Nevin Manimala

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 5;15(1):28510. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09224-3.

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the improvement effect of graded exercise rehabilitation on diaphragm function, exercise function, and respiratory performance in AECOPD patients. 68 AECOPD patients admitted to the Respiratory and Critical Care Department of a tertiary hospital in Zunyi City. Patients were randomly divided into a study group and a control group (each group 34 patients), and then according to the grading criteria, patients in each group were divided into 3 levels, for a total of 6 groups. The control group used conventional rehabilitation, while the study group used graded exercise rehabilitation. Bedside ultrasound was used to monitor the changes in diaphragm function (DE, DTei, DTee, DTF), 6MWT, CAT score, mMRC questionnaire, non-invasive mechanical ventilation time, and hospital stay between two groups of patients before and after rehabilitation. Compared with before the rehabilitation intervention, the study group showed significant improvement in diaphragm movement compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The end-inspiratory, end-expiratory, and diaphragm thickening scores all improved compared to before, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); The 6MWT and CAT scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group after the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); Compared with the control group, the study group had significantly less mechanical ventilation time and hospitalization time, and the difference was statistically significant (both P < 0.05); The total incidence of MV related complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no actual compression injuries, aspiration, deep vein thrombosis, atelectasis, etc. in either group; The mMRC questionnaire did not show statistical significance (P > 0.05), but there was improvement before the intervention. Graded exercise rehabilitation can effectively improve the overall diaphragm function of patients, and has a positive effect on enhancing exercise quality and endurance; Bedside ultrasound can dynamically and real-time observe the diaphragm movement status of AECOPD patients, objectively and directly evaluate the recovery of respiratory muscle function, and has important clinical value.

PMID:40764492 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-09224-3

Sci Data. 2025 Aug 5;12(1):1355. doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-05715-0.

ABSTRACT

As the cornerstone of China’s food security, Northeastern China contributes nearly 20% of national rice production. However, we are still lacking of high-resolution rice maps with detailed and long time-series in this region, impeding crop management decisions for food security. Here we generated an annual 30 m resolution rice distribution dataset for Northeastern China since the 21st century (NECAR) using the Google Earth Engine platform and random forest classification. The workflow involved (1) hierarchical screening principle to select ground samples, (2) the linear interpolation and Whittaker smoothing Landsat5/7/8 time series data and (3) enhanced spectral-feature sets. The resultant annual maps have high overall accuracy (OA) ranging from 0.93 to 0.99, and the satellite estimates corresponded well with statistics for most cities (R² ≥ 0.7, p < 0.01), with higher accuracy than that of similar crops mapping datasets. This is the first attempt in Northeastern China to reconstruct paddy rice patterns at a 30-m resolution over a detailed and extended time series, enabling in-depth analysis of potential environmental and economic impacts.

PMID:40764483 | DOI:10.1038/s41597-025-05715-0

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2025 Aug 5. doi: 10.1007/s00270-025-04142-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report safety and efficacy (on terms of long-term pain reduction results) after percutaneous splanchnic nerve cryoneurolysis for the treatment of refractory pancreatic cancer-related pain.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center, institutional review board-approved, retrospective observational study recruited consecutive patients with pancreatic cancer-related pain refractory to conservative treatment who underwent CT-guided cryoneurolysis of the splanchnic nerves. Outcomes included overall pain reduction rate (> 4 pain score units in the VAS pain scores), technical success (successful cryoprobe placement at the level of interest), and opioid usage reduction.

RESULTS: Fifty patients were included (mean age 65 ± 7 years). Overall, clinically relevant pain reduction was achieved in 76% of the patients (38/50). Baseline mean self-reported pain score was 9.52 ± 0.6 (range 8-10) reduced to a mean value of 4.36 ± 2.9, 4.23 ± 3, and 4.43 ± 3.1 after 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Technical success was achieved in 100% (50/50) of the patients. Reduction in opioid analgesia usage was observed in 76% (38/50) of the patients. Median overall survival after treatment was 21 months (interquartile range: 6, 36). A statistically significant difference was observed in the self-reported pain scores at 1, 6, and 12 months in patients with and without infiltration of the celiac plexus. No grade > 1b complications, according to the modified CIRSE classification system, were reported.

CONCLUSION: This retrospective study highlights that percutaneous cryoneurolysis of the splanchnic nerves is effective and offers long-lasting pain palliation in patients with refractory pancreatic cancer-related pain. This effect is more pronounced when the celiac plexus is not infiltrated by the tumor.

