Nevin Manimala

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Aug 15;24(8):874-880. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2204163.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the carriage status of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) and Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) in preschool children and the influencing factors for the carriage status.

METHODS: The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 031 healthy children from seven kindergartens in Shunde District of Foshan in Guangdong, China. Nasal swabs were collected from all children for the isolation and identification of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis. The carriage status of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis was analyzed in terms of its association with demographic features and hospital- and community-related factors.

RESULTS: The carriage rates of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis were 21.81% and 52.44%, respectively among the children. The co-carriage rate of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis was 14.87%. The correspondence analysis showed that the factors such as lower grade, non-local registered residence, living in rural areas, small living area, history of respiratory tract infection but no history of antibiotic use, allergic skin diseases, and no hospital-related exposure history were significantly associated with the co-carriage of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis among the children (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Co-carriage of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis can be observed in preschool children. Young age, poor living environment, a history of respiratory tract infection but no history of antibiotic use, allergic skin diseases, and no hospital-related exposure history are important risk factors for the co-carriage of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis in preschool children.

PMID:36036125 | DOI:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2204163

Chronobiol Int. 2022 Aug 29:1-11. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2117051. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic caused strong restrictions in organized sports. Specifically, adolescent athletes, whose daily routine is usually determined by school and practice schedules, experienced a sudden lifestyle change. The aim of this study was to examine sleep and training patterns of German elite adolescent basketball players (N = 115, 15.70 ± 1.22 years, female = 32.17%) during different phases of the 2021 lockdown. Sleep and training behavior were documented by a subjective monitoring over 10 days at three different lockdown phases in February, April, and June/July. A linear mixed model approach was conducted for the statistical analyses. Sleep duration and time in bed decreased between phase 1 (prohibition of organized sports) and phase 3 (normal training conditions), while sleep efficiency and quality increased. There was no change in training duration over time, but in training intensity, which peaked in the third phase. This study contains meaningful evidence to analyze the lockdown-related return to practice process. Athletes were able to maintain training duration with alternative protocols during pandemic conditions. Interestingly, athletes slept less under non-lockdown conditions, but reported a better sleep quality. It is recommended to consider athletes’ individual preferences when planning training and recovery schedules.

PMID:36036080 | DOI:10.1080/07420528.2022.2117051

Int J Artif Organs. 2022 Aug 29:3913988221120026. doi: 10.1177/03913988221120026. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy between personalised 3-dimensional (3D) printed osteotomy and traditional osteotomy in periacetabular osteotomy (PAO).

METHODS: Twenty-two patients with acetabular dysplasia were randomly divided into a personalised 3D-printed osteotomy group and a traditional osteotomy group without 3D printing assistance. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, X-ray frequency, quantity of postoperative drainage, postoperative transfusion rate, hip angle and Harris hip score of 6 months postoperative were studied and compared to evaluate the surgical efficacy between personalised 3D-printed osteotomy and traditional osteotomy in periacetabular osteotomy.

RESULTS: The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, X-ray frequency, postoperative 24 h drainage volume in the personalised 3D-printed osteotomy group (114.70 ± 2.21 min, 639.70 ± 5.00 mL, 11.82 ± 0.42 times, 231.20 ± 3.86 mL) was superior to the traditional group (150.40 ± 2.45 min, 850.50 ± 5.34 mL, 17.09 ± 0.39 times, 324.30 ± 4.06 mL). There was a statistically significant difference between the 3D-printed osteotomy group and the traditional osteotomy group in terms of the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, X-ray frequency and postoperative 24 h drainage volume (p < 0.05). And there were no substantial differences in the hip angle and the 6-month postoperative Harris hip score between the two groups (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The 3D-printed osteotomy template for PAO is a valid method and its short-term clinical effect is superior to that of traditional osteotomy.

