescent studies utilized family-based, computer-assisted technology, and career development interventions to reduce alcohol use.

CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review identified a range of intervention articles addressing the reduction of alcohol use for African Americans/Blacks that may be used in various settings and by different age groups. Best practices and strategies designed to address socio-cultural factors by promoting protective and risk-reducing factors of alcohol use and successful alcohol interventions are needed.

PMID:35811146 | DOI:10.1016/j.jnma.2022.06.001

Brain Behav. 2022 Jul 10:e2649. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2649. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To analyze the increase in diameter of the nerve roots C5 and C6 in early childhood.

METHODS: The nerve roots of 56 children aged 0 days to 10 years (47 younger than 2 years) were examined by high-resolution ultrasound imaging. The correlation of diameter and age was statistically tested and a logarithmic regression analysis was performed to develop a logarithmic growth model.

RESULTS: The increase in nerve root diameter is greatest during the first 2 years of life and then the growth rate decreases steadily. The relationship between age and diameter follows a logarithmic curve (p < 10^-8 ).

INTERPRETATION: The main increase in the diameter of the nerve roots happens in the first 2 years of life. Comparing data from a previous study, our data also suggest that the maturation of the proximal part of the median nerve is comparable to the maturation of its distal segments. This suggests a synchronous maturation of the axons and myelin sheath for the whole extent of the nerve, from the radix to its very distal part.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Normative values for the size of the cervical nerve roots C5 and C6; an insight into the maturation of the proximal parts of the peripheral nervous system; and the correlation between age and cervical root diameter.

PMID:35810481 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.2649

Anal Bioanal Chem. 2022 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s00216-022-04155-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The precise quantification of KRAS single nucleotide variant (SNV) is critical for the treatment and prognosis of lung and colorectal cancer. Validation of digital PCR (dPCR) as a method for accurate quantification of KRAS SNV has great clinical importance. An international co-validation on absolute quantification of KRAS SNV by dPCR was conducted among three national measurement institutes (NMIs) from China (NIM), South Korea (KRISS), and Japan (NMIJ). A candidate reference material (RM) was provided by NIM and three measurands were reported: copy number concentration (T_c) of KRAS G12A mutation and wild type and KRAS G12A fractional abundance (FA). Homogeneity and stability assessment showed that the study materials provided by NIM were sufficiently homogeneous and stable during the study period. En number performance statistics was used to evaluate equivalence of the study among the three NMIs. All En values for both T_c and KRAS G12A FA≤1 showed good agreement and consistency with the reference value within the expanded uncertainty. This indicates that dPCR with full uncertainty evaluation can serve as a candidate primary reference measurement procedure (PRMP) for the KRAS SNV measurement and value assignment of reference materials.

PMID:35810409 | DOI:10.1007/s00216-022-04155-8

Vet Surg. 2022 Jul 10. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13845. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Statistical analysis of medical data aims to reveal patterns that can aid in decision making for future cases and, hopefully, improve patient outcomes. Large and bias-free datasets, such as those produced in formal randomized clinical trials, are necessary to make such analyses as reliable as possible. For a host of reasons, randomized trials are, unfortunately, relatively uncommon in veterinary medicine and surgery, implying that less ideal datasets (mostly observational data) must form the basis for much of our decision making regarding treatment of individual patients under our care. In this review, we first describe the common shortcomings of many observational veterinary datasets when viewed in comparison with their optimal counterparts and highlight how the deficiencies can lead to unreliable conclusions. We illustrate how many of the interpretative problems associated with observational data, predominantly various forms of bias, are not solved, and may even be exacerbated, by statistical analysis. We emphasize the need to examine summary data and its derivation in detail without being lured into relying upon P values to draw conclusions and advocate for completely omitting statistical analysis of many observational datasets. Finally, we present some suggestions for alternative statistical methods, such as propensity scoring and Bayesian methods, which might help reduce the risk of drawing unwarranted, and overconfident, conclusions from imperfect data.

PMID:35810406 | DOI:10.1111/vsu.13845

Ann Parasitol. 2022;68(2):353-365. doi: 10.17420/ap6802.441.

ABSTRACT

The leaping mullet Chelon saliens is one of the economically significant fish species and the revealing its parasite fauna in relation with some ecological and host related factors will provide new data for our current knowledge. A total of 165 leaping mullet were collected from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea in the period from September 2015 to August 2016 and investigated for parasites. Eleven parasite species including Myxobolus parvus, Myxobolus sp., Sphaerospora mugilis (Myxozoa), Ligophorus szidati, Solostamenides mugilis (Monogenea), Schikhobalotrema sparisomae, Saccocoelium tensum, Saccocoelium obesum (Digenea), Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda), Neoechinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala) and Ergasilus lizae (Copepoda) have been identified. The overall infection prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance values were 65.5%, 26.2 and 17.2, respectively. The overall infection prevalence was dominated by L. szidati, followed by M. parvus and Digenea-group. On the other hand, the overall mean intensity values were dominated by Digenea-group, followed by L. szidati and E. lizae, respectively, while the mean abundance values were dominated by L. szidati, followed by Digenea-group and E. lizae. The infection indices of all identified parasites were also calculated in relation with length classes and sex of fish as well as season and the differences were evaluated statistically. Seasonally significant differences in the infection prevalence and mean abundance were found for Digenea-group, Ligophorus szidati and Neoechinorhynchus sp. These differences were also significant in the length classes of Digenea-group and Ligophorus szidati. This study is the first investigation on seasonal and host related dynamics of parasites of C. saliens in the southern coasts of the Black Sea and all investigated factors were found to influence the infection indices of dominating parasite species.

PMID:35810385 | DOI:10.17420/ap6802.441

J Bone Miner Res. 2022 Jul 10. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4646. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recent experimental work has identified CXCL9 as a promoter for the differentiation of osteoclast progenitors into osteoclasts, with resultant bone resorption. However, no human study has validated an association between this chemokine and osteoporosis or fracture risk. We conducted a matched case-control study nested in the prospective, population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study. Fifty-five men and 119 women with incident hip fractures, occurring median 6.2 years after blood collection, were matched individually to controls by age at recruitment, gender and duration of blood storage. Serum chemokines, CXCL9 and CXCL10, were measured using immunoassays. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models that included age at blood collection, body mass index, smoking and diabetes as covariates were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association with hip fracture risk. Predictive utility of chemokine for hip fracture risk was examined by comparing area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) between prognostic models with and without the chemokine. Increasing CXCL9 levels were associated with increasing hip fracture risk in men but not in women (P_interaction =0.002). Comparing extreme quartiles, the OR (95% CI) in the highest quartile was 10.35 (1.90-56.39) in men (P_trend =0.002) and 1.46 (0.59-3.60) in women (P_trend =0.32). Adding CXCL9 to a prognostic model that already incorporated age and other risk factors improved the AUC (95% CI) from 0.65 (0.55-0.76) to 0.74 (0.65-0.83) for the predictive utility of hip fractures in men but not in women. Conversely, the association between CXCL10 and hip fracture risk was not statistically significant in either gender. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35810382 | DOI:10.1002/jbmr.4646