PMID:40764465 | DOI:10.1007/s00270-025-04142-3

Aquat Toxicol. 2025 Aug 4;287:107524. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107524. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The Veneto Region (Italy) experienced one of the heaviest contaminations by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pollutants of emerging concern due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation potential in animal tissues. Hence, there is a need to study their impact on freshwater fish inhabiting contaminated rivers, particularly at the level of the antioxidant system, since PFAS are known to cause an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby increasing the risk of oxidative stress. This study examines the physiological responses triggered by chronic exposure to three distinct environmental concentrations of PFAS in the European chub (Squalius cephalus). The sites were classified as “control” (with a PFAS concentration < 5 ng/L), “low polluted” (5.64 ng/L) and “highly polluted” (582.6 ng/L). Biochemical and molecular analyses were performed on the kidney, one of the main organs for xenobiotic bioaccumulation. The catalase (CAT) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases (Se-GPXs) expression was quantified at both active protein and mRNA transcript levels. Results confirm the activation of antioxidant defences against the risk of PFAS-induced oxidative stress. There is a differential induction in the biosynthesis of enzymes inside specific intracellular compartments: CAT in peroxisomes in the “low polluted” site and Se-GPXs in the cytoplasm in the “highly polluted” one. The gene gpx1 was the only isoform whose mRNA level corresponded to that of the active protein, suggesting the highest contribution to the biosynthesis of Se-GPXs at high PFAS concentrations. Conversely, gpx4 increased its transcription level in the “low polluted” site, which didn’t match with an increase in protein content, leading us to hypothesise an involvement of specific cytoplasmic mRNA-protein complexes, called stress granules, acting in the temporary silencing of gpx4.

PMID:40763376 | DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107524

Eye Contact Lens. 2025 Aug 1. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000001206. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the practices, challenges, and barriers faced by optometrists in the control of childhood myopia in Nigeria.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected information on demography, professional experience, clinical practice, and perceived barriers to effective myopia control options using a self-administered web-based survey. The survey was designed using a Likert scale and conducted between February 13 and April 21, 2024. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency of different management strategies and the various factors influencing decisions related to myopia management.

RESULTS: The respondents were mostly male (51.7%), 49.5% worked in private practice, and 52.4% had less than five years of professional experience. The most frequently used myopia control options were single-vision distance spectacles (full correction), advice to spend more time outdoors, and visual hygiene. Single-vision distance contact lenses with full correction (63.4%) were the most recommended alternative option to single-vision distance spectacles (full correction), followed by visual hygiene practices (61.8%). Myopia control spectacle lenses were used by only 1.9% of the respondents. Major barriers to effective myopia control included the need for additional clinical equipment, medico-legal concerns, and minimal financial incentives, rated as “important” or “very important” by more than 45% of respondents.

CONCLUSIONS: Significant gaps in the adoption of advanced myopia control strategies were observed among Nigerian optometrists, largely because of perceived barriers such as financial constraints and medico-legal concerns.

PMID:40763346 | DOI:10.1097/ICL.0000000000001206

J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025 Aug 5:1-10. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2025.2538611. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Intake of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be related to the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and menstrual symptoms through inflammation. The present study aims to investigate the relation between diet-derived AGE (dAGE) intake levels, DII, and menstrual symptoms among university students.

METHOD: The study was conducted with 380 female students between November 2023 and January 2024. Participants were administered a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Demographic information, dietary habits, physical activity status, and findings from the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) were evaluated. Additionally, participants’ 24-hour dietary intake records were collected.

RESULTS: The average intake of dAGEs among students was 6483.82 ± 4084.75 kU/d, with mean DII scores of 7.14 ± 4.06 and mean MSQ total scores of 3.10 ± 0.76. In terms of AGE intake levels, students who preferred frying as a cooking method had statistically higher median values compared to those who preferred baking and boiling. As individuals’ dAGE intake increased, there was an observed increase in energy, protein, and fat consumption. Conversely, an increase in DII total scores was associated with decreased intake of dietary fiber, vitamin E, vitamin B1, potassium, magnesium, and copper.

CONCLUSIONS: As participants’ dAGE intakes increased, a decrease in DII total scores was observed; statistically significant correlation was not found between dAGE intake levels and MSQ total scores. This study revealed the relationship between dAGE intake and DII and menstrual symptoms and suggests the need for comprehensive studies to achieve clearer conclusions.