PMID:36036079 | DOI:10.1177/03913988221120026

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Sep;36(9):706-710. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.011.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of air-conducted sound cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential （ACS-cVEMP） and bone-conducted vibration cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential （BCV-cVEMP） in healthy preschool children, and to provide the normal reference range of VEMP for preschool children in China. Methods:Forty-four normal-hearing children （88 ears） aged 3-7 years were recruited to undergo ACS-cVEMP and BCV-cVEMP determination. These children were divided into two groups according to age: 3-4 years old group （ 17 cases, 34 ears） and 5-7 years old group （ 27 cases, 54 ears）. The response rates and waveform parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically using SPSS 18.0 software. Results:The response rates of ACS-cVEMP, BCV-cVEMP in 44 normal-hearing children （88 ears） were 96.59％（85/88） and 97.73％（86/88） respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups （P > 0.05）. The response rates of ACS-cVEMP in 3-4 year old group and 5-7 year old group were 94.12% （32/34） and 98.15% （53/54） respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups（P>0.05）; The response rates of BCV-cVEMP in 3-4 year old group and 5-7 year old group were 94.12% （32/34） and 100.00%（54/54） respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups （P>0.05）. Compared with the 5-7 year old group, the latency of p1 and n1 in the 3-4 year old group was shorter （P<0.05） and the amplitude was higher （P<0.05）, and there was no significant difference in other parameters （P>0.05）. There was no statistical difference in threshold, n1, p1 latency, n1-p1 wave interval, n1-p1 amplitude, and amplitude asymmetry ratio of BCV-cVEMP between the two groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion:ACS-cVEMP and BCV-cVEMP can be elicited in most preschool children, and cVEMP is a feasible method to detect vestibular function in children.

PMID:36036073 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.011

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Sep;36(9):702-706. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.010.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the value of adding 1 kHz cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential（cVEMP） and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential（oVEMP） in the auxiliary diagnosis of unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Methods:A retrospective analysis of 84 patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction receiving two or more vestibular function tests was conducted,29 cases of unilateral Ménière’s disease, 27 cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo （BPPV）, 8 cases of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss （ISSHL） with vertigo, and 20 cases of ISSHL without vertigo were included. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis to observe the difference of frequency amplitude ratio （FAR） at 500 Hz/1 kHz of cVEMP and oVEMP between the experimental and control groups. Results:①The cVEMP elicitation rates were 95.24% （80/84） and 98.81% （83/84） for 500 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively; and the oVEMP elicitation rates were 78.57% （66/84） and 91.67% （77/84） for 500 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. ②Except for the lateral difference of FAR in oVEMP of the posterior semicircular canal BPPV group and cVEMP of the horizontal semicircular canal BPPV group （P<0.05）, no significant lateral difference was observed in the other disease groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion:In patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, cVEMP and oVEMP showed different frequency tuning changes in different semicircular canal BPPV groups. Additionally, 1 kHz cVEMP and oVEMP as regular stimulation frequencies in clinical test, which has certain clinical reference significance for determining the diagnosis and prognosis of BPPV on the weak ear and in different semicircular canal involvement.

PMID:36036072 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.010

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Sep;36(9):679-684. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.006.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the correlation between Mandarin acceptable noise level （M-ANL） and cortical auditory evoked potential （CAEP）, and to explore the possible mechanism leading to individual differences in M-ANL values. Methods:Thirty listeners aged 22-33 years with normal hearing were selected as the study subjects, and the M-ANL test and CAEP test were performed respectively. The most comfortable level （MCL）, maximum background noise level （BNL）, M-ANL and CAEP values of each subject were recorded. The latency of each wave of P1, N1, P2, N2, P300 and the amplitude of P1-N1, P2-N2, P300 in CAEP were recorded for each subject. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis to explore the correlation between the MCL value, BNL value and M-ANL values and the latency of P1, N1, P2, N2, P300 and P1-N1, P2-N2, P300 amplitudes of CAEP. Results:①The MCL value and M-ANL value were positively correlated with the P2 latency of CAEP, and the correlation coefficients were 0.404 and 0.400, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no correlation with P1, N1, N2, and P300 latencies of CAEP （P>0.05）. ②The MCL value, BNL value and M-ANL value had no significant difference with the CAEP wave amplitudes of P1-N1, P2-N2, and P300 （P>0.05）. Conclusion:There was a certain correlation between M-ANL and CAEP in young adults with normal hearing, suggesting that the central auditory cortex might play a potential regulatory role in the background noise tolerance. Individuals with a greater background noise acceptance might have stronger central efferent mechanisms and/or less active central afferent mechanisms.

PMID:36036068 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.006

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Sep;36(9):675-678;684. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.005.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To observe the effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation in Ménière’s disease patients with chronic imbalance. Methods:Forty-five Ménière’s disease patients with chronic imbalance treated in vertigo specialist clinic of Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University from December 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. Patients were divided randomly into two groups, 23 patients in experimental group and 22 patients in control group. Both groups received routine outpatient treatment, and the experimental group received an additional vestibular rehabilitation for 8 weeks. All patients were evaluated with dizziness handicap inventory （DHI） at baseline and 8-week follow-up, and the incidence of fall was calculated. The occurrence of adverse events during the study was also recorded. Results:There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups （P>0.05）. During the study, 1 patient were lost to follow-up and 2 patients dropped out. A total of 42 patients completed the study. Intentionality analysis was performed on lost follow-up patients. After 8 weeks of the treatment, there were significant statistically differences in difference values of DHI and DHI-F scores（d₁=-30.22±3.78, d₂=-13.09±4.85, t=-2.799, P<0.05; d₁=-12.43±1.46, d₂=-4.55±2.17, t=-3.043, P<0.05）, while no significant difference was showed in the difference values of DHI-P and DHI-E scores（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in incidence of fall between two groups（P>0.05）, but the incidence of experimental group decreased significantly compared with that before treatment（4.35% vs 34.78%, χ²=4.973, P<0.05）. No serious adverse event was reported in the two groups. Conclusion:Vestibular rehabilitation can improve the balance function and reduce risk of fall in Ménière’s disease patients with chronic imbalance. Therefore, it is worthy of clinical application.

PMID:36036067 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.005

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Sep;36(9):670-674. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.004.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To understand the occurrence of horizontal semicircular canal functional impairment in patients with common vestibular diseases and to explore the characteristics and clinical value of different evaluation methods of horizontal semicircular canal. Methods:From July 2013 to December 2016, patients who attended the vertigo clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University and completed more than three horizontal semicircular canal function tests were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 396 patients diagnosed as vestibular migraine （VM）, Ménière’s disease （MD）, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo （BPPV）, vestibular neuritis （VN） and 104 patients with unknown diagnosis were enrolled. The results of caloric test （CT）, rotation test （RT）, head-shaking nystagmus test （HSN） and video head impulse test （vHIT） were collected and the abnormal detection rates of different detection methods were calculated. The sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of various detection methods were statistically analyzed using CT as the gold standard. Results:①The abnormal rates of the four evaluation methods from high to low were HSN, CT, RT, vHIT （51.20%, 50.80%, 25.76%, 19.74%, respectively）; ②Taking CT as the gold standard, among these four common vestibular diseases, the sensitivity and specificity of vHIT were 0.13-0.41 and 0.69-1.00, the sensitivity and specificity of HSN were 0.44-0.76 and 0.29-0.69, and the sensitivity and specificity of RT were 0.25-0.45 and 0.50-0.84;③According to statistical analysis, only HSN and CT results showed no statistically significant difference in the 4 diseases. There was no significant difference between RT and CT in VM and BPPV, and vHIT and CT in BPPV. Conclusion:The abnormal rate of HSN results in common vestibular diseases is highest, and it could be recommended as a routine vestibular function screening item. The specificity of vHIT is highest and worthy of promotion. CT is still an irreplaceable method to evaluate the function of horizontal semicircular canal.