PMID:40763333 | DOI:10.1080/27697061.2025.2538611

JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2025 Aug;9:e2500055. doi: 10.1200/CCI-25-00055. Epub 2025 Aug 5.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted cancer screenings in the United States, with disproportionate impact on health disparity populations. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the pandemic on routine screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer among Medicaid enrollees.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective, descriptive analysis to estimate the rate of breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screenings among Medicaid enrollees age 50-75 years in New Jersey. Secondary enrollment and claims from the 2017-2022 Medicaid Management Information System were used. The results were stratified by screening type and socioeconomic factors. Bivariate analysis assessed between-group differences.

RESULTS: Although April 2020 had the lowest screening rates in the 6-year period, rates for all three cancer types rebounded to prepandemic levels by late summer 2020. In 2022, breast cancer screening rates exceeded previous peaks. However, cervical and colorectal screening rates did not resume their prepandemic trajectories. Key findings comparing 2022 with 2019 were (1) across all three cancer screening groups, the younger group (50-64 years) had a higher screening rate than the older group (65-75 years); (2) Hispanic enrollees consistently had the highest screening rates; (3) the screening rate among dually eligible enrollees increased throughout the pandemic; and (4) there was wide screening variation by geographic region.

CONCLUSION: Multilevel, multisectoral approaches, including policy and health system strategies, are critical to addressing gaps in care for Medicaid enrollees. Future efforts should focus on bolstering cervical and colorectal cancer screening rates and ensuring equitable access to cancer screening and treatment.

PMID:40763321 | DOI:10.1200/CCI-25-00055

J Clin Oncol. 2025 Aug 5:JCO2500812. doi: 10.1200/JCO-25-00812. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, DS-8201a) for patients with unresectable or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who have tumor progression on previous endocrine therapy (ET) and have hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 1+ or IHC 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH]-) or HER2-ultralow (IHC 0 with membrane staining) tumors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Approval was based on DESTINY-Breast06, a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of 866 patients with HR-positive breast cancer, including 713 patients with HER2-low and 153 with HER2-ultralow tumors. Patients were required to have progressed on previous ET and must not have received chemotherapy in the metastatic setting. Random assignment was 1:1 to T-DXd or investigator’s choice of chemotherapy (paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, or capecitabine). Previous CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment, previous taxane use in the (neo)adjuvant setting, and HER2 status (IHC2+/ISH- v 1+ v IHC 0 with membrane staining) were stratification factors.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review (BICR) in the HER2-low population of 13.2 months (95% CI, 11.4 to 15.2) in the T-DXd arm and 8.1 months (95% CI, 7.0 to 9.0) in the chemotherapy arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.75], P < .0001). The trial also met its key secondary end point, PFS by BICR in the overall population, with a HR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.76, P < .0001).

CONCLUSION: T-DXd is a new treatment option for patients with hormone receptor-positive, unresectable or MBC with HER2-low or HER2-ultralow tumors who have experienced progression on ET. This is the first indication specifying the category of HER2-ultralow expression in breast cancer, and an assay to select patients for this category was approved contemporaneously.

PMID:40763319 | DOI:10.1200/JCO-25-00812

PLoS Comput Biol. 2025 Aug 5;21(8):e1013361. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013361. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The nosocomial transmission of respiratory pathogens is an ongoing healthcare challenge, with consequences for the health of vulnerable individuals. Outbreaks in hospitals can require the closure of bays or entire wards, reducing hospital capacity and having a financial impact upon healthcare providers. Here we evaluate a novel strategy of pre-exposure prophylaxis as a means to reduce the nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We model the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) upon levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, and ultimately the probability of an infection. We then implement this model within simulations describing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections within a hospital context, simulating an intervention in which UDCA is given to patients on a ward for 10 days following the detection of a case of SARS-CoV-2 on that ward. Under default model parameters we infer a potential 17% reduction in the nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to patients, with increased importation of cases into the hospital increasing the effectiveness of the intervention, and of the order 1000-2000 patient treatment days per nosocomial patient infection prevented. Our study provides preliminary evidence of the value of pre-exposure prophylaxis with UDCA as a strategy to reduce nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

PMID:40763307 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013361

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2025 Jun 1;44(6):e225-e228. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004734. Epub 2025 Jan 10.

ABSTRACT

In this brief report, we describe Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit during 2023-2024. We compare with the previous 6 years and analyze their treatments and outcomes. We observe an increase of cases, half of them with underlying conditions. Hypoxemia was their main severity sign. Viral coinfections were common. Bacterial coinfections appeared to worsen outcomes.

PMID:40763306 | DOI:10.1097/INF.0000000000004734