PMID:36036066 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.09.004

Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2022 Aug 20;40:61-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.08.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is limited data on the views of young people with epilepsy, their parents and school staff regarding the impact of epilepsy on learning and behaviour in school. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the impact of epilepsy on learning and behaviour and needed supports according to children with epilepsy, their parents and supporting school staff.

METHODS: School-aged children (n = 20) with ‘active epilepsy’ (taking anti-seizure Medications (ASMs) for epilepsy), their parents (n = 68) and school staff (n = 56) were interviewed or completed surveys. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and responses were compared for children attending mainstream and special schools using chi-square analyses. The answers to open questions were answered using thematic analyses.

RESULTS: The majority (53%) of children with epilepsy felt that epilepsy affected their learning including aspects such as memory, attention and concentration but also physical and emotional wellbeing including increased tiredness and lowered self-confidence. In addition, children brought up possible negative aspects of taking ASMs including increased irritability and emotional reactivity. The children also mentioned that epilepsy in school was associated with stigma and restrictions. The majority (85%) of parents agreed that epilepsy affects the child’s learning/behaviour while more staff agreed that epilepsy affects learning (61%) than behaviour (45%). Most parents agreed that that their child’s school provided the appropriate resources to support their child’s learning (79%) and 72% agreed that they were satisfied overall with the support their child received at school. However, parents of children attending special schools were more likely to agree that the child’s school provided appropriate resources to support their child’s learning (p = 0.034) and be satisfied with the support their child received in school (p = 0.02), than parents of children attending mainstream schools. With respect to current or desired supports, analysis of the children’s responses indicated that they want access to supportive environments outside the classroom, accommodations in tests/exams and increased support from trusted adults. Parent responses included approaches that promote child wellbeing, environmental accommodations, a high ratio of adult support and a consideration of the child’s communication needs. Staff views regarding optimal strategies included a high level of adult support for the child, environmental accommodations, use of multimodal learning, adapting communication and approaches that promote psychological wellbeing.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of children perceived that epilepsy affected their learning and behaviour in school including leading to specific learning difficulties, but also negative impacts on emotional and physical wellbeing. Levels of parental satisfaction with supports were significantly higher in special schools compared with mainstream schools. Children, parents and staff highlighted a number of supports which they felt can support the child with epilepsy’s learning but also emotional wellbeing.

PMID:36031701 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.08.001

Cancer Treat Rev. 2022 Aug 18;110:102455. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102455. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In ultra-rare sarcomas (URS) the conduction of prospective, randomized trials is challenging. Data from retrospective observational studies (ROS) may represent the best evidence available. ROS implicit limitations led to poor acceptance by the scientific community and regulatory authorities. In this context, an expert panel from the Connective Tissue Oncology Society (CTOS), agreed on the need to establish a set of minimum requirements for conducting high-quality ROS on the activity of systemic therapies in URS.

METHODS: Representatives from > 25 worldwide sarcoma reference centres met in November 2020 and identified a list of topics summarizing the main issues encountered in ROS on URS. An online survey on these topics was distributed to the panel; results were summarized by descriptive statistics and discussed during a second meeting (November 2021).

RESULTS: Topics identified by the panel included the use of ROS results as external control data, the criteria for contributing centers selection, modalities for ensuring a correct pathological diagnosis and radiologic assessment, consistency of surveillance policies across centers, study end-points, risk of data duplication, results publication. Based on the answers to the survey (55 of 62 invited experts) and discussion the panel agreed on 18 statements summarizing principles of recommended practice.

CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations will be disseminated by CTOS across the sarcoma community and incorporated in future ROS on URS, to maximize their quality and favor their use as control data when results from prospective studies are unavailable. These recommendations could help the optimal conduction of ROS also in other rare tumors.

PMID:36031697 | DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102455